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Author: David Gislason
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
In wild fish populations, harvesting can reduce abundance, alter the distribution of phenotypes and drive changes in life history traits. Changes in maturation that influence adult fecundity are of concern when they reduce the productivity, yield and resilience of a population. Two hypotheses can account for earlier maturation of fish populations in response to harvest: individual compensatory growth responses to relaxed density-dependence and fisheries induced evolution (FIE). Plastic compensatory responses have received less attention in freshwater fish, while most prominent examples of FIE are for marine species. Independent of harvest, maturation may also respond to energy availability and mortality risk, and these may vary more in smaller freshwater compared to larger marine systems. I used 22 years of fisheries independent survey data from Lake Erie to assess the role of harvest on female age and length at maturation in yellow perch (Perca flavescens), walleye (Sander vitreus), white bass (Morone chrysops) and white perch (Morone americana). I asked whether, (i) changes in maturation were likely plastic; (ii) maturation schedule has evolved; and (iii) changes in maturation were more likely related to harvest or to other ecosystem factors. I tested a novel compensatory growth and life history model and found that adult yellow perch abundance was negatively related to harvest, but this had no effect on juvenile growth or on maturation. Nevertheless, the dynamic behaviour of maturation among cohorts strongly suggests plastic life history responses. I compared probabilistic maturation reaction norms for cohorts in the mid-1990s and late 2000s and found little evidence of evolutionary change in yellow perch maturation after accounting for plasticity in life history. Lastly, I evaluated the importance of harvest relative to the effects of large ecosystem scale factors on maturation dynamics for four fish species in Lake Erie. Analyses of compensatory growth and life history revealed no support for an influence of harvest on maturation within or among species. Instead, I found strong evidence of synchronous changes in maturity across species. My findings suggest that the maturation of Lake Erie's fishes is not strongly influenced by recent harvest, but is instead responding to changes in ecosystem conditions.
Author: David Gislason
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
In wild fish populations, harvesting can reduce abundance, alter the distribution of phenotypes and drive changes in life history traits. Changes in maturation that influence adult fecundity are of concern when they reduce the productivity, yield and resilience of a population. Two hypotheses can account for earlier maturation of fish populations in response to harvest: individual compensatory growth responses to relaxed density-dependence and fisheries induced evolution (FIE). Plastic compensatory responses have received less attention in freshwater fish, while most prominent examples of FIE are for marine species. Independent of harvest, maturation may also respond to energy availability and mortality risk, and these may vary more in smaller freshwater compared to larger marine systems. I used 22 years of fisheries independent survey data from Lake Erie to assess the role of harvest on female age and length at maturation in yellow perch (Perca flavescens), walleye (Sander vitreus), white bass (Morone chrysops) and white perch (Morone americana). I asked whether, (i) changes in maturation were likely plastic; (ii) maturation schedule has evolved; and (iii) changes in maturation were more likely related to harvest or to other ecosystem factors. I tested a novel compensatory growth and life history model and found that adult yellow perch abundance was negatively related to harvest, but this had no effect on juvenile growth or on maturation. Nevertheless, the dynamic behaviour of maturation among cohorts strongly suggests plastic life history responses. I compared probabilistic maturation reaction norms for cohorts in the mid-1990s and late 2000s and found little evidence of evolutionary change in yellow perch maturation after accounting for plasticity in life history. Lastly, I evaluated the importance of harvest relative to the effects of large ecosystem scale factors on maturation dynamics for four fish species in Lake Erie. Analyses of compensatory growth and life history revealed no support for an influence of harvest on maturation within or among species. Instead, I found strong evidence of synchronous changes in maturity across species. My findings suggest that the maturation of Lake Erie's fishes is not strongly influenced by recent harvest, but is instead responding to changes in ecosystem conditions.
Author: James S. Diana
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119505747
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 564
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Book Description
Biology and Ecology of Fishes Immerse yourself in the world of fish ecology with the newest edition of this essential introduction The study of fish ecology has traditionally proceeded along two tracks: the first is more basic, concerned with the anatomy, physiology and theoretical ecology of fish, and the second is more practical, concerning itself with fish populations, management, and habitats. Many fish researchers have come to view this distinction as artificial, and to develop a new study of fish that combines both tracks in a single holistic approach. It has never been more critical for introductory textbooks to represent this combined study in order to prepare the next generation of fish biologists and fishery scientists. Biology and Ecology of Fishes meets this need with a textbook that incorporates both biology and population management. Beginning with a general introduction to aquatic life and ecosystems, this book covers anatomical, environmental, and ethological topics to give a thoroughly rounded view of its subject, promising to serve as the fundamental introduction to multidisciplinary fish studies. Readers of the third edition of Biology and Ecology of Fishes will also find: Detailed coverage of subjects including growth and bioenergetics, feeding and predation, mortality and recruitment and more Increased attention to stressors of fish populations and communities New and revised chapters that introduce quantitative methods and present emerging issues facing fish populations and communities Biology and Ecology of Fishes is a useful overview for advanced undergraduate and graduate students studying fish ecology or fishery biology, as well as a reference for researchers and professionals in fish ecology, fish population management, and related fields.
Author: Mackenzie E. Miller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aquaculture
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production sector globally, with freshwater fish making up the majority of aquaculture production today. An important commercial species throughout the Great Lakes with current demand as both a game and food fish, is Yellow perch Perca flavescens. Yellow perch is a species well-suited for commercial aquaculture; however, there are several challenges to perch culture operations that have limited further growth of this species commercially. One challenge is dimorphism for body size in this species; males grow at a much slower rate (30%) and have a shorter life span than females. Another challenge is that the onset of sexual maturity begins before male Yellow perch reach marketable size (100-150g). The combination of dimorphic growth and the early onset of male sexual maturity results in a more rapid growth rate in female Yellow perch than in males. Therefore, traditional mixed-sex stocks of Yellow perch exhibit large size variation, with half of the stock (females) reaching market size significantly earlier than the other half (males). A possible solution to the challenge that Yellow perch sexual dimorphism presents to culture operations is the production of monosex female populations, as all-female stocks would reach market size faster than mixed sex stocks, with lower overall costs. There are several potential methods to produce all-female Yellow perch. This work focused on the development of gynogenesis methods, as well as the evaluation of the efficacy for temperature exposure. Production of Yellow perch gyngoens will directly result in all-female progeny. However, induction of gynogenesis requires application of physical shocks to newly fertilized embryos, which can negatively impact survival and cause deformities. There is the potential for gyngoens to be sex-reversed to phenotypic males (genetic (XX) females capable of producing sperm), which could then be used to produce an all-female generations that has not been exposed to physical shocks. Application of sex hormones has traditionally been used; however, temperature exposure has also shown to have the potential to produce phenotypic males, which can then be used to produce all-female Yellow perch in the next generation. Access to cryopreserved Yellow perch sperm will be crucial to the application of these methods to industry; therefore, we first improved the effectiveness of simple cryopreservation techniques of Yellow perch sperm by examining different cryoprotectants (dimethylsulfoxide [DMSO] versus methanol [MetOH]) utilizing two simple cryopreservation methods, the effect of absence versus presence of seminal plasma, and the effects of UV irradiation on sperm physiology following cryopreservation. Cryopreservation and cryoprotectants were evaluated based on post-thaw motility as well as on fertilization rate, embryonic survival, and hatching rate. We determined that both simple methods with either cryoprotectant in the presence of seminal plasma are efficient to cryopreserve Yellow perch sperm. We also determined based on survival and growth results from the larval rearing experiment that progeny derived from cryopreserved sperm do not experience growth suppression or higher mortality than progeny obtained from fresh control sperm. Results from the cryopreservation of UV irradiated sperm suggests that the combination of UV-irradiation and cryopreservation does not result in lower sperm motility than is expected after UV-irradiation alone, a promising result for future work with cryobanks for female monosex production. We then successfully produced triploid Yellow perch utilizing heat shocks and raised triploid individuals until sexual maturation in order to evaluate their reproductive ability, as well as the viability and performance of resulting progeny. Successful induction of triploidy was an important first step for determining conditions to achieve gynogenesis in Yellow perch. Further, results demonstrate that triploid Yellow perch females possess well-developed ovaries with no reduction, that are highly capable of being fertilized. However, triploid females are sterile, as majority of progeny produced were aneuploids and mass to total mortality was observed before progeny reached juvenile stage. We then utilized this experience with triploidy to begin developing methods of producing Yellow perch gyngoens. Methods of UV-irradiating sperm of Yellow perch and heterologous sperm were also evaluated. Various heat and pressure shock conditions were determined to be effective in restoring diploidy, including a pressure shock of 9,000 psi applied at 5 minutes post fertilization (mpf) for a 10 minute duration and a heat shock of 28-30°C applied at 5 mpf for a 12 minute duration. Unreliable availability of heterologous sperm from wild sources resulted in majority of gynogenesis trials to be conducted utilizing UV-irradiated sperm of Yellow perch. We found high variability in the required doses for full irradiation of sperm from different Yellow perch males, likely due to high and variable sperm concentration and inadequate dilution. As a result, majority of gynogen groups produced by irradiated perch sperm contained normal, diploid individuals produced by non-irradiated sperm fertilizing an egg. However, when heterologous Walleye sperm was used, the resulting gynogen group contained 100% gynogenetic individuals, as hybrids of Walleye and Yellow perch are nonviable. Based on our results, we suggest use of Walleye sperm (diluted 1:10 with extender and UV-irradiated at 7,000-9,000 J/m2) for production of Yellow perch gynogens. We also produced a series of progenies that included all-female, female-biased, male-biased, and mixed-sex cohorts in order to compare the growth and survival between these groups and further define the benefits of mono-sex culture of Yellow perch. We determined that all-female groups grew significantly better than all other groups, and there were no impacts on survival. Therefore, we can conclude that all-female Yellow perch stocks will increase the profitability and efficiency of aquaculture operations. Finally, we conducted an investigation into the influence of temperature on gonad differentiation in Yellow perch. Research has shown that exposure to high temperature during the labile sex determination phase can lead to the masculinization and production of phenotypic males in fishes. Such a mechanism in Yellow perch would provide an alternative, cost-effective method for farmers and industry personnel to produce their own stocks of neomales, which could then be used to produce all-female Yellow perch. We evaluated the effect of high temperature exposure from the time of first exogenous feeding, to the end of sex determination, in two generations of Yellow perch and observed masculinization effect in 6 of the 11 progenies produced in the first generation. The second generation has not yet reached sexual maturation, therefore, sex ratio results for the F2 will be reported in future studies. This collection of studies provides an integrated, comprehensive approach to the production of all-female Yellow perch stocks for increasing Yellow perch aquaculture production and provides highly valuable and novel information to the industry, which will open new avenues for increasing the production of Yellow perch through intensive culture.
Author: John Clay Bruner
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030806782
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Book Description
Walleye, one of the most sought-after species of freshwater sport fishes in North America, has demonstrated appreciable declines in their numbers from their original populations since the beginning of the 20th century. Similarly, Yellow Perch, once the most commonly caught sport fish and an important commercial species in North America, have also shown declines. Compiling up-to-date information on the biology and management of Walleye, Sauger, and Yellow Perch, including research on systematics, genetics, physiology, ecology, movement, population dynamics, culture, recent case histories, and management practices, will be of interest to managers, researchers, and students who deal with these important species, particularly in light of habitat alterations, population shifts, and other biotic and abiotic factors related to a changing climate.
Author: Patrick Kestemont
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9401772274
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 897
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Book Description
This extensive work focuses on an important group of temperate freshwater fish, approaching the topic from the perspectives of both biology and aquaculture. It compiles the latest research on fish belonging to the Percidae family and describes in detail all biological aspects relevant to the culture of different species, including ecology, reproductive physiology, feeding and nutrition, genetics, immunology, stress physiology and behavior. It also considers commercial fish production and fish farming topics, such as protocols for induction of gonad maturation, spawning, incubation and larval rearing. Expert contributors not only provide a critical peer review of scientific literature but also original research data, and identify effective practical techniques. The book features chapters on systematics, ecology and evolution, on development, metabolism and husbandry of early life stages and on growth, metabolism, behavior and husbandry of juvenile and grow-out stages. Furthermore, the authors consider genetic improvement and domestication, as well as diseases and health management, crucial to the readers' understanding of these fish and how they can be cultured. Both researchers of percid fish biology and aquaculture professionals who are considering intensive and pond culture of percid fishes will value this timely and comprehensive handbook.)
Author: Hanping Wang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119127289
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 913
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Book Description
Awarded Bookauthority's "Best Aquaculture Books of all Time" A comprehensive resource that covers all the aspects of sex control in aquaculture written by internationally-acclaimed scientists Comprehensive in scope, Sex Control in Aquaculture first explains the concepts and rationale for sex control in aquaculture, which serves different purposes. The most important are: to produce monosex stocks to rear only the fastest-growing sex in some species, to prevent precocious or uncontrolled reproduction in other species and to aid in broodstock management. The application of sex ratio manipulation for population control and invasive species management is also included. Next, this book provides detailed and updated information on the underlying genetic, epigenetic, endocrine and environmental mechanisms responsible for the establishment of the sexes, and explains chromosome set manipulation techniques, hybridization and the latest gene knockout approaches. Furthermore, the book offers detailed protocols and key summarizing information on how sex control is practiced worldwide in 35 major aquaculture species or groups, including fish and crustaceans, and puts the focus on its application in the aquaculture industry. With contributions from an international panel of leading scientists, Sex Control in Aquaculture will appeal to a large audience: aquaculture/fisheries professionals and students, scientists or biologists working with basic aspects of fish/shrimp biology, growth and reproductive endocrinology, genetics, molecular biology, evolutionary biology, and R&D managers and administrators. This text explores sex control technologies and monosex production of commercially-farmed fish and crustacean species that are highly in demand for aquaculture, to improve feed utilization efficiency, reduce energy consumption for reproduction and eliminate a series of problems caused by mixed sex rearing. Thus, this book: Contains contributions from an international panel of leading scientists and professionals in the field Provides comprehensive coverage of both established and new technologies to control sex ratios that are becoming more necessary to increase productivity in aquaculture Includes detailed coverage of the most effective sex control techniques used in the world's most important commercially-farmed species Sex Control in Aquaculture is the comprehensive resource for understanding the biological rationale, scientific principles and real-world practices in this exciting and expanding field.
Author: Micheal Shawn Allen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 720
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Book Description
"Proceedings of the AFS Southern Division Reservoir Committee symposium "4th North American Reservoir Symposium: Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems" held in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, June 7-9, 2007."
Author: Hanping Wang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119127270
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1969
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Book Description
Awarded Bookauthority's "Best Aquaculture Books of all Time" A comprehensive resource that covers all the aspects of sex control in aquaculture written by internationally-acclaimed scientists Comprehensive in scope, Sex Control in Aquaculture first explains the concepts and rationale for sex control in aquaculture, which serves different purposes. The most important are: to produce monosex stocks to rear only the fastest-growing sex in some species, to prevent precocious or uncontrolled reproduction in other species and to aid in broodstock management. The application of sex ratio manipulation for population control and invasive species management is also included. Next, this book provides detailed and updated information on the underlying genetic, epigenetic, endocrine and environmental mechanisms responsible for the establishment of the sexes, and explains chromosome set manipulation techniques, hybridization and the latest gene knockout approaches. Furthermore, the book offers detailed protocols and key summarizing information on how sex control is practiced worldwide in 35 major aquaculture species or groups, including fish and crustaceans, and puts the focus on its application in the aquaculture industry. With contributions from an international panel of leading scientists, Sex Control in Aquaculture will appeal to a large audience: aquaculture/fisheries professionals and students, scientists or biologists working with basic aspects of fish/shrimp biology, growth and reproductive endocrinology, genetics, molecular biology, evolutionary biology, and R&D managers and administrators. This text explores sex control technologies and monosex production of commercially-farmed fish and crustacean species that are highly in demand for aquaculture, to improve feed utilization efficiency, reduce energy consumption for reproduction and eliminate a series of problems caused by mixed sex rearing. Thus, this book: Contains contributions from an international panel of leading scientists and professionals in the field Provides comprehensive coverage of both established and new technologies to control sex ratios that are becoming more necessary to increase productivity in aquaculture Includes detailed coverage of the most effective sex control techniques used in the world's most important commercially-farmed species Sex Control in Aquaculture is the comprehensive resource for understanding the biological rationale, scientific principles and real-world practices in this exciting and expanding field.
Author: Kevin L. Pope
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000389227
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 483
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Book Description
Harvest of Fish and Wildlife: New Paradigms for Sustainable Management unites experts in wildlife and fishery sciences for an interdisciplinary overview of harvest management. This book presents unique insights for embracing the complete social-ecological system to ensure a sustainable future. It educates users on evolutionary and population dynamics; social and political influences; hunter and angler behavior; decision processes; impacts of regulations; and stakeholder involvement. Features: Written by twenty-four teams of leading scientists and managers. Promotes transparent justification for fishing and hunting regulations. Provides examples for integrating decision making into management. Emphasizes creativity in management by integrating art and science. This book appeals to population biologists, evolutionary biologists and social scientists. It is a key resource for on-the-ground managers and research scientists developing harvesting applications. As the book’s contributors explain: “Making decisions that are robust to uncertainty...is a paradigm shift with a lot of potential to improve outcomes for fish and wildlife populations.” –Andrew Tyre and Brigitte Tenhumberg “Temporal shifts in system states...must somehow be anticipated and dealt with to derive harvest policies that remain optimal in the long term.” –Michael Conroy “Proactive, effective management of sportspersons...will be essential in the new paradigm of harvest management.” –Matthew Gruntorad and Christopher Chizinski
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fishes
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
