The Discovery, Validation, and Fine Mapping of Stripe Rust Resistance QTL in a Hexaploid Wheat Mapping Population PDF Download
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Author: Iago Zebediah Lowe
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267029041
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The bane of wheat-based agricultural societies for millennia, the rust diseases continue to pose the single largest biotic threat to global wheat production despite more than a century of systematic scientific work on this important pathosystem. Recent breaches of numerous widely deployed sources of resistance have brought the wheat rusts once more to the center of global agricultural concerns and urge us to consider how, aided by new tools in molecular genetics and genomics, we may one day develop truly durable strategies of resistance to these sophisticated and evolving pathogens. Chapter 1 provides an historical overview of wheat rust resistance and argues that a new conceptual framework, one prioritizing the functional classification of quantitative resistance genes, is needed if the objective of developing deployable strategies of durable rust resistance is to be met. Chapter 2 details the identification and validation of stripe rust resistance QTL segregating in a hexaploid wheat mapping population. By focusing on sources of partial resistance, phenotyping under pressure from a broadly-virulent pathogen population in the field, characterizing the mapping population over multiple seasons, and validating the discovered QTL in independent populations, this study models the approach to rust resistance QTL identification and validation outlined in the first chapter. Chapter 3 presents the reasons for prioritizing continued investment in Yr48, a non-major resistance gene identified in the described mapping population. This discussion is followed by further phenotypic characterization of Yr48 and dissection of its validated QTL region, work which sets the stage for the construction of a physical map of the Yr48 region and the positional cloning of this novel source of resistance. The final section of this dissertation outlines the likely future research activities motivated by the results presented in the previous chapters. While it may be several years before Yr48 is cloned, this dissertation provides a solid justification and foundation for that work. And through its eventual identification and functional characterization, Yr48 promises to advance our understanding of the mechanisms of quantitative resistance to wheat stripe rust and thereby facilitate the long-term goal of engineering strategies of durable resistance to this historic agricultural pathogen.
Author: Iago Zebediah Lowe
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267029041
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The bane of wheat-based agricultural societies for millennia, the rust diseases continue to pose the single largest biotic threat to global wheat production despite more than a century of systematic scientific work on this important pathosystem. Recent breaches of numerous widely deployed sources of resistance have brought the wheat rusts once more to the center of global agricultural concerns and urge us to consider how, aided by new tools in molecular genetics and genomics, we may one day develop truly durable strategies of resistance to these sophisticated and evolving pathogens. Chapter 1 provides an historical overview of wheat rust resistance and argues that a new conceptual framework, one prioritizing the functional classification of quantitative resistance genes, is needed if the objective of developing deployable strategies of durable rust resistance is to be met. Chapter 2 details the identification and validation of stripe rust resistance QTL segregating in a hexaploid wheat mapping population. By focusing on sources of partial resistance, phenotyping under pressure from a broadly-virulent pathogen population in the field, characterizing the mapping population over multiple seasons, and validating the discovered QTL in independent populations, this study models the approach to rust resistance QTL identification and validation outlined in the first chapter. Chapter 3 presents the reasons for prioritizing continued investment in Yr48, a non-major resistance gene identified in the described mapping population. This discussion is followed by further phenotypic characterization of Yr48 and dissection of its validated QTL region, work which sets the stage for the construction of a physical map of the Yr48 region and the positional cloning of this novel source of resistance. The final section of this dissertation outlines the likely future research activities motivated by the results presented in the previous chapters. While it may be several years before Yr48 is cloned, this dissertation provides a solid justification and foundation for that work. And through its eventual identification and functional characterization, Yr48 promises to advance our understanding of the mechanisms of quantitative resistance to wheat stripe rust and thereby facilitate the long-term goal of engineering strategies of durable resistance to this historic agricultural pathogen.
Author: Nicolas Cobo
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780438628434
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Cereal rusts are among the most destructive plant diseases, and have affected human food supply for millennia. Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is currently the most important of the three wheat rusts in California. Since the year 2000, the appearance of newer, more virulent and aggressive Pst races with tolerance to high temperatures has been associated with devastating epidemics worldwide and prompted the search for new sources of Pst resistance. In Chapter 1, four Pst resistance QTL effective against the new Pst races were identified using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross between the Argentinean varieties Klein Proteo and Klein Chajá. These QTL showed additive effects and they confer adequate levels of field resistance when combined. However, only QYr.ucw-1BL showed effective adult-plant resistance (APR) during the six years it was tested (P
Author: Jeffrey David Kovach
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780355408058
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
Author: Xianming Chen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9402411119
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 723
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Book Description
This book comprehensively introduces stripe rust disease, its development and its integral control. Covering the biology, genetics, genome, and functional genomics of the pathogen, it also discusses host and non-host resistance, their interactions and the epidemiology of the disease. It is intended for scientists, postgraduates and undergraduate studying stripe rust, plant pathology, crop breeding, crop protection and agricultural science, but is also a valuable reference book for consultants and administrators in agricultural businesses and education.
Author: Esra Alwan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 183
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Book Description
Hessian fly and stripe rust are major pests of spring wheat in the Pacific Northwest and cultivar resistance is a primary breeding goal. Hessian fly (HF) infestations continue to cause significant yield losses in spring wheat in the Pacific Northwest. In wheat, resistance to Hessian fly is usually controlled in a gene for gene manner, similar to other pathosystems. Hessian fly resistance genes in wheat have been failing as a result to the rapid evolutionary pace of the insect. Stripe rust (denoted by Yr) is a destructive foliar disease of wheat casing damage on an annual basis. Most of the Yr named resistance genes have been overcome as a result of the continuing emergence of new virulence races. Genetic resistance remains the most effective and economical approach to minimize yield losses and respond to pathogen evolution. A doubled haploid (DH) mapping population was generated from a cross between two elite spring wheat lines; 'WA8076', and 'HT080158LU'. The DH population was genotyped with 90K SNP markers using the Illumina Infinium platform. Phenotypic assessment was carried out on the DH population for both Hessian fly and stripe rust response. The genotyping efforts resulted in a total 15,236 polymorphic SNP markers used to establish a high-density genetic map. A single Hessian fly resistance gene (HFR) derived from 'WA8076' was detected on the distal region of chromosome 6BS, flanked by two SNP markers IWB71431 and IWB61175 at a distance of 2.6 cM. In addition, a total of 13 genes/QTL were found to be associated with stripe rust resistance. The adapted superior lines with Yr resistance will be directly incorporated in subsequent breeding efforts as a durable source of resistance. The closely linked SNP markers to the resistance loci, identified in this study, will provide an effective tool to accurately identify, select, and integrate the HF and Yr resistance genes into existing wheat cultivars. The highly dense SNP-based genetic map provides useful information for fine mapping and finding candidate genes underlying QTLs as well as marker-assisted breeding. Furthermore, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) we performed for both seedling and adult plant response in a diverse population of winter wheat germplasm. The population was genotyped with the 90K iSelect wheat single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Our GWAS study identified a total of 26 loci, comprising a range of existing and novel loci associated with stripe rust resistance. Resistance loci in the winter wheat germplasm can be exploited in the development of broadly-effective disease-resistant commercial wheat cultivars.
Author: Carmen Johanne Barkley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Stripe rust
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Wheat (Triticum spp.) is a crop of major economic and dietary importance. In the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, soft white wheat is the primary class of wheat grown and is an important export product for the region. Soft white wheat flour is especially important in producing products such as cookies, crackers, pancakes, noodles and pastry products. The goal of this project was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for end-use quality and stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) resistance in a double haploid mapping population derived from a cross between a soft white winter club wheat, ‘Cara’, and a soft white winter lax wheat, ‘Xerpha’. The mapping population of 126 individuals was grown across 12 environments from 2013 to 2017 and rated for stripe rust resistance. In a separate experiment, it was grown in 16 different locations from 2013 to 2016 and phenotyped for 16 end-use quality traits. A linkage map of 23 linkage groups was constructed for the population using 1282 genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and KASP markers. QTL analysis revealed 35 significant QTL for stripe rust resistance. Two of the most interesting markers in the stripe rust resistance analysis were IWB38687 and A2927, which were each associated with three separate QTL. Analysis of the end-use quality trait data identified 22 significant QTL. Some of the most significant QTL identified for end-use quality traits had LOD scores well over five and explained over 15% of the variance in the trait they were associated with. Some of the markers identified in this study could be good targets for marker assisted selection in PNW wheat breeding programs, especially because the parents of our mapping population are commonly used in breeding programs in the PNW.
Author: Emily Frances Klarquist
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Stripe rust
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Simarjit Kaur
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 139
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Book Description
Author: Liselotte Selter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 79
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Book Description
Author: Shitaye Homma Megerssa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn is the most destructive disease of durum and common wheat. The main focus of this study is to identify loci associated with stem rust resistance in durum wheat using association mapping and linkage mapping. A panel of 283 lines and 224 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between 'Reichenbachii' and 'DAKIYE' developed by the durum wheat breeding program of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) were used for the study. The panel was evaluated against races TTKSK, TKTTF, JRCQC and TTRTF at the seedling stage and TKTTF and JRCQC in the field in Ethiopia from 2018 to 2019 for two seasons. The same panel was evaluated against bulk of multiple stem rust races prevalent in Ethiopia and Kenya from 2018 to 2019 in five environments. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using 26,439 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for seedling response (280 lines) and field response (283 lines) to stem rust. The RILs along with the two parents were evaluated for response to bulk of multiple stem rust races in Ethiopia and Kenya for two seasons from 2019 to 2020. Linkage analyses were conducted using 843 SNP markers for 175 lines. For GWAS of seedling response, a mixed linear model (MLM) identified 17 quantitative trait loci (QTL) of which eight were putatively novel while FarmCPU identified 20 QTL and 12 were likely novel. For field resistance to races TKTTF and JRCQC, MLM detected 19 QTL of which 12 were likely novel while FarmCPU detected 16 QTL and seven were putatively novel. For resistance to multiple Pgt races in East Africa, 160 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) grouped into 42 QTL were identified using MLM and FarmCPU and 21 QTL were likely novel. From previously reported Sr genes, the regions of Sr7a, Sr8a, Sr8155B1, Sr11, Sr12, alleles of Sr13, Sr17, Sr22/Sr25, and Sr49 were identified. For the biparental population, composite interval mapping (CIM) identified three QTL on chromosomes 3B (QSr.cnl-3B), 4B (QSr.cnl-4B) and 7B (QSr.cnl-7B). These three QTL contributed by the resistant parent explained 4.7% to 15.3% of the phenotypic variation and all match previously reported loci. Lines with multiple-race stem rust resistance can be used as parents in durum wheat resistance breeding to stem rust and markers identified in the GWAS can be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) once validated in a different population. Further study on the validation of allele specific markers and allelism tests in the Sr13 region of chromosome 6A is needed. Future evaluation of large numbers of durum wheat lines and searching for durable adult plant resistance gene is crucial in resistance breeding of durum wheat.
