The Effects of Abdominal and Functional Training on Selected Biomechanical Parameters, Ground Reaction Forces and Muscle Activation of Selected Upper and Lower Extremity Muscles in the Baseball Pitching Sequence of Male Collegiate Pitchers PDF Download
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Author: Clea P. Tucker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biomechanics
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
Author: Clea P. Tucker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biomechanics
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
Author: Matthew J. Gage
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 237
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Book Description
Context: Abdominal training may decrease the risk of lower extremity injuries through improved balance and postural control. Objective: To determine the effect of an eight-week abdominal-training program on center of pressure, lower extremity joint angles, and abdominal muscle activation during a single-leg drop landing. The effects of abdominal training on abdominal muscle thickness was assessed. Design: A cohort research design. Setting: Research laboratory. Other Participants: Sixty healthy physically active college-aged students participated. They were divided into three groups: Control, Chronic ankle instability (CAI), and Healthy. Nineteen Control (age = 22.0 ł 2.72 yrs, mass = 74.1 ł 13.8 kg, height = 172.6 ł 11.3 cm, BMI = 24.8 ł 3.1 %), 21 CAI (age = 22.1 ł 2.3 yrs, mass = 77.6 ł 14.0 kg, height = 175.4 ł 12.3 cm, BMI = 25.1 ł 2.6 %), and 20 healthy (age = 22.9 ł 3.4 yrs, mass = 70.9 ł 15.6 kg, height = 172.2 ł 8.9 cm, BMI = 23.7 ł 3.3 %). Subjects in the CAI group had a history of CAI and functional ankle instability (FAI). The Ankle Instability Index and the Functional Ankle Ability Measure were used to self-report CAI and FAI respectively. Interventions: The CAI and Healthy groups participated in an eight-week abdominal-training program while the Control group maintained their normal activities of daily living and level of physical activity. Main Outcome Measures: Abdominal muscle thickness was measured biweekly throughout the study. Center of pressure excursion, muscle activation, vertical ground reaction force, and lower extremity joint angles were measured during a single-leg drop landing, pre- and postabdominal training. Results: Muscle thickness at rest increased in the rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles follow training. Eight weeks of abdominal training decreased vertical ground reaction forces and muscle activation down the lower kinetic chain. Center of pressure excursion and velocity were increased following training. Conclusions: Eight-weeks of abdominal training increased abdominal muscle thickness. Training improved neuromuscular efficiency throughout the kinetic chain and may have improved dynamic postural control. Our data also suggest CAI subjects may utilize both feedforward and feedback mechanisms to maintain postural control.
Author: Glenn Fleisig
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134932847
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 197
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Book Description
In the movie Bull Durham, frustrated manager Joe Riggins stresses to his team, "This is a simple game. You throw the ball. You hit the ball. You catch the ball." This simplification works well for biomechanists too, as sports can be broken down into specific physical tasks like throwing, hitting, catching, and running. There have been significant advances in understanding some actions, but not others. In the first ten years of the journal Sports Biomechanics, only 18 of 236 articles were about hitting a ball. This scarcity is startling considering that according to USA Today (May 20, 2005), three of the five hardest things to do in sports involve hitting a ball (#1: baseball batting, #4: golf tee shot, and #5: tennis serve return). This book provides the latest biomechanical research in the under-studied field of hitting a ball. The biomechanics of baseball, cricket, hockey, hurling, softball, table tennis, and tennis are all examined. The chapters are written in a style that will both satisfy the high standards of biomechanists and provide information for instructors and athletes to improve performance. This book is based on a special issue of Sports Biomechanics.
Author: Roger Bartlett
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135818177
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
First published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Author: Joseph Hamill
Publisher: LWW
ISBN: 9781451177305
Category : Biomechanics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Focusing on the quantitative nature of biomechanics, this book integrates current literature, meaningful numerical examples, relevant applications, hands-on exercises, and functional anatomy, physics, calculus, and physiology to help students - regardless of their mathematical background - understand the full continuum of human movement potential.
Author: Cristine Agresta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 143
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Book Description
Running injuries have been linked to poor lower extremity dynamic alignment, increased whole body and joint loading, and insufficient modulation of stiffness throughout stance phase. Upper body muscle activity and movement have a relationship to lower body dynamics; however, the literature has largely neglected their role during running. To date, biomechanical gait analysis has primarily focused on lower extremity mechanics and muscle activation patterns with no studies investigating the role of functional muscle synergies on stability and loading during running. Therefore, the primary objective of this project is to determine the role of the Back Functional Line (BFL), via measure of latissimus dorsi (LD), gluteus maximus (GM), and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle activity, during running and to determine their influence on lower extremity kinematics and kinematic predictors of loading that are linked to running-related injuries (RRI). We used conditions of arm swing constraint to manipulate the action of the LD and investigate the response in GM and VL muscles. Our main variables of interest include: 1) BFL muscle activity, specifically mean and peak amplitude, onset, and co-activation of the LD and GM 2) frontal plane lower extremity kinematics, and 3) kinematic predictors of kinetics, specifically foot inclination angle at initial contact and vertical COM displacement. Twenty healthy recreational runners (10 M; 10 F) participated in this study. Male runners tended to be slighter older with a higher weekly running mileage and longer running history. All participants were between the ages of 18 and 55 years old and consistently ran at least once per week. Participants ran under three arm conditions - free arm swing, unilateral arm swing constraint, and bilateral arm swing constraint. During the running trials, surface EMG and lower extremity kinematics were collected over the gait cycle. We operationally defined the primary BFL as the muscle synergy composed of the non-dominant upper extremity (i.e., constrained side during unilateral condition) LD muscle, the dominant GM muscle, and the dominant VL muscle. The secondary BFL was defined as the dominant upper extremity (i.e., unconstrained during unilateral condition) LD muscle, the non-dominant GM muscle, and the non-dominant VL muscle. Primary and secondary BFL muscle synergy activity were analyzed during two specific phases of gait - the pre-activation (PA) phase and the loading response (LR) phase. In support of the hypothesis, the primary BFL LD mean amplitude decreased during both the PA and LR phases of gait. GM and VL muscle mean amplitude demonstrated a varied response. During the PA phase, both the GM and VL muscles increased during the unilateral condition and decreased during the bilateral condition. During LR phase, GM and VL muscles increased during both arm swing constraint conditions. The highest increase in amplitude was seen during the unilateral condition. Peak amplitudes for each muscle did not change dramatically across conditions for either the PA or LR phases of gait. Secondary BFL LD and GM mean and peak amplitude increased during both the PA and LR phases of gait, with changes during the LR phase reaching significance for both muscles. Secondary BFL VL also increased in mean and peak amplitude during the bilateral constraint condition. GM and VL mean and peak muscle amplitude were significantly correlated during the LR phase, but not for the PA phase. This indicates that the lower extremity muscles of the BFL (GM and VL) may not be preparing for impact similarly but are adjusting muscle activity in a similar fashion as the lower limb is loaded. The increase in muscle amplitude for secondary BFL muscles, particularly during the LR phase of gait, may have resulted from a difference between lower limb strength or lower extremity single leg stability. Onset of muscle activity during loading response did not significantly differ across conditions for the LD, GM, or VL muscles, however, analysis of co-activation demonstrated that LD and GM were in-phase throughout the gait cycle. This suggests that this portion of the BFL may be acting together to stabilize the lumbopelvic-hip complex (LPHC) during running. LD and GM appeared to be co-activated throughout the gait cycle regardless of arm swing variation. Instability, either from asymmetrical movement patterns or poor single leg stability may contribute to the activation of the BFL muscle synergy. GM increased during the unilateral arm swing constraint during both phase and for both BFL synergies, indicating that asymmetrical movement patterns may induce a potential instability or an unstable state requiring the need for greater stability around the LPHC. Knee frontal plane kinematics changed significantly across conditions. Knee abduction angle showed the greatest increase during the unilateral arm swing constraint condition suggesting that asymmetrical movement patterns effect lower extremity mechanics more so than symmetrical patterns (i.e., bilateral arm swing restriction or free arm swing). Hip adduction and contralateral pelvic drop angles did not differ significantly across conditions. Our study did not find a significant relationship between BFL muscle activity and knee abduction angles. Participants demonstrated larger knee abduction angles on their non-dominant limb at midstance. The corresponding (secondary) BFL LD and GM demonstrated a significant increase during the LR phase. This may indicate that BFL muscle activity is engaged when the need for lower limb stability is greater, either due to poor single leg dynamic control or abnormal frontal plane mechanics. Kinematic predictors of joint and whole-body loading differed across conditions. Vertical COM displacement was significantly decreased during the bilateral arm swing constraint condition. Foot inclination angle at initial contact did not significantly change with arm swing constraint. Differences were found between right and left lower extremity foot strikes (i.e., foot inclination angle) across all conditions; the non-dominant limb demonstrated greater plantarflexion during initial contact. Knee flexion angle at initial contact and peak knee flexion during stance did not demonstrate a significant change. Muscle activity was not significantly correlated to kinematic predictors. Spatiotemporal measures altered with arm swing suppression. Stride length decreased and step rate increased significantly. Taken together, these results suggest that runners alter spatiotemporal measures more so than sagittal plane kinematics when adjusting to arm swing suppression. The role of the BFL muscle synergy during running remains unclear. Asymmetrical movement patterns and arm swing restriction appear to influence BFL muscle activity and lower extremity kinematics. Single leg stability, particularly during the LR phase, may alter BFL muscle activity due to the need for increased stabilization of the loaded limb and the LPHC. Future research is needed to determine how these variables impact BFL muscle activation and whether injured runners respond differently to arm swing constraint during running.
Author: Giovanni Di Giacomo
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319714988
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 671
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Book Description
This book will serve as a key resource for all clinicians working in orthopedics, sports medicine, and rehabilitation for the sport of tennis. It provides clinically useful information on evaluation and treatment of the tennis player, covering the entire body and both general medical and orthopedic musculoskeletal topics. Individual sections focus on tennis-related injuries to the shoulder, the elbow, wrist, and hand, the lower extremities, and the core/spine, explaining treatment and rehabilitation approaches in detail. Furthermore, sufficient sport science information is presented to provide the clinical reader with extensive knowledge of tennis biomechanics and the physiological aspects of training and rehabilitation. Medical issues in tennis players, such as nutrition and hydration, are also discussed, and a closing section focuses on other key topics, including movement dysfunction, periodization, core training, and strength and conditioning specifics. The expansive list of worldwide contributors and experts coupled with the comprehensive and far-reaching chapter provision make this the highest-level tennis medicine book ever published.
Author: Peter M. McGinnis
Publisher: Human Kinetics
ISBN: 1492581585
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 460
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Book Description
Please note: This text was replaced with a fourth edition. This version is available only for courses using the third edition and will be discontinued at the end of the semester. Taking a unique approach to the presentation of mechanical concepts, Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise eBook, Third Edition With Web Resource, introduces exercise and sport biomechanics in simple terms. By providing mechanics before functional anatomy, the book helps students understand forces and their effects before studying how body structures deal with forces. Students will learn to appreciate the consequences of external forces, how the body generates internal forces to maintain position, and how forces create movement in physical activities. Rather than presenting the principles as isolated and abstract, the text enables students to discover the principles of biomechanics for themselves through observation. By examining ordinary activities firsthand, students will develop meaningful explanations resulting in a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanical concepts. This practical approach combines striking visual elements with clear and concise language to encourage active learning and improved comprehension. This updated edition maintains the organization and features that made previous editions user friendly, such as a quick reference guide of frequently used equations printed on the inside cover and review questions at the end of each chapter to test students’ understanding of important concepts. The third edition also incorporates new features to facilitate learning: • Two online resources incorporate sample problems and use of video to allow practical application of the material. • New art and diagrams enhance problem sets and help students visualize the mechanics of real-world scenarios. • Increased number of review questions (200) and problem sets (120) provide an opportunity for practical application of concepts. • Greater emphasis on the basics, including improved descriptions of conversions and an expanded explanation of the assumption of point mass when modeling objects, provides a stronger foundation for understanding. • New content on deriving kinematic data from video or film and the use of accelerometers in monitoring physical activity keeps students informed of technological advances in the field. Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise eBook, Third Edition With Web Resource, is supplemented with two companion resources that will help students better comprehend the material. Packaged with this e-book, the web resource includes all of the problems from the book, separated by chapter, plus 18 sample problems that guide students step by step through the process of solving. This e-book may also be enhanced with access to MaxTRAQ Educational 2D software for Windows. MaxTRAQ Educational 2D software enables students to analyze and quantify real-world sport movements in video clips and upload their own video content for analysis. The software supplements the final section of the text that bridges the concepts of internal and external forces with the application of biomechanics; it also provides an overview of the technology used in conducting quantitative biomechanical analyses. The MaxTRAQ Educational 2D software must be purchased separately to supplement this e-book at the MaxTRAQ website. Instructors will benefit from an updated ancillary package. An instructor guide outlines each chapter and offers step-by-step solutions to the quantitative problems presented, as well as sample lecture topics, student activities, and teaching tips. A test package makes it easy to prepare quizzes and tests, and an image bank contains most of the figures and tables from the text for use in developing course presentations. Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise, Third Edition, is ideal for those needing a deeper understanding of biomechanics from a qualitative perspective. Thoroughly updated and expanded, this text makes the biomechanics of physical activity easy to understand and apply.
Author: Jonathan C. Reeser
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470693126
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 245
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Book Description
This addition to the Handbook series is presented in five sections. The first sections covers basic and applied science, including biomechanics, the physiologic demands of volleyball, conditioning and nutrition. The second section looks at the role of the medical professional in volleyball, covering team physicians, pre-participation examination, medical equipment at courtside and emergency planning. The third section looks at injuries - including prevention, epidemiology, upper and lower limb injuries and rehabilitation. The next section looks at those volleyball players who require special consideration: the young, the disabled, and the elite, as well as gender issues. Finally, section five looks at performance enhancement.
Author: Robert A. Donatelli, PhD, PT, OCS
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0443066426
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
A comprehensive resource for focusing on returning injured athletes to their optimal performance! This book discusses exercise principles; muscle fatigue, muscle damage, and overtraining concepts; pathophysiology of overuse injuries; core evaluation in sports-specific testing; physiological basis of exercise specific to sport; and special considerations for the athlete. Secial features such as evidence-based clinical application boxes provide the reader with a solid body of research upon which to base their practice. Aligned to the Guide to Physical Therapy Practice to help learn how to work with athletes' injuries and help them make a physical comeback while following best practices. Incorporation of muscle physiology demonstrates it as the basis for athlete's exercise prescription. Coverage of pathophysiology of overuse injuries illustrates the damage to the musculoskeletal system. Inclusion of treatment and training approaches for athletic rehabilitation shows how to restore the musculoskeletal system back to full flexibility, strength, power, and endurance. Evidence-based clinical application boxes found throughout the book cite key studies and provide real-world application to a clinical setting. Extensive photographs show hands-on demonstrations of important rehabilitation techniques, helping the cinician to accurately apply them during treatment.
