The Effects of Microstructure on Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of AISI 4037 Fastener Grade Steel PDF Download
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Author: Jack E. Grochowski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Author: Jack E. Grochowski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Author: Tuhin Das
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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"Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is identified as a serious problem even after decades of extensive research, in various industries starting from aerospace to fastener. HE is primarily responsible for the degradation of mechanical performances of a number of metals and alloys that are used nowadays. Among them, high strength steels owing to their widespread applications also suffer from HE failures to a great deal. Hence, this thesis focuses on fundamental issues influencing the susceptibility of three different grades of high strength steels designed for fastener applications.The present work includes investigation of mechanical properties both in presence and absence of hydrogen, microstructural characterisations and direct hydrogen quantification. The mechanical property test methodology is a modification of the ASTM F1624 standard test method to determine hydrogen embrittlement threshold in steels, which facilitates a unique approach to investigate the HE susceptibility of these steel grades. The microstructural characterisation process involves scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to identify the potential hydrogen trap states in microstructure, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Microstructural characterisation also provides useful information to predict local microstructural evolution in the presence of hydrogen and stress. Altogether, a structure-property relationship has been developed for these materials employing a comprehensive investigation process. In addition to it, fracture surface mapping using SEM indicates the mechanisms of failure associated with HE process in these materials. And finally, direct hydrogen quantification methodology using thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) provides further experimental evidence to the above-mentioned facts. Thus, in this work a combined approach involving various research techniques and knowledge has been utilised to investigate the susceptibility of the steel grades and rank them according to their performances under the influence of hydrogen." --
Author: Ellis E. Fletcher
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Steel
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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This report deals with the deleterious effects of hydrogen gas on steel at elevated temperatures and/or pressures. Hydrogen attack on steels is manifest as decarburization, intergranular fissuring, or blistering. These conditions result in lowered tensile strength, ductility, and impact strength. The reaction of hydrogen with iron carbide to form methane is probably the most important chemical reaction involved in the attack on steel by hydrogen. Attack of steel at elevated temperatures and pressures is limited or prevented by the following measures: (1) use of steel alloyed with strong carbide-forming elements, (2) use of liners of resistant alloy steels, and (3) substitution of resistant nonferrous alloys.
Author: A. R. Elsea
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Steel
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Author: Michael Francis Stevens
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 175
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Author: Michael Francis Stevens
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 187
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The general hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of a titanium-bearing HSLA steel has been characterized and correlated with detailed transmission electron and field ion microscopic studies of various microstructures. The hydrogen permeability and trapping in the same microstructures has also been studied through the use of electrochemical polarization and potentiostatic detection. The trapping character of the various microstructures has been determined by comparison with the TEM and FIM results. Hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility has been determined by the use of cathodically precharged cylindrical tensile specimens and hydrogen induced cracking of double cantilever beam type fracture mechanics specimens. The hydrogen permeability studies showed that austenitized and quenched microstructures were composed of essentially low interaction energy reversible trap sites for hydrogen including but not restricted to grain boundaries, solute elements and dislocations. Aging at temperatures between 400 deg C and 500 deg C still resulted in a reversible trap population, although the character of trapping was inferred to have shifted to higher capture-to-release rates from examination of the form of the transient hydrogen exit flux. The introduction of cementite in these microstructures was assumed to be responsible. At aging temperatures of 600 deg c and higher, irreversible trapping of hydrogen was found to occur concurrently with the direct precipitation of the alloy carbide, TiC.
Author: Charles E. Bauer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Microstructure
Languages : en
Pages : 74
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Author: Guillermo Echaniz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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High strength alloy steels typically used for gun steel were investigated to determine their susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. Although AISI grade 4340 was quite susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, ASTM A723 steel, which has identical mechanical properties but slightly different chemistries, was not susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement when exposed to the same conditions. The degree of embrittlement was determined by conducting notched tensile testing on uncharged and cathodically charged specimens. Chemical composition was modified to isolate the effect of alloying elements on hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility. Two steels-Modified A723 (C increased from 0.32% to 0.40%) and Modified 4340 (V increased from 0 to O.12%)-were tested. X-ray diffraction identified the presence of vanadium carbide, V4C3, in A?23 steels, and subsequent hydrogen extraction studies evaluated the trapping effect of vanadium carbide. Based on these tests, it was determined that adding vanadium carbide to 4340 significantly decreased hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility because vanadium carbide traps ties up diffusible hydrogen. The effectiveness of these traps is examined and discussed in this paper.
Author: Joseph R. Davis
Publisher: ASM International
ISBN: 1615030492
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 349
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Book Description
All of the critical technical aspects of gear materials technology are addressed in this new reference work. Gear Materials, Properties, and Manufacture is intended for gear metallurgists and materials specialists, manufacturing engineers, lubrication technologists, and analysts concerned with gear failures who seek a better understanding of gear performance and gear life. This volume complements other gear texts that emphasize the design, geometry, and theory of gears. The coverage begins with an overview of the various types of gears used, important gear terminology, applied stresses and strength requirements associated with gears, and lubrication and wear. This is followed by in-depth treatment of metallic (ferrous and nonferrous alloys) and plastic gear materials. Emphasis is on the properties of carburized steels, the material of choice for high-performance power transmission gearing.
