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Author: Mr.Benedict J. Clements
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451851480
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
This paper addresses the problems of defining and measuring government subsidies, examines why and how government subsidies are used as a fiscal policy tool, assesses their economic effects, appraises international empirical evidence on government subsidies, and offers options for their reform. Recent international trends in government subsidy expenditure are analyzed for the 16-year period from 1975 to 1990, using general government subsidy data for 60 countries from the System of National Accounts (SNA) and central government expenditure on subsidies and other current transfers for 68 countries from Government Finance Statistics (GFS). The paper reviews major policy options for subsidy reform, focusing on ways to improve the cost-effectiveness of subsidy programs.
Author: Mr.Benedict J. Clements
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451851480
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 58
Get Book Here
Book Description
This paper addresses the problems of defining and measuring government subsidies, examines why and how government subsidies are used as a fiscal policy tool, assesses their economic effects, appraises international empirical evidence on government subsidies, and offers options for their reform. Recent international trends in government subsidy expenditure are analyzed for the 16-year period from 1975 to 1990, using general government subsidy data for 60 countries from the System of National Accounts (SNA) and central government expenditure on subsidies and other current transfers for 68 countries from Government Finance Statistics (GFS). The paper reviews major policy options for subsidy reform, focusing on ways to improve the cost-effectiveness of subsidy programs.
Author: Nachum Finger
Publisher: Greenwood
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
Author: Usha C.V. Haley
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199773742
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
Government subsidies have contributed to China's success as manufacturer and exporter in capital-intensive industries. China's state-capitalist regime uses subsidies to stabilize and create common understandings of markets among governments and firms.
Author: Mr.Carlo A Sdralevich
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1498350437
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries price subsidies are common, especially on food and fuels. However, these are neither well targeted nor cost effective as a social protection tool, often benefiting mainly the better off instead of the poor and vulnerable. This paper explores the challenges of replacing generalized price subsidies with more equitable social safety net instruments, including the short-term inflationary effects, and describes the features of successful subsidy reforms.
Author: Mr.Benedict J. Clements
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484339169
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 390
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Book Description
Energy subsidies are aimed at protecting consumers, however, subsidies aggravate fiscal imbalances, crowd out priority public spending, and depress private investment, including in the energy sector. This book provides the most comprehensive estimates of energy subsidies currently available for 176 countries and an analysis of “how to do” energy subsidy reform, drawing on insights from 22 country case studies undertaken by the IMF staff and analyses carried out by other institutions.
Author: Charlie Pye-Smith
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000753603
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 269
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Book Description
Originally published in 2002, The Subsidy Scandal examines the subsidies spent by governments and the affect this has had on the environment. The book examines industries ranging from agriculture to mining, energy to transport and the subsidies spent on these industries by government. The book argues that these industries have had a negative impact on the environment, often funded through government subsidies derived from public taxes. The book suggests that these subsidies go to those who least need them – frequently to corporations and special interest groups which recycle some of the funds to support the politicians who keep the subsidies going. Based on research in North America, with examples from Europe and elsewhere, the book provides an investigative report into to the money assigned to environmental policies to find out where the money goes and what produces it.
Author: Adedeji Bodunde Badiru
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471284758
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
Conventional public management techniques in industrial management projects are often insufficient because they cannot respond or adapt to the dynamism of modern and global markets. This guide shows how to overcome these problems by using project management techniques that expedite industrial development in regional, national, and global settings. Using real-world examples and a systems approach, the author provides a project management model that accounts for all critical interfaces in industrial development projects. He explores every aspect of project planning and organization, as well as cultural and human resource issues. Key areas discussed include how to: Schedule and control projects Conduct and evaluate project feasibility studies Select a project manager and staff the project Secure the best experts for various project functions Expedite transfer of industrial technology from developed to developing nations Coverage of budgeting and cash-flow analysis promotes understanding of the cost aspects of projects. Readers are shown how to use the Critical Path Method and Program Evaluation and Review Techniques to streamline project scheduling. They also find out how to use learning curve analysis to evaluate project performance. Guidelines on managing multinational projects are supplemented with case studies that illustrate successful industrial development in different countries. Appendices list numerous research, industrial, and economic resources, as well as United Nations information sources. Managing Industrial Development Projects paves the way for successful outcomes in countries that need them most. It is a valuable reference for practitioners, public administrators, and national policy makers, as well as students in industrial engineering, industrial administration, engineering management, and public administration programs.
Author: Commission on American Shipbuilding
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Shipbuilding
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Book Description
Author: United States. Commission on American Shipbuilding
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Shipbuilding
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Author: Linda R. Cohen
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
ISBN: 9780815723684
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 428
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Book Description
American public policy has had a long history of technological optimism. The success of the United States in research and development contributes to this optimism and leads many to assume that there is a technological fix for significant national problems. Since World War II the federal government has been the major supporter of commercial research and development efforts in a wide variety of industries. But how successful are these projects? And equally important, how do economic and policy factors influence performance and are these influences predictable and controllable? Linda Cohen, Roger Noll, and three other economists address these questions while focusing on the importance of R&D to the national economy. They examine the codependency between technological progress and economic growth and explain such matters as why the private sector often fails to fund commercially applicable research adequately and why the government should focus support on some industries and not others. They also analyze political incentives facing officials who enact and implement programs and the subsequent forces affecting decisions to continue, terminate, or redirect them. The central part of this book presents detailed case histories of six programs: the supersonic transport, communications satellites, the space shuttle, the breeder reactor, photovoltaics, and synthetic fuels. The authors conclude with recommendations for program restructuring to minimize the conflict between economic objectives and political constraints.
