Author: Sy Cheatham
Publisher: Outskirts Press
ISBN: 9781478719274
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 100
Book Description
This stunning reference book is the culmination of thirteen years of study under Grandmaster Myung Seok Seo, my teacher. This book covers eleven forms from first dan to second dan midnight blue belt and includes photographs and detailed instructions of each movement. This book offers an easy to learn method which everyone can benefit from, while at the same time, increasing your knowledge of the more exotic forms of Tang Soo Do.
The Lost Forms of Tang Soo Do
Author: Sy Cheatham
Publisher: Outskirts Press
ISBN: 9781478719274
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 100
Book Description
This stunning reference book is the culmination of thirteen years of study under Grandmaster Myung Seok Seo, my teacher. This book covers eleven forms from first dan to second dan midnight blue belt and includes photographs and detailed instructions of each movement. This book offers an easy to learn method which everyone can benefit from, while at the same time, increasing your knowledge of the more exotic forms of Tang Soo Do.
Publisher: Outskirts Press
ISBN: 9781478719274
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 100
Book Description
This stunning reference book is the culmination of thirteen years of study under Grandmaster Myung Seok Seo, my teacher. This book covers eleven forms from first dan to second dan midnight blue belt and includes photographs and detailed instructions of each movement. This book offers an easy to learn method which everyone can benefit from, while at the same time, increasing your knowledge of the more exotic forms of Tang Soo Do.
Tang Soo Do Korean Empty Hand Self-Defense Book of Hyungs
Author: Len Losik
Publisher: Sanlen Enterprises
ISBN: 9780966117974
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 374
Book Description
Tang Soo Do Korean Empty Hand Self-Defense Complete Book of Hyungs includes step-by-step written instructions and drawings for learning the 25 Tang Soo Do Hyungs including: Kee Cho Il Bu, Kee Cho E Bu, Kee Cho Sum Bu, Pyung Cho Dan, Pyung Ahn E Dan, Pyung Ahn Sum Dan, Pyung Sa Dan, Pyung Oh Dan, Nai Hanji Cho Dan, Nai Hanji E Dan, Nai Hanji Sum Dan, Bassai Cho, Bassai Dai, Jiin, Ship Sum (Sip Soo), Jion, Ginto, Jitti, Wang Shu, Kang Sang Koon So, Kang Sang Koon Dai, O Sip Sa Bo Dai, Tae Kuek Kwan So, Tae Keuk Kwon Dai and Sojin. Also included is a unique history of Tang Soo Do, the relationship between each Hyung and it's symbol (usually an animal), the importance to Tang Soo Do as taught by the early Korean Kwans and a definition of the Korean Kwan leaders. All the early minor and major Kwans and the Kwan creators and their styles taught at each Kwan is included. Almost 1000 new drawings have been added for the reader to better understand each step of each Hyung. Each drawing is numbered and matches with a numbered written instruction. Line drawings are included matching Hyung movements and directions of motion for each of step of the Hyung providing a high level perspective drawing of the area a practitioner moves through as he executes each Hyung. These diagrams allows the practitioner to see the Hyung in several perspectives to better understand what the creator had intended. It also includes is a matrix for correlating the Korean Hyungs to its Japanese and Okinawan Kata counterpart illustrating which ones are the same or similar. An East-West chronology included illustrates the development of Korean Martial Arts to events around the world and over centuries. The book is to be used only as a learning aid to supplement the formal instructions from a Black Belt Tang Soo Do Instructor. These aids are not intended to replace an Instructor nor to be used to learn the Hyungs before an Instructor decides a student is ready to do so
Publisher: Sanlen Enterprises
ISBN: 9780966117974
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 374
Book Description
Tang Soo Do Korean Empty Hand Self-Defense Complete Book of Hyungs includes step-by-step written instructions and drawings for learning the 25 Tang Soo Do Hyungs including: Kee Cho Il Bu, Kee Cho E Bu, Kee Cho Sum Bu, Pyung Cho Dan, Pyung Ahn E Dan, Pyung Ahn Sum Dan, Pyung Sa Dan, Pyung Oh Dan, Nai Hanji Cho Dan, Nai Hanji E Dan, Nai Hanji Sum Dan, Bassai Cho, Bassai Dai, Jiin, Ship Sum (Sip Soo), Jion, Ginto, Jitti, Wang Shu, Kang Sang Koon So, Kang Sang Koon Dai, O Sip Sa Bo Dai, Tae Kuek Kwan So, Tae Keuk Kwon Dai and Sojin. Also included is a unique history of Tang Soo Do, the relationship between each Hyung and it's symbol (usually an animal), the importance to Tang Soo Do as taught by the early Korean Kwans and a definition of the Korean Kwan leaders. All the early minor and major Kwans and the Kwan creators and their styles taught at each Kwan is included. Almost 1000 new drawings have been added for the reader to better understand each step of each Hyung. Each drawing is numbered and matches with a numbered written instruction. Line drawings are included matching Hyung movements and directions of motion for each of step of the Hyung providing a high level perspective drawing of the area a practitioner moves through as he executes each Hyung. These diagrams allows the practitioner to see the Hyung in several perspectives to better understand what the creator had intended. It also includes is a matrix for correlating the Korean Hyungs to its Japanese and Okinawan Kata counterpart illustrating which ones are the same or similar. An East-West chronology included illustrates the development of Korean Martial Arts to events around the world and over centuries. The book is to be used only as a learning aid to supplement the formal instructions from a Black Belt Tang Soo Do Instructor. These aids are not intended to replace an Instructor nor to be used to learn the Hyungs before an Instructor decides a student is ready to do so
Complete Tang Soo Do Manual
Author: Grandmaster Ho Sik Pak
Publisher: High Mountain Pub
ISBN: 9780971860919
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 293
Book Description
The bestseller Complete Tang Soo Do Manual series represent Grand Master Ho Sik Pak's 37 years of experience in the art of Tang Soo Do and other martial arts styles. Volume 1 contains over 1,500 photographs describing fundamentals needed to progress from 10th Gup White Belt to 1st Dan Black Belt. Volume 2 is a full colour 296 pages book with over 2,000 photographs covering techniques from 2nd Dan to 6th Dan Black Belt. The Complete Tang Soo Do Manual series includes for the first time a total of 5 Chil Sung Hyungs (forms). Volume 2 includes chapters on history, teaching, running a Dojang, the most complete Tang Soo Do lineage ever published and much more. Grand Master Ho Sik Pak travelled to Korea twice to meet with senior Moo Duk Kwan Masters, research Tang Soo Do history and lineage, and practice advanced Hyungs and techniques from other Grand Masters. The requirements chapters include step by step photos of the Forms (14 total), Self-Defense (Wooden Knife, Short Stick, Sword, Knife and Gun), Breaking, Sparring and Endurance for each Dan level. As a bonus chapter Grand Master Pak included the Healing Form. He created this form in 2000. Practice of this form increases the flow of oxygen to the body, develops your chi and promotes healing. Volume 2 is the 1st Full Color Tang Soo Do book. Pictures were shot against beautiful backgrounds in Korea, New Zealand, Hawaii, and across the USA to create a book that not only teaches but inspires. This is a book for every serious martial artist, regardless of style!
Publisher: High Mountain Pub
ISBN: 9780971860919
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 293
Book Description
The bestseller Complete Tang Soo Do Manual series represent Grand Master Ho Sik Pak's 37 years of experience in the art of Tang Soo Do and other martial arts styles. Volume 1 contains over 1,500 photographs describing fundamentals needed to progress from 10th Gup White Belt to 1st Dan Black Belt. Volume 2 is a full colour 296 pages book with over 2,000 photographs covering techniques from 2nd Dan to 6th Dan Black Belt. The Complete Tang Soo Do Manual series includes for the first time a total of 5 Chil Sung Hyungs (forms). Volume 2 includes chapters on history, teaching, running a Dojang, the most complete Tang Soo Do lineage ever published and much more. Grand Master Ho Sik Pak travelled to Korea twice to meet with senior Moo Duk Kwan Masters, research Tang Soo Do history and lineage, and practice advanced Hyungs and techniques from other Grand Masters. The requirements chapters include step by step photos of the Forms (14 total), Self-Defense (Wooden Knife, Short Stick, Sword, Knife and Gun), Breaking, Sparring and Endurance for each Dan level. As a bonus chapter Grand Master Pak included the Healing Form. He created this form in 2000. Practice of this form increases the flow of oxygen to the body, develops your chi and promotes healing. Volume 2 is the 1st Full Color Tang Soo Do book. Pictures were shot against beautiful backgrounds in Korea, New Zealand, Hawaii, and across the USA to create a book that not only teaches but inspires. This is a book for every serious martial artist, regardless of style!
A Killing Art
Author: Gillis, Alex
Publisher: ECW Press
ISBN: 1770906959
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 362
Book Description
The eagerly anticipated updated return of a bestselling martial arts classic The leaders of Tae Kwon Do, an Olympic sport and one of the worldÍs most popular martial arts, are fond of saying that their art is ancient and filled with old dynasties and superhuman feats. In fact, Tae Kwon Do is as full of lies as it is powerful techniques. Since its rough beginnings in the Korean military 60 years ago, the art empowered individuals and nations, but its leaders too often hid the painful truths that led to that empowerment „ the gangsters, secret-service agents, and dictators who encouraged cheating, corruption, and murder. A Killing Art: The Untold History of Tae Kwon Do takes you into the cults, geisha houses, and crime syndicates that made Tae Kwon Do. It shows how, in the end, a few key leaders kept the art clean and turned it into an empowering art for tens of millions of people in more than 150 countries. A Killing Art is part history and part biography „ and a wild ride to enlightenment. This new and revised edition of the bestselling book contains previously unnamed sources and updated chapters.
Publisher: ECW Press
ISBN: 1770906959
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 362
Book Description
The eagerly anticipated updated return of a bestselling martial arts classic The leaders of Tae Kwon Do, an Olympic sport and one of the worldÍs most popular martial arts, are fond of saying that their art is ancient and filled with old dynasties and superhuman feats. In fact, Tae Kwon Do is as full of lies as it is powerful techniques. Since its rough beginnings in the Korean military 60 years ago, the art empowered individuals and nations, but its leaders too often hid the painful truths that led to that empowerment „ the gangsters, secret-service agents, and dictators who encouraged cheating, corruption, and murder. A Killing Art: The Untold History of Tae Kwon Do takes you into the cults, geisha houses, and crime syndicates that made Tae Kwon Do. It shows how, in the end, a few key leaders kept the art clean and turned it into an empowering art for tens of millions of people in more than 150 countries. A Killing Art is part history and part biography „ and a wild ride to enlightenment. This new and revised edition of the bestselling book contains previously unnamed sources and updated chapters.
Tang Soo (Soo Bahk) Do Moo Duk Kwan
Author: Hwang Kee
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780963135865
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 592
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780963135865
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 592
Book Description
Crying in H Mart
Author: Michelle Zauner
Publisher: Vintage
ISBN: 0525657754
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 257
Book Description
#1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • From the indie rock sensation known as Japanese Breakfast, an unforgettable memoir about family, food, grief, love, and growing up Korean American—“in losing her mother and cooking to bring her back to life, Zauner became herself” (NPR). • CELEBRATING OVER ONE YEAR ON THE NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER LIST In this exquisite story of family, food, grief, and endurance, Michelle Zauner proves herself far more than a dazzling singer, songwriter, and guitarist. With humor and heart, she tells of growing up one of the few Asian American kids at her school in Eugene, Oregon; of struggling with her mother's particular, high expectations of her; of a painful adolescence; of treasured months spent in her grandmother's tiny apartment in Seoul, where she and her mother would bond, late at night, over heaping plates of food. As she grew up, moving to the East Coast for college, finding work in the restaurant industry, and performing gigs with her fledgling band--and meeting the man who would become her husband--her Koreanness began to feel ever more distant, even as she found the life she wanted to live. It was her mother's diagnosis of terminal cancer, when Michelle was twenty-five, that forced a reckoning with her identity and brought her to reclaim the gifts of taste, language, and history her mother had given her. Vivacious and plainspoken, lyrical and honest, Zauner's voice is as radiantly alive on the page as it is onstage. Rich with intimate anecdotes that will resonate widely, and complete with family photos, Crying in H Mart is a book to cherish, share, and reread.
Publisher: Vintage
ISBN: 0525657754
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 257
Book Description
#1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • From the indie rock sensation known as Japanese Breakfast, an unforgettable memoir about family, food, grief, love, and growing up Korean American—“in losing her mother and cooking to bring her back to life, Zauner became herself” (NPR). • CELEBRATING OVER ONE YEAR ON THE NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER LIST In this exquisite story of family, food, grief, and endurance, Michelle Zauner proves herself far more than a dazzling singer, songwriter, and guitarist. With humor and heart, she tells of growing up one of the few Asian American kids at her school in Eugene, Oregon; of struggling with her mother's particular, high expectations of her; of a painful adolescence; of treasured months spent in her grandmother's tiny apartment in Seoul, where she and her mother would bond, late at night, over heaping plates of food. As she grew up, moving to the East Coast for college, finding work in the restaurant industry, and performing gigs with her fledgling band--and meeting the man who would become her husband--her Koreanness began to feel ever more distant, even as she found the life she wanted to live. It was her mother's diagnosis of terminal cancer, when Michelle was twenty-five, that forced a reckoning with her identity and brought her to reclaim the gifts of taste, language, and history her mother had given her. Vivacious and plainspoken, lyrical and honest, Zauner's voice is as radiantly alive on the page as it is onstage. Rich with intimate anecdotes that will resonate widely, and complete with family photos, Crying in H Mart is a book to cherish, share, and reread.
Taekkyeon
Author: Len Losik Ph D
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781687675873
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 210
Book Description
Taekkyeon is an authentic and completely Korean fighting art (often confused as a martial art) that was developed by the people on the Korean peninsula 1500 years ago when the Tang military from across its border with what we call China today, assisted in Silla's defense and thremained in the Silla Kingdom in the 5th century. Taekkyeon players did not adopted the word "Do" because the word "Do" was from the Japanese who added the sophisticated, philosophical aspects of Bushido to Okinawa's Karate and without the addition of the word "Do" to Taekkyeon, Taekkyeon instructors did not purport to improve the personal growth of Taekkyeon players as is done in martial arts that have added the word "Do". Taekkyeon as a modern day fighting art can be considered to be purely Korean in all aspects and not a martial art. In the 5th century, Taekkyeon was practiced by the ruling classes and from the 9th to 12th century and became very popular, even among the common people. According to a Korean history book written in the 15th century, Taekkyeon was widely encouraged and practiced by everyone from the King himself to locals. This interest continued until the early Chosan Dynasty. But as the society moved toward a system that encouraged education and literary pursuits and discouraged military pursuits, the practice of Taekkyeon greatly declined. By the 14 century, Taekkyeon was considered a folk dance rather than a fighting art. During the Japanese colonial period, Taekkyeon was banned and nearly vanished. Fortunately Song Duk-ki (1893-1987) the only known player of Taekkyeon in the 19th and 20th centuries as a student, player and referee and through his work, preserved the art and handed it down to modern day players. After the independence of Korea, the practice of Taekkyeon became considerably less popular than the many new Korean martial arts styles with their focus on student growth and personal development rather than becoming a better fighter. The establishment of Taekwondo after the Korean War and its subsequent popularity as an Olympic sport with direct ties to taekkyeon for many of its more demanding technques served to further overshadow the practice of Taekkyeon. Today's Tekkyeon players execute amazing precision and complex techniques that are unrivaled in both the fighting arts and martial arts. Taekkyeon began to rise in popularity again in the early 1980s. It was designated by the Korean government and UNESCO as Important Intangible Cultural Asset No. 76 on June 1, 1983 owing to the extensive efforts by Shin Han-seung (1928-1987), who learned Taekkyeon from Song Duk-ki. After the death of both masters, Lee Yong-bok, who learned Taekkyon from these two masters in 1984, established the Korea Traditional Taekkyon Institute to revive Taekkyon. Through his efforts, a resurgence in Taekkyeon practice resulted and on June 30, 1985, the first Taekkyeon game in 80 years took place in Kooduk stadium, Pusan. The author has included a year by year history of events that caused the colonization of Korea, the reason for the decline in interest in everything Korean and the development of modern Taekkyeon using modern techniques and many dozens of photos for learning the new techniques and those used in the new Yondan Shippal Soo (4th Dan 8 Hnads) Hyung/Form that was added to reduce the likelihood of Taekkyeon being lost again. The author includes a huge Taekkyeon modern terminology in English, Hangul and Sino-Chinese, an exhaustive bibliography, Glossary and Index all for the readers convenience. The author also includes the work of Grandmaster Hwang Kee founder of the Moo Dyuk Kwan to resurrect Subak another lost fighting art and the instructions for learning the Subak's new Chil Sang Hyungs created by Grandmaster Hwang Kee based on the information in the book titled, Moo Yei Do Bo Tong Ji that he discovered in 1957 and worked for decades to get the Korean government to accept for Korea's national martial art and Olympic sport.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781687675873
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 210
Book Description
Taekkyeon is an authentic and completely Korean fighting art (often confused as a martial art) that was developed by the people on the Korean peninsula 1500 years ago when the Tang military from across its border with what we call China today, assisted in Silla's defense and thremained in the Silla Kingdom in the 5th century. Taekkyeon players did not adopted the word "Do" because the word "Do" was from the Japanese who added the sophisticated, philosophical aspects of Bushido to Okinawa's Karate and without the addition of the word "Do" to Taekkyeon, Taekkyeon instructors did not purport to improve the personal growth of Taekkyeon players as is done in martial arts that have added the word "Do". Taekkyeon as a modern day fighting art can be considered to be purely Korean in all aspects and not a martial art. In the 5th century, Taekkyeon was practiced by the ruling classes and from the 9th to 12th century and became very popular, even among the common people. According to a Korean history book written in the 15th century, Taekkyeon was widely encouraged and practiced by everyone from the King himself to locals. This interest continued until the early Chosan Dynasty. But as the society moved toward a system that encouraged education and literary pursuits and discouraged military pursuits, the practice of Taekkyeon greatly declined. By the 14 century, Taekkyeon was considered a folk dance rather than a fighting art. During the Japanese colonial period, Taekkyeon was banned and nearly vanished. Fortunately Song Duk-ki (1893-1987) the only known player of Taekkyeon in the 19th and 20th centuries as a student, player and referee and through his work, preserved the art and handed it down to modern day players. After the independence of Korea, the practice of Taekkyeon became considerably less popular than the many new Korean martial arts styles with their focus on student growth and personal development rather than becoming a better fighter. The establishment of Taekwondo after the Korean War and its subsequent popularity as an Olympic sport with direct ties to taekkyeon for many of its more demanding technques served to further overshadow the practice of Taekkyeon. Today's Tekkyeon players execute amazing precision and complex techniques that are unrivaled in both the fighting arts and martial arts. Taekkyeon began to rise in popularity again in the early 1980s. It was designated by the Korean government and UNESCO as Important Intangible Cultural Asset No. 76 on June 1, 1983 owing to the extensive efforts by Shin Han-seung (1928-1987), who learned Taekkyeon from Song Duk-ki. After the death of both masters, Lee Yong-bok, who learned Taekkyon from these two masters in 1984, established the Korea Traditional Taekkyon Institute to revive Taekkyon. Through his efforts, a resurgence in Taekkyeon practice resulted and on June 30, 1985, the first Taekkyeon game in 80 years took place in Kooduk stadium, Pusan. The author has included a year by year history of events that caused the colonization of Korea, the reason for the decline in interest in everything Korean and the development of modern Taekkyeon using modern techniques and many dozens of photos for learning the new techniques and those used in the new Yondan Shippal Soo (4th Dan 8 Hnads) Hyung/Form that was added to reduce the likelihood of Taekkyeon being lost again. The author includes a huge Taekkyeon modern terminology in English, Hangul and Sino-Chinese, an exhaustive bibliography, Glossary and Index all for the readers convenience. The author also includes the work of Grandmaster Hwang Kee founder of the Moo Dyuk Kwan to resurrect Subak another lost fighting art and the instructions for learning the Subak's new Chil Sang Hyungs created by Grandmaster Hwang Kee based on the information in the book titled, Moo Yei Do Bo Tong Ji that he discovered in 1957 and worked for decades to get the Korean government to accept for Korea's national martial art and Olympic sport.
Muye Dobo Tongji
Author: Chŏngjo ((Roi de Corée ;)
Publisher: Turtle Press
ISBN: 9781880336489
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 404
Book Description
In 1789, King Chongjo, ruler of the Yi dynasty, ordered General Yi Duk-moo to compile an official textbook on all martial art forms then present in Korea to preserve them for future generations. The result, the Muye Dobo Tongji, is the only surviving classical text on the Korean arts of war. Based on the earliest known Korean martial arts treatise, the Muye Chebo written in 1599, the Muye Dobo Tongji clearly shows the influence of the neighbouring Japanese and Chinese armies. Through hundreds of wars and invasions, Korean soldiers adapted battlefield skills and tactics from their enemies, creating a unique system of their own. Organised into 24 distinct disciplines comprised of empty hand fighting, weaponry and horsemanship, this book is an accurate historical snapshot of the warrior arts of the hermit kingdom in the late 18th century. The release of 'The Comprehensive Illustrated Manual of Martial Arts of Ancient Korea' marks the first time this volume is available in English. Carefully translated from the original text and illustrated with reproductions of ancient woodblock carvings, this book provides fascinating insights into Korea's martial arts legacy.
Publisher: Turtle Press
ISBN: 9781880336489
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 404
Book Description
In 1789, King Chongjo, ruler of the Yi dynasty, ordered General Yi Duk-moo to compile an official textbook on all martial art forms then present in Korea to preserve them for future generations. The result, the Muye Dobo Tongji, is the only surviving classical text on the Korean arts of war. Based on the earliest known Korean martial arts treatise, the Muye Chebo written in 1599, the Muye Dobo Tongji clearly shows the influence of the neighbouring Japanese and Chinese armies. Through hundreds of wars and invasions, Korean soldiers adapted battlefield skills and tactics from their enemies, creating a unique system of their own. Organised into 24 distinct disciplines comprised of empty hand fighting, weaponry and horsemanship, this book is an accurate historical snapshot of the warrior arts of the hermit kingdom in the late 18th century. The release of 'The Comprehensive Illustrated Manual of Martial Arts of Ancient Korea' marks the first time this volume is available in English. Carefully translated from the original text and illustrated with reproductions of ancient woodblock carvings, this book provides fascinating insights into Korea's martial arts legacy.
Tang Soo Do
Author: Kang U. Lee
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780865681705
Category : Hand-to-hand fighting, Oriental
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
This reference book is the result of eight years of research into the history and methods of Tang Soo Do. This is the only work to present all 19 Tang Soo Do forms from white belt to black belt (fourth dan master grade). Each move of every form is explained in detail.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780865681705
Category : Hand-to-hand fighting, Oriental
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
This reference book is the result of eight years of research into the history and methods of Tang Soo Do. This is the only work to present all 19 Tang Soo Do forms from white belt to black belt (fourth dan master grade). Each move of every form is explained in detail.
The Taegeuk Cipher
Author: O'Neill Simon John
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1409226026
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 246
Book Description
An analysis of the Taegeuk patterns of Kukki Taekwondo, discussing the context of their creation, realistic applications for practical self-defence including grappling and close-range striking, and the development of a pattern-based self-defence syllabus.
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1409226026
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 246
Book Description
An analysis of the Taegeuk patterns of Kukki Taekwondo, discussing the context of their creation, realistic applications for practical self-defence including grappling and close-range striking, and the development of a pattern-based self-defence syllabus.