The Hidden Costs of Clean Election Reform PDF Download
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Author: Frederic Charles Schaffer
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 9780801441158
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
Schaffer reveals how tinkering with the electoral process, even with the best of intentions, can easily damage democratic ideals.
Author: Frederic Charles Schaffer
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 9780801441158
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
Schaffer reveals how tinkering with the electoral process, even with the best of intentions, can easily damage democratic ideals.
Author: Professor of Political Science Tanisha M Fazal
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190057475
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 257
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Book Description
In Military Medicine and the Hidden Costs of War, the distinguished political scientist Tanisha M. Fazal covers the full range of American wars from the Civil War to War on Terror. A rich and engrossing account of the advances in military medicine, the book shows that over time there has been a steep increase in the wounded-to-killed ratio. That has had a major impact on the actual costs of US wars--as more soldiers survive, health care costs dramatically rise, making the costs of war much greater than politicians say they are. Yet the public is unaware of these long-term costs, which contributes to America's penchant for engaging in so-called "endless wars." All told, this is both a powerful history of American wars through the lens of injury and medicine and also a necessary corrective for how we understand the costs of war.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251382921
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
This background paper to The State of Food and Agriculture 2023 reviews the methods used, as well as the data required, to estimate the hidden environmental, social and health costs associated with agrifood systems. The studies analysed are based on the true cost accounting approach, which can facilitate improved decision-making by policymakers, businesses, farmers, investors and consumers. The reviewed studies demonstrate that hidden costs of agrifood systems are considerable, and that action is needed at global, national and local levels. To apply true cost accounting at the country level, the methods developed must be downscaled and the data limitations overcome. This review goes through each cost category – environmental, social and health – and proposes approaches to deal with them, with a focus on country-level estimates and analysis, especially in data-scarce countries. Where data are not available or time is limited, methods combining secondary data are suggested. In some cases, the suggestion is to collaborate with research centres.The paper further argues that, when addressing hidden costs in agrifood systems, trade-offs may arise, which may require the use of more complex tools, such as partial and general equilibrium models, to analyse their impacts on different areas. In general, the extent of the compromise will be minimized if there are at least as many policy instruments as there are objectives. For example, if a country seeks to restore fish stocks and address rural poverty, restricting catch alone could increase poverty in the artisanal fishing community. Adding income support, however, could allow both objectives to be met.
Author: Marc Lee
Publisher: Canadian Centre Policy Alternatives
ISBN: 088627415X
Category : Collective labor agreements
Languages : en
Pages : 35
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Book Description
Introduction; Prelude to a Wage Cut; The Sample of HEU Workers; Individual and Family Impacts of the Wage Cuts; Organizational Impacts of the Wage Cuts; Conclusion; Appendix A: Survey Questions; Appendix B: Recruitment and Retention of Care Aides; Notes; References.
Author: Mark R. Lepper
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317356748
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
Originally published in 1978, this volume provided a broad survey of the latest research and theory, at the time, concerning the potential detrimental effects of inappropriate uses of tangible rewards to modify behaviour. Overall, this research questions the dominant paradigm within which reinforcers, by definition, have positive effects on performance and subsequent behaviour, and suggests new directions for the study of human motivation. In a series of five original integrative essays, the contributors summarize their own and related research programmes. These theoretical essays are complemented by two introductory chapters, that provide a historical context for this research, and four discussion chapters, that speak to broader issues, including both the implications and limitations of the research presented. At the time, this was the latest information on a most provocative area.
Author: Daniel Start
Publisher: Wild Things Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 0957157371
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 503
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Book Description
The fully revisied second edition of Wild Swimming Coast now includes even more for walkers, swimmers and explorers: Full national coverage of Britain's most beautiful beaches Lagoons, sea caves and amazing places to snorkel. New 1:10,000 Ordnance Survey mapping Best beach cafes, local food, pubs and campsites Where to sea kayak, coasteer and swim with dolphins Best activities with children and families This revised and expanded edition of the best-selling coastal classic features the same winning formula of stunning photography, engaging travel writing and practical guidance. It is set to continue as the definitive guide to Britain's secret beaches and hidden coastline.
Author: J. Henry Fair
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781906506704
Category : Photography
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The images in 'Industrial Scars' and the narrative that accompanies them tell the story of the impact of the consumer life-style on the natural systems that support life on the planet. These photographs, mostly aerial and taken at locations around the world, are masterworks of composition and colour, made with a nod to the great abstract painters of modern art. This book is the result of countless hours of research and careful planning by New York photographer J. Henry Fair, who travels to the locations and charters a small plane to photograph areas usually fenced off from prying eyes so he can get a true view of our real footprint. This is a new edition.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251383553
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
This background paper to The State of Food and Agriculture 2023 examines the annual hidden costs of agrifood systems across 2016–2023 for 154 countries. Hidden costs include environmental hidden costs from greenhouse gas emissions, nitrogen emissions, land-use transitions, and blue water withdrawals; social hidden costs associated with undernourishment and poverty; and health hidden costs from unhealthy dietary patterns. The expected value of hidden costs is around 13 trillion 2020 purchasing power parity (PPP) dollars. This is equivalent to approximately 10 percent of global gross domestic product (GDP) PPP in 2023 and around 35 billion 2020 PPP dollars per day. Environmental hidden costs averaged around 3 trillion 2020 PPP dollars over the 2016–2023 period; health-related costs averaged 9.3 trillion 2020 PPP dollars; and social hidden costs averaged 560 billion 2020 PPP dollars. Health hidden costs are the largest across all world regions, apart from sub-Saharan Africa, where costs from poverty and undernourishment prevail. Hidden costs also report an upward trend from 2016 to 2023, driven primarily by health hidden costs.Overall, hidden costs place a disproportionate burden on low-income countries.Left unchecked, these hidden costs will depress future growth and development. However, these hidden costs do not reflect the GDP PPP loss that may be avoided by transitioning to more sustainable agrifood systems. In other words, while these may be avoidable, the quantified hidden costs do not indicate the costs of transitioning to alternative systems. Subsequent studies are needed to quantify these.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309133203
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Hidden Cost, Value Lost, the fifth of a series of six books on the consequences of uninsurance in the United States, illustrates some of the economic and social losses to the country of maintaining so many people without health insurance. The book explores the potential economic and societal benefits that could be realized if everyone had health insurance on a continuous basis, as people over age 65 currently do with Medicare. Hidden Costs, Value Lost concludes that the estimated benefits across society in health years of life gained by providing the uninsured with the kind and amount of health services that the insured use, are likely greater than the additional social costs of doing so. The potential economic value to be gained in better health outcomes from uninterrupted coverage for all Americans is estimated to be between $65 and $130 billion each year.
Author: Henri Savall
Publisher: IAP
ISBN: 1607527391
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
This volume is a first for the Research in Management Consulting series. As research and theory building in management consulting have grown rapidly during the past several years, the series is dedicated to capturing the latest thinking from applied scholars and scholarly practitioners in this field. Complexity and uncertainty in today’s fast-paced business world have prompted a growing number of organizations—profit and not-for-profit alike—to seek guidance in their concomitant change efforts. External and internal consultants and change agents have become increasingly visible in most, if not all, organizational change initiatives. Individual consultants and consulting firms have become increasingly involved in not only providing organizational clients with advice and new ideas but in implementing those ideas and solutions as well. While the series will continue to seek out and explore emerging trends, innovative perspectives, and new insights into the world of management consulting, it is also useful to look back— especially in different countries and cultures—to recapture and revisit past frameworks, intervention models and contributions. This volume is a translation and modest updating of Henri Savall and Véronique Zardet’s original work on mastering “hidden costs,” initially published in French in 1987.
