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Author: Alexander Kelle
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401007756
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
Biotechnology is vital to counter biological and toxin weapons. Without biotechnology, the detection, identification and diagnoses of, and medical countermeasures to such weapons would be virtually impossible. As biological and toxin agents occur in natural outbreaks of disease or intoxications, there are both civil and military benefit to be had from the use of biotechnology in providing effective countermeasures to such agents. The role of biotechnology in countering biological and toxin weapons is here addressed under seven major headings: The wider political and economic contexts; Enabling technologies for BTW agent detection; The applicability of biotechnological methods for BTW agent detection on the battlefield, in a terrorist incident, and in an inspection environment; Pre-exposure medical countermeasures; Diagnosis and identification; Post-exposure treatment and decontamination; Contribution of biotechnology to strengthening international conventions against BTW agents.
Author: Alexander Kelle
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401007756
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
Biotechnology is vital to counter biological and toxin weapons. Without biotechnology, the detection, identification and diagnoses of, and medical countermeasures to such weapons would be virtually impossible. As biological and toxin agents occur in natural outbreaks of disease or intoxications, there are both civil and military benefit to be had from the use of biotechnology in providing effective countermeasures to such agents. The role of biotechnology in countering biological and toxin weapons is here addressed under seven major headings: The wider political and economic contexts; Enabling technologies for BTW agent detection; The applicability of biotechnological methods for BTW agent detection on the battlefield, in a terrorist incident, and in an inspection environment; Pre-exposure medical countermeasures; Diagnosis and identification; Post-exposure treatment and decontamination; Contribution of biotechnology to strengthening international conventions against BTW agents.
Author: Tatyana Novossiolova
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319510045
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 337
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Book Description
This book provides an up-to-date analysis of the governance of biotechnology in post-Soviet Russia. The rapid advancement of the life sciences over the past few decades promises to bring tremendous benefits, but also raises significant social, ethical, legal, and security risks. Nations’ adaptability to the twin challenges of attempting to secure the benefits while reducing the risks and threats is a large and still burgeoning governance challenge. Here, Novossiolova cuts across several sets of literature, bringing together elements of the anthropological study of culture; history of science and technology; management and international governance; and Soviet history and politics. Due to its multidisciplinary approach, in-depth analysis, accessible style, and extensive reference list, this text offers invaluable insights into the normative dimensions of the governance of biotechnology, unpacking both the formal and intangible attributes and artefacts of biotechnology policy and practice in Russia.
Author: Andre Richardt
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527621636
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
Based on results previously restricted for military use and inaccessible to the public, this practice-oriented handbook introduces the use of enzymes for fast and efficient decontamination of B/C weapons in various scenarios, including terrorist attacks. It draws on the internationally recognized technological leadership of the German armed forces, whose anti-B/C technology is among the most advanced worldwide. The text is rounded off with a look at future perspectives.
Author: Russian Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309141176
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 363
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Book Description
Few countries have endured as many attacks of terrorism during the past two decades as has Russia. From bombings on the streets of a number of cities, to the disruption of pipelines in Dagestan, to the taking of hundreds of hostages at a cultural center in Moscow and at a school in Beslan, the Russian government has responded to many political and technical challenges to protect the population. The measures that have been undertaken to reduce vulnerabilities to terrorist attacks and to mitigate the consequences of attacks have been of widespread interest in many other countries as well. In June 1999, the Presidents of the National Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences initiated an inter-academy program to jointly address common interests in the field of counter-terrorism. Four workshops were held from 2001 to 2007 and additional consultations were undertaken prior to and after the series of workshops. This report includes 35 of the Russian presentations during the workshop series. Collectively they provide a broad overview of activities that have been supported by Russian institutions.
Author: L.G. Gazsó
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1607501090
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
The use of and problems associated with biological weapons have been of concern to NATO and non-NATO military organizations for many years. Until recently, most of the readily available literature addressed the military issues associated with the possible use of biological weapons on the battlefield, the medical effects of the various agents, and what was known about medical prophylaxis and treatments. Information on other needed countermeasures, such as decontamination, or public health issues associated with exposure of civilian populations, were largely overlooked. This perspective changed dramatically after the contamination of the US Mail system with powdered anthrax spores. Among the significant problems and defensive weaknesses that the anthrax attack revealed was the importance, but lack of established industrial-scale decontamination methods for large volumes of heterogeneous objects or for complex physical environments. Ultimately, these two microbial decontamination problems were solved in very different ways. The contaminated mail was treated with ionizing radiation while the contaminated government buildings were treated with vapor / gas-phase chemicals. Both the decontamination of the mail and establishing a process for prophylactic treatment of the mail, were solved relatively quickly. This was in large part due to the robust radiation biology and technical base derived from the industrial use of ionizing radiation. Contributing to the speed of response was the fact that the attack occurred within the United States and in the 'home town' of many of the technical experts and decision makers, allowing official response to be coordinated rapidly.
Author: G. Berencsi
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1607501392
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
The misuse of technical achievements of science created many disasters in the past. The potential misuse of recent discoveries and innovations of molecular biology can create more important epidemiological and biological accidents or mass tragedies than an influenza pandemic, the HIV / AIDS epidemic or SARS. Both NATO and the civilian spheres have to be prepared for rapid recognition, identification, prevention and treatment of such potential risks. This volume summarizes projects aiming to detect risks of biological toxins, superantigens and the modeling of their effects. Potential risks, detection and prevention of chronic and zoonotic infections are summarized in addition to interaction of human pathogens affecting biological risks. Specific applications of recent diagnostic procedures for rapid detection and identification of hazardous or unusual etiologic agents are summarized including new, high through-put diagnostic methods. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of disasters and recently developed philosophy for global prevention will be presented. Experimental vaccines and therapeutics including a new smallpox vaccine are included.
Author: Gregory D. Koblentz
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 0801457661
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
"Biological weapons are widely feared, yet rarely used. Biological weapons were the first weapon prohibited by an international treaty, yet the proliferation of these weapons increased after they were banned in 1972. Biological weapons are frequently called 'the poor man's atomic bomb,' yet they cannot provide the same deterrent capability as nuclear weapons. One of my goals in this book is to explain the underlying principles of these apparent paradoxes."—from Living Weapons Biological weapons are the least well understood of the so-called weapons of mass destruction. Unlike nuclear and chemical weapons, biological weapons are composed of, or derived from, living organisms. In Living Weapons, Gregory D. Koblentz provides a comprehensive analysis of the unique challenges that biological weapons pose for international security. At a time when the United States enjoys overwhelming conventional military superiority, biological weapons have emerged as an attractive means for less powerful states and terrorist groups to wage asymmetric warfare. Koblentz also warns that advances in the life sciences have the potential to heighten the lethality and variety of biological weapons. The considerable overlap between the equipment, materials and knowledge required to develop biological weapons, conduct civilian biomedical research, and develop biological defenses creates a multiuse dilemma that limits the effectiveness of verification, hinders civilian oversight, and complicates threat assessments. Living Weapons draws on the American, Soviet, Russian, South African, and Iraqi biological weapons programs to enhance our understanding of the special challenges posed by these weapons for arms control, deterrence, civilian-military relations, and intelligence. Koblentz also examines the aspirations of terrorist groups to develop these weapons and the obstacles they have faced. Biological weapons, Koblentz argues, will continue to threaten international security until defenses against such weapons are improved, governments can reliably detect biological weapon activities, the proliferation of materials and expertise is limited, and international norms against the possession and use of biological weapons are strengthened.
Author: Michael Edward Brown
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262524308
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 588
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Book Description
Command of the commons : the military foundation of U.S. Hegemony / Barry R. Posen / - Why do states build nuclear weapons? Three models in search of a bomb / Scott D. Sagan / - Never say never again : nuclear reversal revisited / Ariel E. Levite / - Preventing nuclear entrepreneurship in russia's nuclear cities / Sharon K. Weiner / - Pathogens as weapons : the international security implications of biological warfare / Gregory Koblentz / - Dreaded risks and the control of biological weapons / Jessica Stern / - Beyond the MTCR : building a comprehensive regime to contain ballistic missile proliferation / Dinshaw Mistry / - Human security : paradigm shift or hot air? / Roland Paris / - Security, stability, and international migration / Myron Weiner / - HIV / AIDS and the changing landscape of war in Africa / Stefan Elbe / - Collateral damage : humanitarian assistance as a cause of conflict / Sarah Kenyon Lischer / - Market civilization and its clash with terror / Michael Mouusseau / - T ...
Author: Russian Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309082706
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 295
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Book Description
In June 2001 the National Academies and the Russian Academy of Sciences held a bilateral workshop in Moscow on terrorism in a high-technology society and modern methods to prevent and respond to it. The purpose of the workshop was to begin a dialogue on high-impact terrorism that could lead to further U.S.-Russian collaboration. This volume includes papers presented at the workshop by 31 Russian and American experts on various types of high-impact terrorism, including biological and agricultural terrorism, nuclear and electromagnetic terrorism, explosives, chemical, and technological terrorism, and cyber terrorism. The papers also address legal issues, Russian internal affairs, and the future of international cooperation in this area.
Author: Luther E. Lindler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592597645
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 594
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Book Description
In 2003, the President’s budget for bioterrorism defense totalled more than $5 billion. Today, the nation’s top academic scientists are scrambling to begin work to understand Bacillus anthracis and develop new vaccines and drugs. However, just five years ago, only the US Department of Defense (DOD) seemed concerned about these “exotic” agents. In 1997, the DOD spent approximately $137 million on biodefense to protect the deployed force, while academe, industry, local governments, and most of our federal leadership was oblivious to, and in some cases doubtful of, the seriousness of the threat. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) received the largest budget increase in the organization’s history. Fortunately, during this time of national urgency, a sound base exists on which to build our defenses against this new threat. A relatively small cadre of dedicated scientists within the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC) laid this foundation over the past 20 years.
