The Impact of Risk Factors and Genetic Polymorphism in Metabolic Enzymes on Breast Cancer Risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers and Non-mutation Carriers PDF Download
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Author: Jorunn E. Eyfjord
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
One mutation in each BRCA gene, a BRCA2 founder mutation and a rare BRCAl mutation account for most familial breast cancer in a well defined population. Our previous studies show that the penetrance of the BRCA2 mutation varies greatly, suggesting the involvement of modifying factors, genetic and/or environmental. The study group consists of all women in Iceland who have had breast cancer and are alive at the time of study, their female relatives and age matched controls, estimated 5000 women. Hypotheses tested are that environmental risk factors and genetic variation in metabolic enzymes affect, 1. Penetrance of BRCA mutations 2. Breast cancer risk in the population Hypothesis 1. is studied in women with breast cancer who have a BRCA mutation and mutation carrier relatives without breast cancer. Comparison group are women with breast cancer without BRCA mutations and unaffected mutation negative relatives. Risk factors investigated: Reproductive factors, ionizing radiation, physical exercise, alcohol use, smoking, height and weight. The enzymes investigated affect levels of sex hormones and formation of carcinogenic substances. 2. is studied in 1200 women with breast cancer, representative for breast cancer patients in the population, and 1200 age-matched controls without breast cancer, representative for women without breast cancer.
Author: Jorunn E. Eyfjord
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
One mutation in each BRCA gene, a BRCA2 founder mutation and a rare BRCAl mutation account for most familial breast cancer in a well defined population. Our previous studies show that the penetrance of the BRCA2 mutation varies greatly, suggesting the involvement of modifying factors, genetic and/or environmental. The study group consists of all women in Iceland who have had breast cancer and are alive at the time of study, their female relatives and age matched controls, estimated 5000 women. Hypotheses tested are that environmental risk factors and genetic variation in metabolic enzymes affect, 1. Penetrance of BRCA mutations 2. Breast cancer risk in the population Hypothesis 1. is studied in women with breast cancer who have a BRCA mutation and mutation carrier relatives without breast cancer. Comparison group are women with breast cancer without BRCA mutations and unaffected mutation negative relatives. Risk factors investigated: Reproductive factors, ionizing radiation, physical exercise, alcohol use, smoking, height and weight. The enzymes investigated affect levels of sex hormones and formation of carcinogenic substances. 2. is studied in 1200 women with breast cancer, representative for breast cancer patients in the population, and 1200 age-matched controls without breast cancer, representative for women without breast cancer.
Author: Henry T. Lynch
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849367564
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
This multi-authored book provides a unique accounting of the cancer problem from the standpoint of those primary genetic factors which may be interacting with myriad environmental exposures in cancer etiology. It provides a comprehensive coverage of cancer of all anatomical sites in conjunction with a genetic/environmental thrust. It includes a survey chapter dealing with the role of primary genetic factors in cancer of differing anatomic sites and a similar comprehensive survey chapter tracing the history of epidemiology, with focus upon multiple anatomic sites, including classical epidemiologic cancer models such as cigarette smoking, asbestos, vinyl chloride, and uranium exposure. Chapters are devoted to tumor biomarkers and their applicability to cancer of multiple anatomic sites. Clinical correlation will involve surveillance/management programsand focus on high-risk groups-such as those involving primary genetic or environmental factors and/or their interaction. The development of registries involving families with differing hereditary cancer syndromes are considered. Also, many chapters are devoted to environmental protective measures, as well as the need for more responsibility for coverage of patients at inordinately high risk for cancer by third party carriers. Other chapters address segregation and linkage analysis, oncogenes, cytogenetics, and other biomarkers. This book will be of interest to general clinicians, oncologists, surgeons, geneticists, and carcinogenesis investigators.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cancer
Languages : en
Pages : 998
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Book Description
Author: Adrianne Bendich
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1603275428
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 864
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Book Description
Evidence-based nutritional interventions are now a critical component of preventive medicine, employed in a wide variety of medical scenarios. Preventive Nutrition: A Comprehensive Guide for Health Professionals, Fourth Edition gives health professionals up-to-date, comprehensive reviews that evaluate the dietary practices and interventions that have been shown to reduce disease risk and improve health outcomes. This is the flagship volume for the book series, Nutrition and Health, which has become an essential tool for health professionals. As the state of global health and nutrition have changed much since the publication of the Third Edition, this major revised and expanded Fourth Edition includes newly authored chapters and features analysis of the results of the Women’s Health Initiative, the largest intervention study ever undertaken and completed in postmenopausal women. Other new material includes chapters reviewing the evidence concerning econutrition, micronutrients and major cancers, and cognitive function and other mental health areas. Also discussed are the importance of gastric acid secretions, the nutritional effects of current therapies, and the latest information on the biology of obesity and its relationship to Type 2 diabetes. One key new feature of this edition is a chapter on behavioral strategies to help assure compliance with dietary regimes, maximizing the health benefits of preventive nutrition. The authors have created the most comprehensive and up-to-date review of the nutritional strategies available for the prevention of disease and the promotion of health through nutrition. Patients are looking for credible information from their health care providers about a whole range of subjects covered here, including ß-carotene, lycopene, antioxidants, folate, and the myriad of bioactive phytochemicals found in garlic and other foods. With sections on cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and pregnancy among many others, this volume will be of great value to practicing health professionals, including physicians, nutritionists, dentists, pharmacists, dieticians, health educators, policy makers, health economists, regulatory agencies and research investigators. An entire section covers nutrition transitions around the world including Eastern Europe, Latin America and Asia as well as goals for preventive nutrition in developing countries.
Author: P. Toniolo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
This publication originates from an international workshop which addresses a range of methodological issues underlying the use of biological markers of exposure, biological effects and individual susceptibility in cancer epidemiology. It includes a report of the workshop, with a general discussion and recommendation on epidemiology. a series of peer-reviewed authored contributors provide a more personal view on the most important aspects by key researchers.
Author: Philip J. DiSaia
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323443168
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 893
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Book Description
The most readable, most comprehensive book in its field, Clinical Gynecologic Oncology, 9th Edition is the leading reference for diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic cancers – a must-have reference for improving outcomes and providing effective care. A "who’s who" list of contributing authors, under the editorial direction of Drs. Philip DiSaia and William Creasman, provides expert guidance on clinical presentations and management, now fully up to date with a brand-new design for faster, easier reference. Contains useful appendices covering staging, screening, nutritional therapy, toxicity criteria, blood component therapy, and radiation therapy. Covers hot topics such as multi-panel genetic testing, target therapies, sentinel node concept in endometrial cancer and vulvar cancer, and robotic surgery. Updates include new quick-reference features such as key point boxes with bulleted lists, highlighted key text, enhanced chapter outlines, and a brand-new design throughout. Includes up-to-date references and algorithms, making this text a comprehensive resource for clinical practice, personal study, and exam review. Helps you take advantage of the latest advances in early detection and improved treatment options for gynecologic cancers, especially uterine and cervical cancers.
Author: Harri Vainio
Publisher: IARC
ISBN: 9789283230069
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
Avoiding overweight and obesity is the best-established diet-related risk factor for cancer. The proportion of people who are overweight/obese is increasing, and the amount of physical activity is decreasing in most populations, including urban populations in many developing countries. The increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity is presumably due to the increasing availability of highly palatable, high-energy foods, and an increasing sedentary lifestyle due to mechanisation of both workplace and leisure activities. Overweight/obesity and reduced physical activity increases the risk of cancers in various organs. Maintaining a healthy body weight and regular physical activity is the second most important way to prevent cancer, after tobacco control. The suggestions of possible public health actions to tackle these risk factors include the promotion of balanced diets, which are not excessive in energy, and broad education and planning to enable and encourage physical activity during work and leisure. Recommendations and a full discussion of these topics are included in the sixth volume in this series of Handbooks.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309133815
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
Over the past century, we have made great strides in reducing rates of disease and enhancing people's general health. Public health measures such as sanitation, improved hygiene, and vaccines; reduced hazards in the workplace; new drugs and clinical procedures; and, more recently, a growing understanding of the human genome have each played a role in extending the duration and raising the quality of human life. But research conducted over the past few decades shows us that this progress, much of which was based on investigating one causative factor at a time—often, through a single discipline or by a narrow range of practitioners—can only go so far. Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment examines a number of well-described gene-environment interactions, reviews the state of the science in researching such interactions, and recommends priorities not only for research itself but also for its workforce, resource, and infrastructural needs.
Author: Yusuke Nakamura
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 4431557261
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Book Description
This book proposes immunogenomics, or immunopharmacogenomics, as the next-generation big science to uncover the role that the immune system plays in the pathogenesis of many diseases, by summarizing the importance of the deep sequencing of T-cell and B-cell receptors. Immunogenomics/immunopharmacogenomics, a genetic characterization of the immune system made possible by next-generation sequencing (NGS), will be important for the further understanding of the pathogenesis of various disease conditions. Abnormal immune responses in the body lead to development of autoimmune diseases and food allergies. Rejection of recipient cells and tissues, as well as severe immune reactions to donor cells, is also the result of uncontrolled immune responses in the recipient body. There have been many reports indicating that activated immune responses caused by the interaction of drugs and HLA are present in drug-induced skin hypersensitivity and liver toxicity. The importance of the host immune responses has been recognized in cancer treatments, not only for immunotherapy but also for cytotoxic agents and molecular targeted drugs. Hence, characterization of the T-cell receptor and B-cell receptor repertoire by means of NGS deep sequencing will ultimately make possible the identification of the molecular mechanisms that underlie various diseases and drug responses. In addition, this approach may contribute to the identification of antigens associated with the onset or progression of autoimmune diseases as well as food allergies. Although the germline alterations and somatic mutations have been extensively analyzed, changes or alterations of the immune responses during the course of various disease conditions or during various treatments have not been analyzed. It is also clear that computational analyses to draw meaningful inferences of functional recognition receptors on the immune cells remain a huge challenge.
Author: Andrew P. Yao
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781590339619
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Book Description
Breast cancer is a malignant tumour that has developed from cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that may invade surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body. The disease occurs almost entirely in women, but men can get it as well. The main types of breast cancer are ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma in situ, invasive lobular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, and Paget's disease of the nipple. About 1 of 8 women will get it in her lifetime. This new book presents state-of-the-art research in this fast-moving field.
