The Genetic Architecture Underlying Rapid Seasonal Evolution in Natural Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download The Genetic Architecture Underlying Rapid Seasonal Evolution in Natural Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster PDF full book. Access full book title The Genetic Architecture Underlying Rapid Seasonal Evolution in Natural Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster by Emily Louise Behrman. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Emily Louise Behrman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 424
Get Book Here
Book Description
The rate and tempo at which populations respond to environmental change is fundamental in understanding the adaptive process. Evolution is generally considered to be a gradual process and it is unclear if populations can adapt rapidly to environmental selection pressures. Annual seasonal rhythms produce rapid, predictable environmental changes that may result in rapid adaptation in multivoltine species that reproduce multiple times each year. This work demonstrates that Drosophila melanogaster adapts rapidly and predictably to seasonal environmental changes across five years and multiple locations. Suites of complex fitness traits change in a predictable way over the 10-15 generations from spring to fall. After surviving the harsh environmental selection of the winter, the spring flies are characterized by a increased investment in somatic maintainance: higher resistance to thermal stress, higher tolerance to pathogenic infection, faster development time and better learning. These traits decline throughout the summer when ripening fruit is abundant due to correlated trade-offs with reproduction. Parallel changes in G-matrixes over this seasonal timescale counters the basic assumption of stable covariance over time and indicates that selection acts rapidly to alter the genetic architecture of a population. We show that there are alleles that have functional effects on these important life history traits that oscillate in frequency as a function of seasonal time, but that non-additive epistatic interactions are prevalent and shape the genetic architecture of change across seasonal time. Functional analysis of candidate genes shows that epistatic interactions among seasonally oscillating alleles facilitate rapid adaptation by producing emergent fitness phenotypes. Together, these findings demonstrate rapid, repeatable adaptation to abiotic and biotic environmental parameters that cycle as a function of seasonal time. Epistatic interactions within and among genes facilitate the rapid evolutionary change that is occurring over timescales previously considered static.
Author: Emily Louise Behrman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 424
Get Book Here
Book Description
The rate and tempo at which populations respond to environmental change is fundamental in understanding the adaptive process. Evolution is generally considered to be a gradual process and it is unclear if populations can adapt rapidly to environmental selection pressures. Annual seasonal rhythms produce rapid, predictable environmental changes that may result in rapid adaptation in multivoltine species that reproduce multiple times each year. This work demonstrates that Drosophila melanogaster adapts rapidly and predictably to seasonal environmental changes across five years and multiple locations. Suites of complex fitness traits change in a predictable way over the 10-15 generations from spring to fall. After surviving the harsh environmental selection of the winter, the spring flies are characterized by a increased investment in somatic maintainance: higher resistance to thermal stress, higher tolerance to pathogenic infection, faster development time and better learning. These traits decline throughout the summer when ripening fruit is abundant due to correlated trade-offs with reproduction. Parallel changes in G-matrixes over this seasonal timescale counters the basic assumption of stable covariance over time and indicates that selection acts rapidly to alter the genetic architecture of a population. We show that there are alleles that have functional effects on these important life history traits that oscillate in frequency as a function of seasonal time, but that non-additive epistatic interactions are prevalent and shape the genetic architecture of change across seasonal time. Functional analysis of candidate genes shows that epistatic interactions among seasonally oscillating alleles facilitate rapid adaptation by producing emergent fitness phenotypes. Together, these findings demonstrate rapid, repeatable adaptation to abiotic and biotic environmental parameters that cycle as a function of seasonal time. Epistatic interactions within and among genes facilitate the rapid evolutionary change that is occurring over timescales previously considered static.
Author: Dr M Kearsey
Publisher: Garland Science
ISBN: 1000144178
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 396
Get Book Here
Book Description
This text provides a guide to the experimental and analytical methodologies available to study quantitative traits, a review of the genetic control of quantitative traits, and a discussion of how this knowledge can be applied to breeding problems and evolution.
Author: Lawrence I. Gilbert
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123848512
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 589
Get Book Here
Book Description
The publication of the extensive seven-volume work Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science provided a complete reference encompassing important developments and achievements in modern insect science. One of the most swiftly moving areas in entomological and comparative research is endocrinology, and this volume, Insect Endocrinology, is designed for those who desire a comprehensive yet concise work on important aspects of this topic. Because this area has moved quickly since the original publication, articles in this new volume are revised, highlighting developments in the related area since its original publication. Insect Endocrinology covers the mechanism of action of insect hormones during growth and metamorphosis as well as the role of insect hormones in reproduction, diapause and the regulation of metabolism. Contents include articles on the juvenile hormones, circadian organization of the endocrine system, ecdysteroid chemistry and biochemistry, as well as new chapters on insulin-like peptides and the peptide hormone Bursicon. This volume will be of great value to senior investigators, graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and advanced undergraduate research students. It can also be used as a reference for graduate courses and seminars on the topic. Chapters will also be valuable to the applied biologist or entomologist, providing the requisite understanding necessary for probing the more applied research areas. - Articles selected by the known and respected editor-in-chief of the original major reference work, Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science - Newly revised contributions bring together the latest research in the quickly moving field of insect endocrinology - Review of the literature of the past five years is now included, as well as full use of data arising from the application of molecular technologies wherever appropriate
Author: Martijn Zoodsma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 23
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Christian R. Landry
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400773471
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 358
Get Book Here
Book Description
Researchers in the field of ecological genomics aim to determine how a genome or a population of genomes interacts with its environment across ecological and evolutionary timescales. Ecological genomics is trans-disciplinary by nature. Ecologists have turned to genomics to be able to elucidate the mechanistic bases of the biodiversity their research tries to understand. Genomicists have turned to ecology in order to better explain the functional cellular and molecular variation they observed in their model organisms. We provide an advanced-level book that covers this recent research and proposes future development for this field. A synthesis of the field of ecological genomics emerges from this volume. Ecological Genomics covers a wide array of organisms (microbes, plants and animals) in order to be able to identify central concepts that motivate and derive from recent investigations in different branches of the tree of life. Ecological Genomics covers 3 fields of research that have most benefited from the recent technological and conceptual developments in the field of ecological genomics: the study of life-history evolution and its impact of genome architectures; the study of the genomic bases of phenotypic plasticity and the study of the genomic bases of adaptation and speciation.
Author: Julien Y Dutheil
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781013271403
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 464
Get Book Here
Book Description
This open access volume presents state-of-the-art inference methods in population genomics, focusing on data analysis based on rigorous statistical techniques. After introducing general concepts related to the biology of genomes and their evolution, the book covers state-of-the-art methods for the analysis of genomes in populations, including demography inference, population structure analysis and detection of selection, using both model-based inference and simulation procedures. Last but not least, it offers an overview of the current knowledge acquired by applying such methods to a large variety of eukaryotic organisms. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, pointers to the relevant literature, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Statistical Population Genomics aims to promote and ensure successful applications of population genomic methods to an increasing number of model systems and biological questions. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Author: Theodore Garland
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520261801
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 752
Get Book Here
Book Description
This volume summarizes studies in experimental evolution, outlining current techniques and applications, and presenting the field's range of research.
Author: Costas B. Krimbas
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849365478
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 680
Get Book Here
Book Description
Inversion polymorphism in Drosophila has long served as a research subject for a variety of evolutionary studies and continues to be extremely important in understanding evolutionary principles today. Until now, no single volume has ever been assembled as a summary of this work. Drosophila Inversion Polymorphism provides background information, explores new and rigorous approaches to reconstructing phylogenetic relationships from inversion variation, and discusses inversion polymorphism in the six most studied species groups. Some chapters examine general principles and conclusions, some present detailed data sets (many of which have never before been published), and others offer detailed chromosome maps for identification. The book is a one-of-a-kind source of summary discussions and data ripe for analysis. Geneticists, evolutionary biologists, biologists, and all investigators researching inversion polymorphisms should consider Drosophila Inversion Polymorphism a "must-have" volume.
Author: David L. Denlinger
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108755186
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 465
Get Book Here
Book Description
Our highly seasonal world restricts insect activity to brief portions of the year. This feature necessitates a sophisticated interpretation of seasonal changes and enactment of mechanisms for bringing development to a halt and then reinitiating it when the inimical season is past. The dormant state of diapause serves to bridge the unfavourable seasons, and its timing provides a powerful mechanism for synchronizing insect development. This book explores how seasonal signals are monitored and used by insects to enact specific molecular pathways that generate the diapause phenotype. The broad perspective offered here scales from the ecological to the molecular and thus provides a comprehensive view of this exciting and vibrant research field, offering insights on topics ranging from pest management, evolution, speciation, climate change and disease transmission, to human health, as well as analogies with other forms of invertebrate dormancy and mammalian hibernation.
Author: Richard Levins
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 9780691080628
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 136
Get Book Here
Book Description
Professor Levins, one of the leading explorers in the field of integrated population biology, considers the mutual interpenetration and joint evolution of organism and environment, occurring on several levels at once. Physiological and behavioral adaptations to short-term fluctuations of the environment condition the responses of populations to long-term changes and geographic gradients. These in turn affect the way species divide the environments among themselves in communities, and, therefore, the numbers of species which can coexist. Environment is treated here abstractly as pattern: patchiness, variability, range, etc. Populations are studied in their patterns: local heterogeneity, geographic variability, faunistic diversity, etc.
