The Relationship Between Perceived Barriers, Previous Screening, and Participation in Free Prostate Cancer Screening Among African American Men PDF Download
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Author: Patricia Shelton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Author: Patricia Shelton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Author: Quandra M. Whaley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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ABSTRACT: Prostate cancer is one of the most significant health problems facing African American men today. Decreased participation in prostate cancer screening by African American men is a serious problem, as decreased survival rates occur when the diagnosis of prostate cancer is delayed. This descriptive cross-sectional study focuses on identifying the relationship between perceived barriers and prostate cancer screening practices among African American men. Using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a theoretical construct, current prostate cancer screening practices and perceived barriers to screening were examined in a sample of 52 African American men from men's clubs, barber shops, and churches located throughout North Florida. Perceived Barriers were measured by the Perceived Barriers Scale and participation in prostate cancer screening was measured by having a Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) and/or Prostate Specific Antigen Test (PSA). Barriers most associated with decreased participation in prostate cancer screening were "would be embarrassed", "no way to get there", and "didn't know I needed one". Demographic factors that were significant predictors for non-participation in prostate cancer screening were not having insurance or a primary care doctor and lack of knowledge. A greater understanding of perceived barriers to prostate cancer screening may provide health care professionals with the information they need to implement strategies to address these barriers. The intent is to increase prostate cancer screening in African American men and ultimately decrease the rate of mortality from prostate cancer. Results of this study may help healthcare professionals increase prostate cancer awareness, facilitate education and screening behaviors of African American men through early detection and intervention.
Author: Monica Stanley Covan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Patient refusal of treatment
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, and prostate-cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths among African American men. The literature has revealed that the primary cause of increased mortality rates of prostate cancer in African American men is the lack of participation in prostate-cancer screening activities. This descriptive cross-sectional study identified the relationships between perceived barriers to prostate-cancer screening and actual screening practices among African American men. Using the health belief model as a theoretical construct, current prostate-cancer screening practices and perceived barriers to screening were examined in a sample of 30 African American men located in upstate South Carolina. Perceived barriers were measured by Champion's Health Belief Model Scale, and participation in prostate-cancer screening was measured by a history of having a digital rectal exam, a prostate specific antigen test, or both in the preceding 12 months. A greater understanding of perceived barriers to prostate-cancer screening may provide health care professionals with the information they need to implement strategies to address these barriers. The aim is to increase prostate-cancer screening among African American men and ultimately decrease the rate of mortality from prostate cancer. The results of this study may help health care professionals increase prostate-cancer awareness and facilitate education and screening behaviors among African American men through early detection and intervention.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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The overall objective of this study is to determine factors associated with sustaining regular participation in free prostate cancer screening clinics among African American men. The expected outcome will be to define a set of intervention strategies that can be conducted at the community level by nurses in free screening clinics or programs. This study will provide understanding of the factors that influence African American men's choice to sustain participation in mass prostate cancer screening. Strategies used in this study show that African American participation can be increased. However, a challenge remains to sustain their participation in the free prostate cancer screening from one year to fl%the next, and over several years. Tailored messages have been developed which% respond to reasons men give for not returning, and also for reasons given that they seek the screening. Targeted mailed reminders can promote use of free screening clinics. Work in year 3 included continued collection of demographic data on the screening participants. In addition, conduct of prostate cancer screening information sessions was continued at area African American churches. Tailored messages were developed and used by free screening planners to facilitate enrollment of new and past year screening. Data cleaning and analysis were continued to determine the unduplicated count of study participants for each study year. in 2004 there were 508 participants. Of those 58% were African American which is an 18.5% increase over the three study years.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 59
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The goal of this project was to better understand the psychosocial and cultural factors affecting prostate cancer screening among African American (AA) and White men. It was a community-based participatory research project, which involved participation of local community members through a community steering committee. The first phase of the project was a focus group study, and then the focus group results were used to develop a questionnaire instrument. We conducted the Nashville Men's Preventive Health Survey, drawing a stratified and clustered random sample of 392 men ages 40 to 70. White men were more likely than AA men in recommended age ranges to have ever had a DRE or PSA, and to report having a PSA in the past 12 months, but there was no racial difference in DRE screening in the past year. Informed decision-making (IDM) was lower than actual screening rates, with only 2 out of 5 men who engaged in IDM by talking with their doctors about PC and screening options, with no difference by race. The number of visits to the doctor was positively associated with IDM, in particular for AA men. Having a medical home was positively associated with PC screening, but the effect was stronger for White men. For AA men, age, previous visit with a urologist, and doctor recommendation were positively associated with PC screening.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 33
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African American men are disproportionately affected by prostate cancer. In order to positively impact this disease, early interventions that encourage early detection and treatment are essential. The overall objective of this study is to explore motivators and barriers to seeking prostate cancer screening and treatment among urban African-American men. The proposed study has 2 phases. During phase 1, ethnographic interviews will be conducted with African-American men and other individuals who have insight into their culture. These other individuals could include health care providers and significant others of African-American men. Twenty-two informants were interviewed. After analysis of the qualitative data, the Plowden/Young Prostate Cancer Belief Instrument was refined. Psychometric properties of the instrument will be established, and data collection will begin. The findings will be utilized to design a culturally appropriate intervention that will motivate urban African-American men to seek early prostate cancer screening, participate in clinical trials, and seek effective treatment.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309170133
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 564
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Cancer ranks second only to heart disease as a leading cause of death in the United States, making it a tremendous burden in years of life lost, patient suffering, and economic costs. Fulfilling the Potential for Cancer Prevention and Early Detection reviews the proof that we can dramatically reduce cancer rates. The National Cancer Policy Board, part of the Institute of Medicine, outlines a national strategy to realize the promise of cancer prevention and early detection, including specific and wide-ranging recommendations. Offering a wealth of information and directly addressing major controversies, the book includes: A detailed look at how significantly cancer could be reduced through lifestyle changes, evaluating approaches used to alter eating, smoking, and exercise habits. An analysis of the intuitive notion that screening for cancer leads to improved health outcomes, including a discussion of screening methods, potential risks, and current recommendations. An examination of cancer prevention and control opportunities in primary health care delivery settings, including a review of interventions aimed at improving provider performance. Reviews of professional education and training programs, research trends and opportunities, and federal programs that support cancer prevention and early detection. This in-depth volume will be of interest to policy analysts, cancer and public health specialists, health care administrators and providers, researchers, insurers, medical journalists, and patient advocates.
Author: Angelo Dewitt Moore
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Author: Susan Anita Baker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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ABSTRACT: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among African American men, and African American men have the highest incidence of prostate cancer in the world. Limited studies have been conducted that address this critical issue. Existing literature reveals that the primary cause of increased mortality rates of prostate cancer in African American men is lack of participation in prostate cancer screening activities. The purpose of this three-phase study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument to measure prostate cancer screening intention among African American men. Three gender-specific focus groups were conducted in the first phase of the study. Twenty men from two north Florida churches participated in the focus groups. Eight dominant themes emerged from the focus groups and were utilized to develop the items for the intention instrument: fear, healthy lifestyle, hopelessness/helplessness, machismo, mistrust of healthcare providers, social/familial support, job requirements and transportation barriers. The second and third phases of the study consisted of development of the instrument and assessment of the instrument for validity and reliability. The Cancer Screening Intention Scale-Prostate (CSIS-P) consists of 43 items and was developed utilizing the results of the focus groups. The reading level of the CSIS-P was 5.6 utilizing the Flesch-Kincaid index and 7.0 utilizing the SMOG Readability Formula. The CSIS-P was assessed for content validity by a panel of oncology experts. The content validity index for the scale was .90 and internal consistency was found to be .92. The CSIS-P was evaluated for construct validity utilizing factor analysis techniques. Test-retest procedures were also conducted to assess stability of the CSIS-P and the reliability coefficient was .93. Factor analysis techniques demonstrated a three-structure model. The factors that emerged were benefits to prostate cancer screening, barriers to prostate cancer screening, and health promotion. The internal consistency of the three factors were found to be .88, .81, and .86 respectively. Factor analysis procedures reduced the CSIS-P to a 17-item scale. The CSIS-P is a parsimonious, culturally sensitive instrument that is valid and reliable in assessing prostate cancer screening intention. Recommendations for future study of the instrument include replication of the study with a more heterogeneous sample and utilization of the scale with other cancers.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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The study aims were to: (1) use a randomized trial to evaluate an ongoing innovative intervention designed to facilitate screening adherence among African American men aged 55(+) years in the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial and (2) develop a survey to assess perceptions of cancer screening among African American men. No statistically significant differences were found in age, education or income between the intervention (n=301) and control (n=300) groups. A total of 9,949 calls have been made to intervention group participants to address competing needs preventing screening adherence. Survey items found through a literature search were placed into the Preventive Health Model framework. Two focus groups were held to evaluate the developing survey. Focus group results show cognitive/psychological factors of fear and anxiety regarding cancer diagnosis and lack of knowledge about screening tests and benefits. Wives and children were cited as the most important social support and influence persons affecting screening behavior. Programmatic/systemic screening-related factors included a trusted health care provider and health insurance. A final survey was developed. Abstracts were submitted for presentation at two national meetings. Study findings could help African American men benefit from participation in prostate cancer research.
