Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 100

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Author: Canagarajah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Branko Milanovi?
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Equality
Languages : en
Pages : 70

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"Inequality in world income is very high, according to household surveys, more because of differences between mean country incomes than because of inequality within countries. World inequality increased between 1988 and 1993, driven by slower growth in rural per capita incomes in populous Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, and India) than in large, rich OECD countries, and by increasing income differences between urban China on the one hand and rural China and rural India on the other"--Cover.

Author: Martin Ravallion
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Absolute poverty
Languages : en
Pages : 39

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Book Description
The article presents the first major update of the international $1 a day poverty line, proposed in World Development Report 1990: Poverty for measuring absolute poverty by the standards of the world's poorest countries. In a new and more representative data set of national poverty lines, a marked economic gradient emerges only when consumption per person is above about $2.00 a day at 2005 purchasing power parity. Below this, the average poverty line is $1.25, which is proposed as the new international poverty line. The article tests the robustness of this line to alternative estimation methods and explains how it differs from the old $1 a day line.

Author: Banji Oyeniran Adediji
Publisher: AuthorHouse
ISBN: 1491834447
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 581

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Book Description
Deeper Insight into Nigerias Public Administration is a collection of a wider range of Public Administration topics to which scholars and authors have devoted attention in recent time. Here is a lucidly written and presented book, which selective scholars, researchers and readers would find indispensably useful to procure for personal and institutional librarians.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Households
Languages : en
Pages : 240

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Author: Kurubacak, Gulsun
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1609600479
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 594

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"This book focuses on the societal, social, political, economic and philosophical perspectives of transformative models and how digital learning communities foster critical reflections and perspective change, building a better understanding on how online educators/designers/tutors/learners can talk about injustice and inequality to a virtual group"--Provided by publisher.

Author: Norman A. Loayza
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Costos - America Latina
Languages : en
Pages : 60

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Author: Quentin Wodon
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821366300
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 154

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This volume provides a set of six case studies from West Africa. These assess the benefits of growth (or the costs of a lack of growth) in terms of poverty reduction in those countries. The first part of this book describes the experience of two countries (Ghana and Senegal) that achieved high levels of growth in the 1990s, and that also experienced important reductions in poverty, even though growth was not strictly pro-poor. The second part describes the experience of two other countries (Burkina Faso and Cape Verde) that also achieved high levels of growth in the 1990s, but where there was an initial perception that growth did not lead to much poverty reduction. The more detailed analysis of poverty presented here suggests however that these two countries did witness a sharp reduction in their population share in poverty, as would have been expected given their growth record. Finally, in the third part, the authors argue that a lack of growth in the 1990s in Guinea-Bissau and Nigeria has been a key reason for their persistently high levels of poverty. Overall, the case studies in this Working Paper make a strong case for the positive impact of growth on poverty reduction in West Africa. However, they also point to the need to pay close attention to changes in inequality, because such changes have limited the gains from growth for the poor in several of the countries considered here.

Author: Sudharshan Canagarajah
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
January 1997 Between 1985 and 1992, the extremely poor became poorer, but the standard of living for all other income groups improved. The benefits of growth were not shared equally by different parts of the country. Canagarajah, Ngwafon, and Thomas present a poverty profile of Nigeria for the years 1985 and 1992 and show how poverty changed between those years. They show the nature of poverty in both years for different deciles of the population, different levels of education, different ages for household heads, and different parts of the country, including urban and rural areas. There is no official poverty line in Nigeria, so they selected one based on two-thirds of average per capita spending in 1985 (=N395 a year per capita in 1985 prices). N198 (one third of mean per capita household spending) is used to indicate extreme poverty. The bottom 17 to 18 percent of income distribution had a lower standard of living in 1992 than in 1985 by any measure, but all other income groups had a higher standard of living. An increase in mean per capita household spending reduced the proportion of the population in poverty from 43 percent to 34 percent. But the benefits of growth were not shared equally by different parts of the country. Growth of household spending was faster in the southern and middle parts of the country and slower in the north. Poverty in Nigeria is overwhelmingly rural and regional, but is also greatly influenced by age, educaton, and the nature of employment. Most of the poor, especially the extremely poor, are uneducated. The 8.9 percent decline in poverty was the net result of a +13.6 percent growth factor and a -4.7 percent income distribution factor. Improving the quality of data collection and analysis and establishing systems for monitoring poverty are important for policymaking. Canagarajah, Ngwafon, and Thomas recommend an integrated living standards survey to provide baseline data and to permit analysis of household behavior. This paper - a joint product of Human development 3 and Institutional and Social Policy, Africa Technical Families - is part of a larger effort in the region to analyze welfare and poverty issues.