Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 804

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Author: Janet T. Spence
Publisher: University of Texas Press
ISBN: 1477303111
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 311

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Book Description
Many societies assign sharply distinguished roles to men and women. Personality differences, as well as physical differences, between men and women are used to justify these different sex roles, and women are seen as more emotionally and interpersonally sensitive than men, while men are said to be more competent, achievement oriented, and assertive than women. A widely held view is that not only do men and women differ but that possession of "masculine" characteristics precludes possession of "feminine" characteristics. This bipolar conception has led to the definition of masculinity and femininity as opposites. Acceptance of this idea has caused social scientists and laypersons to consider men and women who possess cross-sex personality characteristics as less emotionally healthy and socially adjusted than those with sex-appropriate traits. Previous research by the authors and others, done almost exclusively with college students, has shown, however, that masculinity and femininity do not relate negatively to each other, thus supporting a dualistic rather than a bipolar conception of these two psychological dimensions. Spence and Helmreich present data showing that the dualistic conception holds for a large number of groups, varying widely in age, geographical location, socioeconomic status, and patterns of interest, whose psychological masculinity and femininity were measured with an objective instrument, the Personality Attributes Questionnaire, devised by the authors. Many individuals are shown to be appropriately sex-typed; that is, men tend to be high in masculinity and low in femininity and women the reverse. However, a substantial number of men and women are androgynous—high in both masculine and feminine characteristics—while some are not high in either. Importantly, the authors find that androgynous individuals display more self-esteem, social competence, and achievement orientation than individuals who are strong in either masculinity or femininity or are not strong in either. One of the major contributions of the work is the development of a new, multifaceted measure of achievement motivation (the Work and Family Orientation Questionnaire), which can be used successfully to predict behavior in both males and females and is related to masculinity and femininity in both sexes. In addition to investigating the correlates of masculinity and femininity, the authors attempt to isolate parental factors that contribute to the development of these characteristics and achievement motivation. The book includes analyses of data from students on their perception of their parents, which enable the authors to examine the influence of parental masculinity and femininity and parental behaviors and child-rearing attitudes on the development of masculinity and femininity and achievement motivation characteristics in their children. The important implications of these findings for theories of sex roles, personality development, and achievement motivation are examined.

Author: Todd D. Nelson
Publisher: Guilford Publications
ISBN: 1462553389
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 474

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Book Description
Addressing core questions about prejudice and stereotyping--their causes, consequences, and how to reduce them--this noted text is now in a thoroughly revised third edition with 50% new material. Written in an engaging, conversational style, the book brings social-psychological theories and research to life with compelling everyday examples. The text explores the personal and societal impacts of different forms of prejudice. Students learn about the cognitive, emotional, motivational, contextual, and personality processes that make stereotyping and prejudice more (or less) likely to occur. The book reviews anti-bias interventions and critically evaluates the evidence for their effectiveness. Every chapter concludes with an instructive glossary and discussion questions. New to This Edition *Full chapter on implicit prejudice. *Chapters on anti-gay and anti-fat prejudice. *New or updated discussions of timely topics: how children develop prejudice, structural racism, benevolent versus hostile sexism, how contact reduces prejudice, and more.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1128

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Author: Leo P. Chall
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sociology
Languages : en
Pages : 646

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Book Description
CSA Sociological Abstracts abstracts and indexes the international literature in sociology and related disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences. The database provides abstracts of journal articles and citations to book reviews drawn from over 1,800+ serials publications, and also provides abstracts of books, book chapters, dissertations, and conference papers.

Author: James M. O'Neil
Publisher: Amer Psychological Assn
ISBN: 9781433818189
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 408

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Book Description
Men's gender role conflict is a psychological state in which restrictive definitions of masculinity limit men's well-being and human potential. Gender role conflict (GRC) doesn't just harm boys and men, but also girls and women, transgendered people, and society at large. Extensive research relates men's GRC to myriad behavioral problems, including sexism, violence, homophobia, depression, substance abuse, and relationship issues. This book represents a call to action for researchers and practitioners, graduate students, and other mental healthcare professionals to confront men's GRC and reduce its harmful influence on individuals and society. James O'Neil is a pioneer in men's psychology who conceptualized GRC and created the Gender Role Conflict Scale. In this book, he combines numerous studies from renowned scholars in men's psychology with more than 30 years of his own clinical and research experience to promote activism and challenge the status quo. He describes multiple effects of men's GRC, including success, power, and competition issues restricted emotionality restricted affectionate behavior between men conflicts between men's work and family relations. O'Neil also explains when GRC can develop in a man's gender role journey, how to address it through preventative programs and therapy for boys and men, and what initiatives researchers and clinicians can pursue.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sex differences in education
Languages : en
Pages : 532

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 894

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sex differences in education
Languages : en
Pages : 528

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Author: Tara DeLecce
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 019750289X
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 649

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Book Description
Psychological research has produced a rich body of empirical data documenting humanity's propensity to commit infidelity in the context of long-term relationships, but comparatively little work has been dedicated to synthesizing these data into an integrated framework that encompasses the full range of its processes, from why it occurs in the first place to how it affects the long-term relationship thereafter. This edited handbook integrates a broad range of topics such as characteristics related to the propensity to commit infidelity, sex differences in reactions to infidelity, our inclination to dissolve relationships after infidelity, and other responses to infidelity. It showcases contributions from experts in social psychology, evolutionary psychology, and others who specialize in research on romantic relationships. The handbook discusses the processes of infidelity alongside sources of variation, such as sexual orientation, developmental life history, individual differences, and culture. This volume captures the interdisciplinary quality of research on the predictors, nature, and consequences of infidelity for the broader social scientific community interested in trust in romantic relationships.