The Effects of Trawling Induced Resuspension on Phytoplankton Dynamics in the North Sea PDF Download
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Author: Katherine Benson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Author: Katherine Benson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
Author: Carolanne Louise Russell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Author: Changjin Zhao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309083400
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 137
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Book Description
Concerns over the potential ecological effects of fishing have increased with the expansion of fisheries throughout the marine waters of the United States. Effects of Trawling and Dredging on Seafloor Habitat describes how assessment of fishing impacts depends on gear type, number and location of bottom tows, and the physical and biological characteristics of seafloor habitats. Many experimental studies have documented acute, gear-specific effects of trawling and dredging on various types of habitat. These studies indicate that low mobility, long-lived species are more vulnerable to towed fishing gear than short-lived species in areas where the seabed is often disturbed by natural phenomena. Trawling and dredging may also change the composition and productivity of fish communities dependent on seafloor habitats for food and refuge. The scale of these impacts depends on the level of fishing effort. This volume presents color maps of fishing effort for all regions with significant bottom trawl or dredge fisheries-the first time that such data has been assembled and analyzed for the entire nation.
Author: Anouk Natalie Blauw
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789462597723
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: H. Huneke
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444530002
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 865
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Book Description
'Deep-Sea Sediments' focuses on the sedimentary processes operating within the various modern and ancient deep-sea environments. The chapters track the way of sedimentary particles from continental erosion or production in the marine realm, to transport into the deep sea, to final deposition on the sea floor.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrology
Languages : en
Pages : 898
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Book Description
Author: Daniel Edward Kaufman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biogeochemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 183
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Book Description
As Earth’s climate changes, polar environments experience a disproportionate share of extreme shifts. Because the Ross Sea shelf has the highest annual productivity of any Antarctic continental shelf, this region is of particular interest when striving to characterize current and future changes in Antarctic systems. However, understanding of mesoscale variability of biogeochemical patterns in the Ross Sea and how this variability affects assemblage dynamics is incomplete. Furthermore, it is unknown how the Ross Sea may respond to projected warming, reduced summer sea ice concentrations, and shallower mixed layers during the next century. To investigate these dynamics and explore their consequences over the next century, high-resolution glider observations were analyzed and used in conjunction with a one-dimensional, data-assimilative biogeochemical-modeling framework. An analysis of glider observations from two latitudinal sections in the Ross Sea characterized mesoscale variability associated with the phytoplankton bloom and highlighted potential mechanisms driving change in the assemblage. In particular, an observed increase in the ratio of carbon to chlorophyll (C:Chl) suggested a marked transition from a phytoplankton assemblage dominated by Phaeocystis antarctica- to one dominated by diatoms. The expected control of phytoplankton variability by Modified Circumpolar Deep Water and mixed layer depth were shown to be insignificant relative to the effects of wind and sea surface temperature on the temporal/spatial scales measured by the glider. Additional glider measurements were used to force the Model of Ecosystem Dynamics, nutrient Utilisation, Sequestration and Acidification, which was adapted for use in the Ross Sea (MEDUSA-RS) to include both solitary and colonial forms of Phaeocystis antarctica. The impacts of climate-induced changes on Ross Sea phytoplankton were investigated with MEDUSA-RS using projections of physical drivers for mid- and late-21st century, and these experiments indicated increases of primary productivity and carbon export flux. Additional scenario experiments demonstrated that earlier availability of low light due to reduction of sea ice early in the growing season was the primary driver of simulated productivity increases over the next century; shallower mixed layer depths additionally contributed to changes of phytoplankton composition and export. Glider data were assimilated into MEDUSA-RS using the Marine Model Optimization Testbed (MarMOT) to optimize eight phytoplankton model parameters. Assimilation experiments that used different data subsets suggest that assimilating observations at the surface alone, as are typically available from remote-sensing platforms, may underestimate carbon export to depth and overestimate primary production. Experiments assimilating observations characteristic of a cruise-based sampling frequency produced a wide range of solutions, depending on which days were sampled, suggesting the potential for large errors in productivity and export. Finally, assimilating data from different spatial areas resulted in less variation of optimal solutions than assimilating data from different time periods in the bloom progression; these temporal differences are primarily driven by decreasing colonial P. antarctica growth rates, increasing colonial P. antarctica C:Chl, and faster sinking of colonies as the bloom progresses from the accumulation stage through dissipation. Overall, this dissertation research demonstrates the value of using bio-optical glider observations in conjunction with modeling to characterize phytoplankton dynamics in a remote marine ecosystem. High-resolution glider data are better able to resolve mesoscale physical-biological relationships, which are typically not discernible from lower frequency data, but it can be difficult to identify mechanistic relationships from in situ measurements alone. In addition, biogeochemical models can be used to extend insights gained by empirical observation, but application is often limited by the quantity and type of in situ data appropriate for evaluation and forcing. The use of gliders for facilitating development and operation of a lower trophic level model demonstrated the effectiveness of a synthetic approach that partly overcomes the individual limitations of these otherwise distinct approaches. Finally, the combination of these approaches is especially useful for gaining a better understanding of ecosystem dynamics in regions similar to the Ross Sea that are undergoing substantive climate-induced changes and where harsh conditions make other means of access difficult.
Author: Markus Quante
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319397451
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 555
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Book Description
This book offers an up-to-date review of our current understanding of climate change in the North Sea and adjacent areas, as well as its impact on ecosystems and socio-economic sectors. It provides a detailed assessment of climate change based on published scientific work compiled by independent international experts from climate-related disciplines such as oceanography, atmospheric sciences, marine and terrestrial ecology, using a regional evaluation and review process similar to that of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of our changing climate, discussing a wide range of topics including past, current and future climate change, and climate-related changes in marine, terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. It also explores the impact of climate change on socio-economic sectors such as fisheries, agriculture, coastal zone management, coastal protection, urban climate, recreation/tourism, offshore activities/energy, and air pollution.
Author: Lee R. Benaka
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 488
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Book Description
This book takes the lead in analyzing the essential fish habitat policy in detail and offers insight into how scientists and managers around the country are implementing and supporting habitat research and policy. In 27 chapters, this symposium proceedings presents the findings and conclusions of scientists and policy makers who have been working on EFH policy, and Sea Grant-funded researchers who have been studying fish habitat. Pacific salmon, summer flounder, northern pike, spiny and American lobsters, fishermen's knowledge of habitat, restoration of marsh habitats, and remote sensing of habitat are among the wide variety of important topics covered in this publication. (Midwest).
