The Energy of Runaway Electrons in the LT-4 Tokamak PDF Download
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Author: Alexander Hugh Morton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plasma dynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 11
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Book Description
Author: Alexander Hugh Morton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plasma dynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 11
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Controlled fusion
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 782
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Book Description
Author: Steward Jay Zweben
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plasma confinement
Languages : en
Pages : 578
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
High energy runaway electrons in the Oak Ridge tokamak ORMAK have been investigated through measurement of the bremsstrahlung produced when these electrons leave the discharge and strike the limiting aperture of the torus. The experimental results have been interpreted in terms of a classical single-particle model appropriate for collisionless particles in a tokamak, and it has been found that most of the confinement properties of high energy runaways in ORMAK can be understood on this basis. An experiment designed to directly test this model has disclosed an anomalous transport which has been described by a runaway diffusion coefficient D approximately 102 to 104 cm2/sec appropriate for runaways near the outside of the plasma. A discussion of the possible mechanisms for this anomalous transport is given.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Runaway electrons produced during normal discharges in the Oak Ridge Tokamak (ORMAK) have been studied with a hard x-ray diagnostic system along with most of the other diagnostics available on this machine. It is found that runaways can attain maximum energies of up to 10 MeV and be contained over times of typically 50 msec. A simple physical model is proposed that is consistent with most of the observed high energy runaway phenomena. Some properties of the overall runaway distribtion generated in tokamaks are inferred from these results and are discussed in terms of runaway generation, acceleration, and transport.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 612
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Author: United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 800
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic journals
Languages : en
Pages : 648
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Author: Alexander Nevil Tronchin-James
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781124679686
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 165
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Book Description
Energy production is a continuing problem in the modern world, and nuclear fusion in tokamak reactors may be a viable solution. One remaining problem for tokamak is the generation of runaway electrons (RE) during shutdown of these reactors, the focus of this thesis. Energy and runaway electrons are both briefly reviewed, with emphasis on prior theses, prior theoretical developments, and prior experimental studies which establish context in the pre-existing body of knowledge. New experimental techniques tailored for studying RE are described. These techniques include plasma shaping optimized for RE generation via argon killer-pellet shutdown, which increased the probability of RE plateau in a shutdown from 30% to over 80%. A newly developed hard x-ray sensing scintillator array is described in detail, and this new diagnostic is used along with pre-existing diagnostics to explore the temporal and spatial character of hard x-ray emission resulting from RE. X-ray emission associated with RE impact at divertor strike points was observed after thermal quench (TQ) but before current quench (CQ). Instabilities of the RE current were observed during the plateau and at termination. Experiments probing RE in-situ by injecting polystyrene diagnostic pellets are also discussed. Pellets were observed disintegrating before reaching the last closed flux surface (LCFS), suggesting that substantial RE transport beyond the LCFS occurs, which is consistent with observed activation of the low field side midplane limiters. Inference of loop voltages during the pre-current quench (CQ) phase using inverse techniques and a discussion of limitations of this technique are also presented. Loop voltages exceeding 1kV are inferred peaking well before the beginning of CQ, and are capable of accelerating RE to energies of over 10MeV at the time of the first x-ray emission from RE impact with the wall. During the later CQ phase, this inferred voltage matches a simpler estimate for the loop voltage -LdI/dt.
