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Author: Alison Wray
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9027243336
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Book Description
This book explores the nature of the control of language processing by the hemispheres of the neocortex. The author expounds a novel hypothesis, The Focusing Hypothesis, which holds that language processing in the brain is achieved through analytic and holistic systems, the former through left and the latter through right hemisphere processing. This hypothesis differs from current thinking in so far as it proposes that the involvement of the two systems (and two hemispheres) depends on the strategy selected by the speaker and that the engagement by one hemisphere over another will depend upon the communicative intent of the speaker and the propositionality of the utterance under production.Throughout the book there are useful and important discussions on such topics as the value of laboratory-based psycholinguistic experiments given their tendency to encourage a metalinguistic strategy on the part of subjects, the nature of propositionality in language and brain and the difficulties of testing this hypothesis given the research approaches currently available.The Focusing Hypothesis is tested by comprehensive review of the existing experimental psycholinguistic, neuropsychological and neurophysiological literature, and a range of predictions which follow from the hypothesis are detailed.
Author: Alison Wray
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9027243336
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 222
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book explores the nature of the control of language processing by the hemispheres of the neocortex. The author expounds a novel hypothesis, The Focusing Hypothesis, which holds that language processing in the brain is achieved through analytic and holistic systems, the former through left and the latter through right hemisphere processing. This hypothesis differs from current thinking in so far as it proposes that the involvement of the two systems (and two hemispheres) depends on the strategy selected by the speaker and that the engagement by one hemisphere over another will depend upon the communicative intent of the speaker and the propositionality of the utterance under production.Throughout the book there are useful and important discussions on such topics as the value of laboratory-based psycholinguistic experiments given their tendency to encourage a metalinguistic strategy on the part of subjects, the nature of propositionality in language and brain and the difficulties of testing this hypothesis given the research approaches currently available.The Focusing Hypothesis is tested by comprehensive review of the existing experimental psycholinguistic, neuropsychological and neurophysiological literature, and a range of predictions which follow from the hypothesis are detailed.
Author: Parag Kulkarni
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319553127
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
This book introduces a paradigm of reverse hypothesis machines (RHM), focusing on knowledge innovation and machine learning. Knowledge- acquisition -based learning is constrained by large volumes of data and is time consuming. Hence Knowledge innovation based learning is the need of time. Since under-learning results in cognitive inabilities and over-learning compromises freedom, there is need for optimal machine learning. All existing learning techniques rely on mapping input and output and establishing mathematical relationships between them. Though methods change the paradigm remains the same—the forward hypothesis machine paradigm, which tries to minimize uncertainty. The RHM, on the other hand, makes use of uncertainty for creative learning. The approach uses limited data to help identify new and surprising solutions. It focuses on improving learnability, unlike traditional approaches, which focus on accuracy. The book is useful as a reference book for machine learning researchers and professionals as well as machine intelligence enthusiasts. It can also used by practitioners to develop new machine learning applications to solve problems that require creativity.
Author: Bradley Eugene Alger
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0190881488
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 449
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Book Description
Defense of Scientific Hypothesis: From Reproducibility Crisis to Big Data argues that the scientific hypothesis is the key to understanding what science is about, and explains its importance for scientists and non-scientists alike. Most scientists, like the general public, receive only cursory formal instruction about the scientific hypothesis. Since we all constantly assess what's going on around us, we continually formulate and test hypotheses, consciously and unconsciously. The book distinguishes scientific from statistical hypotheses, analyzes the benefits of hypotheses and hypothesis testing, sorts out sciences that do not require hypotheses, discusses educational and social policies relating to the hypothesis, and offers advice on recognizing and formulating hypotheses.
Author: Badrinarayan Shankar Pawar
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1040109691
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 135
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Book Description
Research methodology is an integral part of the knowledge generation and dissemination processes. A hypothesis has a significant role in research methodology, and theory building is a major step in the research process. This book is a comprehensive guide to theory-building for hypothesis specification in academic research in organizational studies. The book takes readers through the process of theory building for specifying hypotheses. It describes the nature, components, and structure of theory and the process of theory-building. It does so by using relevant examples that illustrate this process comprehensively. While the main focus of the book is on theory building for hypothesis specification in the area of organizational studies, it could also be relevant to the other areas of the management field such as marketing, strategy and policy, business communication, and general management and to various areas in the social and behavioural sciences such as psychology and sociology. This revised edition also includes an afterword with further reflections by the author on the themes discussed in the chapters. This lucidly written book will be a handy resource for research degree program students and researchers, especially in the fields of organizational, social and behavioural sciences including organizational behaviour, human resource management, marketing, strategy and policy, general management, psychology, and sociology.
Author: Alison Wray
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9027277206
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 223
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Book Description
This book explores the nature of the control of language processing by the hemispheres of the neocortex. The author expounds a novel hypothesis, “The Focusing Hypothesis”, which holds that language processing in the brain is achieved through analytic and holistic systems, the former through left and the latter through right hemisphere processing. This hypothesis differs from current thinking in so far as it proposes that the involvement of the two systems (and two hemispheres) depends on the strategy selected by the speaker and that the engagement by one hemisphere over another will depend upon the communicative intent of the speaker and the propositionality of the utterance under production. Throughout the book there are useful and important discussions on such topics as the value of laboratory-based psycholinguistic experiments — given their tendency to encourage a “metalinguistic” strategy on the part of subjects, the nature of propositionality in language and brain and the difficulties of testing this hypothesis given the research approaches currently available. The Focusing Hypothesis is tested by comprehensive review of the existing experimental psycholinguistic, neuropsychological and neurophysiological literature, and a range of predictions which follow from the hypothesis are detailed.
Author: Klaus Fiedler
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1135471053
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 209
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Book Description
Stereotyping as Inductive Hypothesis Testing explicates the proposition that many stereotypes originate not so much in individual brains, but in the stimulus environment that interacts with and constitutes the social individual.
Author: Fenna H. Poletiek
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1134951582
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 177
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Book Description
How do people search evidence for a hypothesis? A well documented answer in cognitive psychology is that they search for confirming evidence. However, the rational strategy is to try to falsify the hypothesis. This book critically evaluates this contradiction. Experimental research is discussed against the background of philosophical and formal theories of hypothesis testing with striking results: Falsificationism and verificationism - the two main rival philosophies of testing - come down to one and the same principle for concrete testing behaviour, eluding the contrast between rational falsification and confirmation bias. In this book, the author proposes a new perspective for describing hypothesis testing behaviour - the probability-value model - which unifies the contrasting views. According to this model, hypothesis testers pragmatically consider what evidence and how much evidence will convince them to reject or accept the hypothesis. They might either require highly probative evidence for its acceptance, at the risk of its rejection, or protect it against rejection and go for minor confirming observations. Interestingly, the model refines the classical opposition between rationality and pragmaticity because pragmatic considerations are a legitimate aspect of 'rational' hypothesis testing. Possible future research and applications of the ideas advanced are discussed, such as the modelling of expert hypothesis testing.
Author: Stephen R. Kellert
Publisher: Island Press
ISBN: 9781559631471
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
"Biophilia" is the term coined by Edward O. Wilson to describe what he believes is humanity's innate affinity for the natural world. In his landmark book Biophilia, he examined how our tendency to focus on life and lifelike processes might be a biologically based need, integral to our development as individuals and as a species. That idea has caught the imagination of diverse thinkers. The Biophilia Hypothesis brings together the views of some of the most creative scientists of our time, each attempting to amplify and refine the concept of biophilia. The variety of perspectives -- psychological, biological, cultural, symbolic, and aesthetic -- frame the theoretical issues by presenting empirical evidence that supports or refutes the hypothesis. Numerous examples illustrate the idea that biophilia and its converse, biophobia, have a genetic component: fear, and even full-blown phobias of snakes and spiders are quick to develop with very little negative reinforcement, while more threatening modern artifacts -- knives, guns, automobiles -- rarely elicit such a response people find trees that are climbable and have a broad, umbrella-like canopy more attractive than trees without these characteristics people would rather look at water, green vegetation, or flowers than built structures of glass and concrete The biophilia hypothesis, if substantiated, provides a powerful argument for the conservation of biological diversity. More important, it implies serious consequences for our well-being as society becomes further estranged from the natural world. Relentless environmental destruction could have a significant impact on our quality of life, not just materially but psychologically and even spiritually.
Author: Frank Scheppers
Publisher: ASP / VUBPRESS / UPA
ISBN: 9054879440
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 503
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Book Description
Offering a wealth of detailed information concerning topics in Ancient Greek linguistics--including clisis, apositivity, lexicalization phenomena, sentencehood, and genre--this study argues that a number of Ancient Greek word order rules, most notably Wackernagel's Law, apply to the "colon" or "intonation unit" rather than to syntactic units such as the clause. Based on an extensive corpus-database, comprising the whole Corpus Lysiacum and four Platonic dialogues, this reference contains detailed and enlightening excerpt analyses and follows a radically pragmatic approach to discourse coherence. This account will appeal to academics devoted to the Classics and linguistics.
Author: Rand R. Wilcox
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128200995
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 930
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Book Description
Introduction to Robust Estimating and Hypothesis Testing, Fifth Edition is a useful 'how-to' on the application of robust methods utilizing easy-to-use software. This trusted resource provides an overview of modern robust methods, including improved techniques for dealing with outliers, skewed distribution curvature, and heteroscedasticity that can provide substantial gains in power. Coverage includes techniques for comparing groups and measuring effect size, current methods for comparing quantiles, and expanded regression methods for both parametric and nonparametric techniques. The practical importance of these varied methods is illustrated using data from real world studies. Over 1700 R functions are included to support comprehension and practice. - Includes the latest developments in robust regression - Provides many new, improved and accessible R functions - Offers comprehensive coverage of ANOVA and ANCOVA methods
