The Gastrointestinal System PDF Download
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Author: Po Sing Leung
Publisher: Springer Science & Business
ISBN: 9401787719
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 370
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Book Description
Gastrointestinal (GI) physiology is a fundamental subject that is indispensable not only for undergraduate but also for graduate courses. The audience include, but are not limited to, medical, pharmacy, nursing, human biology, Chinese medicine, and science students, as well as other health-related subject students. The overall objectives of this textbook are to present basic concepts and principles of GI physiology and, more importantly, to convey an understanding of how to apply this knowledge to abnormal GI physiology in the clinical context. As such, the basic knowledge of GI physiology and its application in the form of clinical case studies should be grasped, which are critical for professional examinations and bedside, as well as for general practice in the future. In this handbook, we aim to achieve these elements by covering the breadth of GI, pancreatic, hepatobiliary, and nutritional physiology. Moreover, we include relevant scenario-based clinical case in each chapter so as to evaluate whether the students can apply the basic GI they learn to the clinical setting.
Author: Po Sing Leung
Publisher: Springer Science & Business
ISBN: 9401787719
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 370
Get Book Here
Book Description
Gastrointestinal (GI) physiology is a fundamental subject that is indispensable not only for undergraduate but also for graduate courses. The audience include, but are not limited to, medical, pharmacy, nursing, human biology, Chinese medicine, and science students, as well as other health-related subject students. The overall objectives of this textbook are to present basic concepts and principles of GI physiology and, more importantly, to convey an understanding of how to apply this knowledge to abnormal GI physiology in the clinical context. As such, the basic knowledge of GI physiology and its application in the form of clinical case studies should be grasped, which are critical for professional examinations and bedside, as well as for general practice in the future. In this handbook, we aim to achieve these elements by covering the breadth of GI, pancreatic, hepatobiliary, and nutritional physiology. Moreover, we include relevant scenario-based clinical case in each chapter so as to evaluate whether the students can apply the basic GI they learn to the clinical setting.
Author: Peter R. Kvietys
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1615041176
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 127
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Book Description
The microcirculation of the gastrointestinal tract is under the control of both myogenic and metabolic regulatory systems. The myogenic mechanism contributes to basal vascular tone and the regulation of transmural pressure, while the metabolic mechanism is responsible for maintaining an appropriate balance between O2 demand and O2 delivery. In the postprandial state, hydrolytic products of food digestion elicit a hyperemia, which serves to meet the increased O2 demand of nutrient assimilation. Metabolically linked factors (e.g., tissue pO2, adenosine) are primarily responsible for this functional hyperemia. The fenestrated capillaries of the gastrointestinal mucosa are relatively permeable to small hydrolytic products of food digestion (e.g., glucose), yet restrict the transcapillary movement of larger molecules (e.g., albumin). This allows for the absorption of hydrolytic products of food digestion without compromising the oncotic pressure gradient governing transcapillary fluid movement and edema formation. The gastrointestinal microcirculation is also an important component of the mucosal defense system whose function is to prevent (and rapidly repair) inadvertent epithelial injury by potentially noxious constituents of chyme. Two pathological conditions in which the gastrointestinal circulation plays an important role are ischemia/reperfusion and chronic portal hypertension. Ischemia/reperfusion results in mucosal edema and disruption of the epithelium due, in part, to an inflammatory response (e.g., increase in capillary permeability to macromolecules and neutrophil infiltration). Chronic portal hypertension results in an increase in gastrointestinal blood flow due to an imbalance in vasodilator and vasoconstrictor influences on the microcirculation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy / Regulation of Vascular Tone and Oxygenation / Extrinsic Vasoregulation: Neural and Humoral / Postprandial Hyperemia / Transcapillary Solute Exchange / Transcapillary Fluid Exchange / Interaction of Capillary and Interstitial Forces / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Defense / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Pathology I: Ischemia/Reperfusion / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Pathology II: Chronic Portal Hypertension / Summary and Conclusions / References / Author Biography
Author: J. Gordon Betts
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781947172807
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Rao N. Jaladanki
Publisher: Biota Publishing
ISBN: 1615047352
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
The mammalian gastrointestinal mucosa is a rapidly self-renewing tissue in the body, and its homeostasis is preserved through the strict regulation of epithelial cell proliferation, growth arrest, and apoptosis. The control of the growth of gastrointestinal mucosa is unique and, compared with most other tissue in the body, complex. Mucosal growth is regulated by the same hormones that alter metabolism in other tissues, but the gastrointestinal mucosa also responds to host events triggered by the ingestion and presence of food within the digestive tract. These gut hormones and peptides regulate the growth of the exocrine pancreas, gallbladder epithelium, and the mucosa of the oxyntic gland region of the stomach and the small and large intestines. Luminal factors, including nutrients or other dietary factors, secretions, and microbes that occur within the lumen and distribute over a proximal-to-distal gradient, are also crucial for maintenance of normal gut mucosal regeneration and could explain the villous-height-crypt-depth gradient and variety of adaptation, since these factors are diluted, absorbed, and destroyed as they pass down the digestive tract. Recently, intestinal stem cells, cellular polyamines, and noncoding RNAs are shown to play an important role in the regulation of gastrointestinal mucosal growth under physiological and various pathological conditions. In this book, we highlight key issues and factors that control gastrointestinal mucosal growth and homeostasis, with special emphasis on the mechanisms through which epithelial renewal and apoptosis are regulated at the cellular and molecular levels.
Author: Hans Gregersen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447137426
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
Biomechanics of the Gastrointestinal Tract is an up-to-date book for researchers on the study of the mechanical properties and the motor system of the gastrointestinal tract. A well-illustrated book, it provides a comprehensive overview to relevant tissue geometry, morphology and biomechanical theory. Separate chapters cover smooth muscle and nerve function including the application to animal and human studies of motility, symptoms and pain, determination of the true resting state, history-dependent properties, and tissue remodelling in disease. Several methods and diagnostic applications such as determination of in vivo length-tension diagrams and multimodal pain testing are completely new but will undoubtedly be used by many in the future. New non-invasive imaging techniques based on ultrasound, MR- and CT-scanning in combination with balloon distension are emerging as the techniques for future in vivo studies.
Author: David Grundy
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1615043578
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 137
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Book Description
The gastrointestinal tract is a long, muscular tube responsible for the digestion of food, assimilation of nutrients and elimination of waste. This is achieved by secretion of digestive enzymes and absorption from the intestinal lumen, with different regions playing specific roles in the processing of specific nutrients. These regions come into play sequentially as ingested material is moved along the length of the GI tract by contractions of the muscle layers. In some regions like the oesophagus transit it rapid and measured in seconds while in others like the colon transit is measured in hours and even days, commensurate with the relative slow fermentation that takes place in the large bowel. An hierarchy of controls, neural and endocrine, serve to regulate the various cellular targets that exist in the gut wall. These include muscle cells for contraction and epithelial cells for secretion and absorption. However, there are complex interactions between these digestive mechanisms and other mechanisms that regulate blood flow, immune function, endocrine secretion and food intake. These ensure a fine balance between the ostensibly conflicting tasks of digestion and absorption and protection from potentially harmful ingested materials. They match assimilation of nutrients with hunger and satiety and they ensure that regions of the GI tract that are meters apart work together in a coordinated fashion to match these diverse functions to the digestive needs of the individual. This ebook will provide an overview of the neural mechanisms that control gastrointestinal function. Table of Contents: Neural Control of Gastrointestinal Function / Cells and Tissues / Enteric Nervous System / From Gut to CNS: Extrinsic Sensory Innervation / Sympathetic Innervation of the Gut / Parasympathetic Innervation of the Gut / Integration of Function / References
Author: Christine Norton
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199298653
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 762
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Book Description
"This practical guide to all aspects of gastrointestinal nursing covers the treatment of a wide range of patients - from those suffering from minor and acute disorders, through chronic conditions, to those requiring major surgery and treatment for malignant disease. It summarizes the current state of knowledge in gastrointestinal nursing and provides concise, user-friendly guidelines on the management and treatment of patients with gastrointestinal disorders." "Written by practising nurses and subject experts, and incorporating their years of experience, the Oxford Handbook of Gastrointestinal Nursing is a unique and invaluable companion for practising nurses, and for all health care professionals who are involved in the care of patients with gastrointestinal disorders."--BOOK JACKET.
Author: Ian R. Sanderson
Publisher: PMPH-USA
ISBN: 9781550090819
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
The authors chronicle the development of the gastrointestinal system b eginning with the embryology of the gastrointestinal tract through dev elopment of cells to hormones and enzymes. Each section provides detai led explanation of that stage of development so residents and clinicia ns can better understand the interrelationships of each structure. Spe cial attention is given to the latest cellular information and gene pr omoters in the regulation of intestinal development. Coverage of defec ts due to trauma and infections is also included.
Author: Shayne Cox Gad
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 042978144X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 477
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Book Description
Nanoparticles as both potential unique risks and as a valuable approach to increased and higher specificity in delivery of therapeutics A primer on the largest, most diverse, and important microbiome in any mammal "Tricks of the trade" on modifying the oral administration of drugs
Author: Elizabeth A. Montgomery
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN: 1451109598
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 347
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Book Description
Gastrointestinal mucosal biopsies are an active part of the pathologist's day and have increased in the past few years as endoscopic screening has become more commonplace. This new full-color Second Edition of Biopsy Interpretation of the Gastrointestinal Tract Mucosa has been expanded into two concise, comprehensive volumes to offer more complete coverage of both non-neoplastic and neoplastic entities. Like the other books in the Biopsy Interpretation Series, these volumes are practical references for pathologists to use when making diagnostic decisions based on biopsy specimens. Volume 2 of this Second Edition focuses on interpretation of neoplastic gastrointestinal mucosal biopsies. Coverage is geared to daily practice and includes mucosal biopsies from the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. A companion website will include all of the 300 print illustrations plus an additional 750 e-figures. Volume 1 focuses on non-neoplastic biopsies and published in November 2011.
