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Author: Mikael Lindahl
Publisher:
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Mikael Lindahl
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Daniele Checchi
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139449370
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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In an important contribution to educational policy, Daniele Checchi offers an economic perspective on the demand and supply of education. He explores the reasons why, beyond a certain point, investment in education has not resulted in reductions in social inequalities. Starting with the seminal work of Gary Becker, Checchi provides an extensive survey of the literature on human capital and social capital formation. He draws on individual data on intergenerational transmission of income and education for the USA, Germany and Italy, as well as aggregate data on income and educational inequality for a much wider range of countries. Checchi explores whether resources spent in education are effective in raising students' achievement, as well as analysing alternative ways of financing education. The Economics of Education thus provides the analytical tools necessary to understand the complex relationships between current income inequality, access to education and future inequality.
Author: Adrian Adermon
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Miles Corak
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9781139455763
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Labour markets in North America and Europe have changed tremendously in the face of increased globalisation and technical progress, raising important challenges for policy makers concerned with equality of opportunity. This book examines the influence of both changes in income inequality and of social policies on the degree to which economic advantage is passed on between parents and children in the rich countries. Standard theoretical models of generational dynamics are extended to examine generational income and earnings mobility over time and across space. Over twenty contributors from North America and Europe offer comparable estimates of the degree of mobility, changes in mobility, and the impact of government policy. In so doing, they strengthen the analytical tool kit used in the study of generational mobility, and offer insights for research and directions in dealing with equality of opportunity and child poverty.
Author: Manuel Toledo
Publisher:
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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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This paper studies the intergenerational persistence of work hours. In particular, I look at the correlation of hours between fathers and sons in the U.S. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I nd a strong persistence in the permanent component of hours worked. I investigate the extent this correlation is explained by (i) persistence in wages, (ii) correlation in leisure preferences, and (iii) intergenerational wealth transfers. I also examine the role of work e ort on the transmission of earnings across generations. To this end I provide a quantitative model of intergenerational transmission of human capital and wealth.
Author: Timothy Smeeding
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN: 1610447549
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Americans like to believe that theirs is the land of opportunity, but the hard facts are that children born into poor families in the United States tend to stay poor and children born into wealthy families generally stay rich. Other countries have shown more success at lessening the effects of inequality on mobility—possibly by making public investments in education, health, and family well-being that offset the private advantages of the wealthy. What can the United States learn from these other countries about how to provide children from disadvantaged backgrounds an equal chance in life? Making comparisons across ten countries, Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting brings together a team of eminent international scholars to examine why advantage and disadvantage persist across generations. The book sheds light on how the social and economic mobility of children differs within and across countries and the impact private family resources, public policies, and social institutions may have on mobility. In what ways do parents pass advantage or disadvantage on to their children? Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting is an expansive exploration of the relationship between parental socioeconomic status and background and the outcomes of their grown children. The authors also address the impact of education and parental financial assistance on mobility. Contributors Miles Corak, Lori Curtis, and Shelley Phipps look at how family economic background influences the outcomes of adult children in the United States and Canada. They find that, despite many cultural similarities between the two countries, Canada has three times the rate of intergenerational mobility as the United States—possibly because Canada makes more public investments in its labor market, health care, and family programs. Jo Blanden and her colleagues explore a number of factors affecting how advantage is transmitted between parents and children in the United States and the United Kingdom, including education, occupation, marriage, and health. They find that despite the two nations having similar rates of intergenerational mobility and social inequality, lack of educational opportunity plays a greater role in limiting U.S. mobility, while the United Kingdom’s deeply rooted social class structure makes it difficult for the disadvantaged to transcend their circumstances. Jane Waldfogel and Elizabeth Washbrook examine cognitive and behavioral school readiness across income groups and find that pre-school age children in both the United States and Britain show substantial income-related gaps in school readiness—driven in part by poorly developed parenting skills among overburdened, low-income families. The authors suggest that the most encouraging policies focus on both school and home interventions, including such measures as increases in federal funding for Head Start programs in the United States, raising pre-school staff qualifications in Britain, and parenting programs in both countries. A significant step forward in the study of intergenerational mobility, Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting demonstrates that the transmission of advantage or disadvantage from one generation to the next varies widely from country to country. This striking finding is a particular cause for concern in the United States, where the persistence of disadvantage remains stubbornly high. But, it provides a reason to hope that by better understanding mobility across the generations abroad, we can find ways to do better at home.
Author: David Brady
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199914052
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 937
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The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty builds a common scholarly ground in the study of poverty by bringing together an international, inter-disciplinary group of scholars to provide their perspectives on the issue. Contributors engage in discussions about the leading theories and conceptual debates regarding poverty, the most salient topics in poverty research, and the far-reaching consequences of poverty on the individual and societal level.
Author: Lutz Hendricks
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Existing studies of the effects of taxation on human capital accumulation are based on models with extreme intergenerational mobility properties. One strand of the literature uses life-cycle models, in which intergenerational mobility is perfect. Another strand relies on models of infinitely lived dynasties, in which intergenerational persistence is perfect. Hendricks (1999a) shows that the predicted tax effects differ in important ways across the two model classes, in large part due to the extreme mobility properties implied by standard infinite horizon and life-cycle models. It is therefore important to study the effects of taxes in environments with realistic intergenerational mobility properties. To this end, this paper develops an overlapping generations model of taxation and human capital accumulation which matches features of the intergenerational transmission of earnings and education estimated from a panel of U.S. workers. The main finding is that abstracting from the intergenerational transmission of human capital, as is typically done in life-cycle models, has little impact on the predicted effects of tax reforms. In contrast, models with extreme degrees of intergenerational persistence, as implicit in infinite horizon models, generate very different outcomes. This finding cautions against the use of infinite horizon models of human capital accumulation.
Author: Brant Abbott
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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We develop and estimate an equilibrium model of geographic variation in the intergenerational elasticity of earnings (IGE). The theory extends the Becker-Tomes model, introducing a production sector in which workers' human capital inputs are complements. In this setting the return to parental human capital investments is lower where skill complementarity is more intense, and this is reflected in less intergenerational persistence. We also show that education subsidies may be more desirable where skill complementarities are stronger, endogenously leading to a negative correlation between progressive public policy and IGE. Using microdata we construct location-specific measures of skill complementarity and document that patterns of geographic variation in IGE are consistent with this hypothesis. Geographic differences in skill complementarity directly account for roughly one fifth of cross-country variation in IGE, and possibly more if one allows for the indirect effect through government expenditure in public education.
Author: Elina Kilpi-Jakonen
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1800888260
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 468
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Book Description
The Research Handbook on Intergenerational Inequality is motivated by a core question in social science: to what extent does one’s family background and childhood experience predict success in life? Bringing together experts in their respective fields from across the globe, this innovative Research Handbook provides a comprehensive multidisciplinary account of the rich research on intergenerational inequality, focusing on its origins in sociology and economics. This title contains one or more Open Access chapters.
