The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities Proposed Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Technological Innovation Data Oslo Manual PDF Download
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Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264192263
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 93
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Book Description
The Oslo Manual is the foremost international source of guidelines for the collection and use of data on innovation activities in industry.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264192263
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 93
Get Book Here
Book Description
The Oslo Manual is the foremost international source of guidelines for the collection and use of data on innovation activities in industry.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264304606
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
What is innovation and how should it be measured? Understanding the scale of innovation activities, the characteristics of innovative firms and the internal and systemic factors that can influence innovation is a prerequisite for the pursuit and analysis of policies aimed at fostering innovation.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264013105
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
This book is the foremost international source of guidelines for the collection and use of data on innovation activities in industry.
Author:
Publisher: Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
This publication is the foremost international source of guidelines for the collection and use of data on innovation activities in industry. This third edition has been updated to take account of the progress made in understanding the innovation process, the experience gained from the previous round of innovation surveys, the extension of the field of investigation to other sectors of industry and the latest revisions of international standard classifications.--Publisher's summary.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264239014
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Book Description
The internationally recognised methodology for collecting and using R&D statistics, the OECD's Frascati Manual is an essential tool for statisticians and science and innovation policy makers worldwide. It includes definitions of basic concepts, data collection guidelines, and classifications ...
Author: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN:
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 134
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Book Description
The ability to determine the scale of innovation activities, the characteristics of innovating firms, and the internal and systemic factors that can influence innovation is a prerequisite for the pursuit and analysis of policies aimed at fostering technological innovation. The Oslo Manual, issued in 1997, is the foremost international source of guidelines for the collection and use of data on innovation activities in industry. This second edition has been updated to take account of the progress made in understanding the innovation process, the experience gained from the previous round of innovation surveys, the extension of the field of investigation to other sectors of industry and the latest revisions of international standard classifications.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264199047
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
The internationally recognized methodology for collecting and using R&D statistics, the Frascati Manual is an essential tool for statisticians worldwide. It includes definitions of basic concepts, data collection guidelines, and classifications for ...
Author: Organització de Cooperació i Desenvolupament Econòmic. Statistical Office of the European Communities
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
Author: Eric Von Hippel
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262035219
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
A leading innovation scholar explains the growing phenomenon and impact of free innovation, in which innovations developed by consumers and given away “for free.” In this book, Eric von Hippel, author of the influential Democratizing Innovation, integrates new theory and research findings into the framework of a “free innovation paradigm.” Free innovation, as he defines it, involves innovations developed by consumers who are self-rewarded for their efforts, and who give their designs away “for free.” It is an inherently simple grassroots innovation process, unencumbered by compensated transactions and intellectual property rights. Free innovation is already widespread in national economies and is steadily increasing in both scale and scope. Today, tens of millions of consumers are collectively spending tens of billions of dollars annually on innovation development. However, because free innovations are developed during consumers' unpaid, discretionary time and are given away rather than sold, their collective impact and value have until very recently been hidden from view. This has caused researchers, governments, and firms to focus too much on the Schumpeterian idea of innovation as a producer-dominated activity. Free innovation has both advantages and drawbacks. Because free innovators are self-rewarded by such factors as personal utility, learning, and fun, they often pioneer new areas before producers see commercial potential. At the same time, because they give away their innovations, free innovators generally have very little incentive to invest in diffusing what they create, which reduces the social value of their efforts. The best solution, von Hippel and his colleagues argue, is a division of labor between free innovators and producers, enabling each to do what they do best. The result will be both increased producer profits and increased social welfare—a gain for all.
Author: Xavier Cirera
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464811849
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
Since Schumpeter, economists have argued that vast productivity gains can be achieved by investing in innovation and technological catch-up. Yet, as this volume documents, developing country firms and governments invest little to realize this potential, which dwarfs international aid flows.Using new data and original analytics, the authors uncover the key to this innovation paradox in the lack of complementary physical and human capital factors, particularly firm managerial capabilities, that are needed to reap the returns to innovation investments. Hence, countries need to rebalance policy away from R and D-centered initiatives – which are likely to fail in the absence of sophisticated private sector partners – toward building firm capabilities, and embrace an expanded concept of the National Innovation System that incorporates a broader range of market and systemic failures. The authors offer guidance on how to navigate the resulting innovation policy dilemma: as the need to redress these additional failures increases with distance from the frontier, government capabilities to formulate and implement the policy mix become weaker. This book is the first volume of the World Bank Productivity Project, which seeks to bring frontier thinking on the measurement and determinants of productivity to global policy makers.
