The Effect of Radionuclide Fractionation on the Normalization Factor for Fallout Fields PDF Download
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Author: G. R. Crocker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radioactive fallout
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
This report compares the normalization factor, r/hr per kt/mi]2, calculated for unfractionated fission products with the normalization factors calculated from field data for a near-surface silicate soil burst and a silicate soil cratering burst. The large discrepancies between predicted and observed values appear to be caused by a combination of radionuclide fractionation, ground roughness and instrument self-shielding, and gradient effects. Fractionation effects can cause a difference of a factor of five in the normalization factors for surface and cratering bursts, allowing about 50% reduction in radiation due to ground roughness and instrument self-shielding. Ionization-chamber measurements on field-collected samples are correlated with their degree of fractionation in this report, and a reasonable correspondence between the ionization-chamber readings and the exposure rates measured in the field is established.
Author: G. R. Crocker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radioactive fallout
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
This report compares the normalization factor, r/hr per kt/mi]2, calculated for unfractionated fission products with the normalization factors calculated from field data for a near-surface silicate soil burst and a silicate soil cratering burst. The large discrepancies between predicted and observed values appear to be caused by a combination of radionuclide fractionation, ground roughness and instrument self-shielding, and gradient effects. Fractionation effects can cause a difference of a factor of five in the normalization factors for surface and cratering bursts, allowing about 50% reduction in radiation due to ground roughness and instrument self-shielding. Ionization-chamber measurements on field-collected samples are correlated with their degree of fractionation in this report, and a reasonable correspondence between the ionization-chamber readings and the exposure rates measured in the field is established.
Author: E. C. Freiling
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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This report illustrates a proposed definition of surface density of contamination for the deposit of fractionated fallout. The illustrations employed give estimates of the dependence of exposure-dose rate on the degree of radionuclide fractionation and of the sensitivity of this dependence to independent fission yield input data, total yield of the device, and time of exposure.
Author: Lewis Van Clief Spencer
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Category : Civil defense
Languages : en
Pages : 992
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Author:
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Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 908
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Author:
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Category : Weights and measures
Languages : en
Pages : 984
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Author:
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Category : Agricultural ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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The report presents the results of the Workshop on Survival of Food Crops and Livestock in the Event of Nuclear War, held in Front Royal, Virginia, on October 17-19, 1972. Results included delineation of the status of research and research requirements in the following fields: livestock vulnerability, crop vulnerability, ecological and environmental disturbances and effects, radiation constraints on operations (radiation denial), agricultural production system relationships, salvage, damage assessment, and operational planning and implementation. Appendices A, B, and C represent a major part of the report. Appendix A reports on the fallout properties and their significance to agriculture. Appendix B is a review of beta dose research and its application to agricultural problems. Appendix C is a summary report of the Stanford Research Institute beta dosimetry research in 1972. Condensed versions of three formal foreign presentations are given in Appendix D. (Modified author abstract).
Author:
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Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 652
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Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789201130099
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Provides data for use in assessments of routine discharges of radionuclides to terrestrial and freshwater environments. Some of the data may also be useful for assessing the impacts of accidental releases and releases in the future.
Author:
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Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 1288
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Author:
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Category : Soil pollution
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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