Author: Evan Hermanson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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The purpose of this study was to examine if there is a correlation between physical activity status and depressive symptoms in undergraduate college students. Physical activity was measured through self-reported questions, while depressive symptoms were measured through the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). A correlation research design was used, with the alpha set as 0.05. The most significant correlations were between physical activity status and the responses to the BDI-II questionnaire responses. Seven of the 21 questions had a significant correlation with physical activity status. Question 5 regarding guilt (p=-0.337), question 10 regarding crying (p=-0.417), question 14 regarding appearance (p=-0.510), question 15 regarding work (p=-0.600), question 17 regarding fatigue(p=-0.490), question 18 regarding appetite(p=-0.364), and question 20 regarding health worries (p=-0.363) had significant correlations with physical activity status. These findings suggest that a relationship exists between physical activity and depressive symptoms.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 47
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Depressive symptoms among adolescents is an important public health issue. In 2015, the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) reported that nearly 30 percent of today’s youth experienced feelings of sadness and hopelessness for two weeks or more. The stigma associated with mental health disorders and potential side effects of pharmacological treatment underscore the importance of investigating how lifestyle choices, such as physical activity might contribute to depressive symptoms. Participating in physical activity is associated with improved mood and fewer depressive symptoms in adults. However, less is known about the association between physical activity and depressive symptoms among US adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate the potential correlation between three physical activity behaviors and two sedentary behaviors and depressive symptoms among adolescents. The current thesis performed a cross-sectional analysis using the 2015 YRBS to assess the associations among physical activity, participating in physical education and in sports, television use, non-educational electronic use, and depressive symptoms (outcome) among US high school students. Adjusting for gender, grade, race and overweight status, results from the multivariate analyses revealed that engaging in five or more days of physical activity (PA) a week and participating in at least one sports team per year was negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Further, high daily non-educational electronic use (three or more hours) was found to be positively associated with depressive symptoms, especially among females. Interaction effects were found between non-educational electronic use and gender, and among sports team participation and race. This study’s findings show that physical activity, specifically participation in sports teams, was inversely associated with adolescents’ depressive symptoms. Future research may corroborate these findings using longitudinal data. If confirmed in prospective studies using representative samples, mental health care professionals should consider incorporating recommendations for engaging in physical activity in their care plans for some adolescents with depressive symptoms. Another opportunity may be for schools to encourage students to be more physically active and participate in sports teams, not only for healthy weight but for mental health as well.
Author: Allie K. Mirek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : College students
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Anxiety and depression among college students is not a new topic but is one of increasing importance and relevance given the changes seen in the social, political, and professional environments of the United States. Students are faced with numerous daily stressors, academic and personal, that take a toll on their health and impact their success. For some students, this stress can be coupled with a diagnosis of anxiety or depression. At Southern Connecticut State University (SCSU) alone, there has been an increase in the rates of reported diagnoses of anxiety and depression in the custom student health surveys from 2012 to 2016. In addition to mental health, physical activity among college students is a popular topic in many health-related fields. Physical activity is known to be related to mental health in that more physical activity is correlated with better mental health. The current study examined the association between mental health and physical activity. There was no significant association found between mental health and physical activity. However, binary logistic regression found several significant adjusted odds ratios between any mental health diagnosis and several covariates. Most notably, females had greater odds of having any mental health diagnosis than males and students identifying as Black non-Hispanic had lower odds of having any mental health diagnosis. The findings of the present study provide insight into the undergraduate population at SCSU and indicate areas for future research to be performed.
Author: Taylor McFadden
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Background: In Canada, women aged 15-24 report the highest rate of depression, an age group which represents a significant proportion of undergraduate students (Hanlon, 2012). Although pharmacology remains the primary treatment for depression, it may not be the most sufficient (Stanton et al., 2014). Physical activity has been demonstrated to have a large and significant antidepressant effect in individuals with depression (Schuch et al., 2016), though what remains challenging is identifying the most effective way to activate this population. Physical Activity Counselling (PAC) has been shown in research to effectively increase levels of physical activity (Fortier et al., 2011). However, the effects of PAC have not been considered in a population of female students with depression specifically. Purpose: To investigate the effects of PAC on depressive symptoms, affect and physical activity in female undergraduate students with depression. Methods: Five female undergraduate students with depression received two months of PAC from a registered Kinesiologist. The study followed a multiple baseline, single-subject design in which measures were taken during four study phases: baseline, intervention, end point and follow-up. Data was collected, including daily objective measures of physical activity, using accelerometers, and self-reported measures of depressive symptoms, positive affect, negative affect and physical activity, using online surveys administered every second day. Results: Visual analyses revealed that depressive symptoms decreased and self-reported physical activity increased from baseline throughout subsequent study phases in all five participants, as hypothesized. Statistical analyses supported these results. Estimated effect sizes of grouped averages indicated that decreases in depressive symptoms from baseline throughout each study phase ranged from small to large, while increases in self-reported physical activity were in the medium to large range. Conclusions: Findings of this study provide initial support for Physical Activity Counselling as a potential strategy to increase physical activity levels and reduce depression among female undergraduate students with depression. Future research is recommended on this important topic.
Author: Orville Gilbert Brim
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 9780226074757
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 716
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Childhood, adolescence, even the "twilight years" have been extensively researched and documented. But the vast terrain known as midlife—the longest segment of the life course—has remained uncharted. How physically and psychologically healthy are Americans at midlife? And why do some experience greater well-being than others? The MacArthur Foundation addressed these questions head-on by funding a landmark study known as "Midlife in the U.S.," or MIDUS. For the first time in a single study, researchers were able to integrate epidemiological, sociological, and psychological assessments, as well as innovative new measures to evaluate how work and family life influence each other. How Healthy Are We? presents the key findings from the survey in three sections: physical health, quality of life and psychological well-being, and the contexts (family, work) of the midlife. The topics covered by almost forty scholars in a wide variety of fields are vast, including everything from how health and well-being vary with socioeconomic standing, gender, race, or region of the country to how middle-aged people differ from younger or older adults in their emotional experience and quality of life. This health—the study measures not only health-the absence of illness—but also reports on the presence of wellness in middle-aged Americans. The culmination of a decade and a half of research by leading scholars, How Healthy Are We? will dramatically alter the way we think about health in middle age and the factors that influence it. Researchers, policymakers, and others concerned about the quality of midlife in contemporary America will welcome its insights. * Having a good life means having good relationships with others to almost 70% of those surveyed. Less than 40% mentioned their careers. * Reports of disruptive daily stressors vary by age, with young adults and those in midlife experiencing more than those in later adulthood. * Men have higher assessments of their physical and mental health than woman until the age of 60.
Author: Dorian James Hayden
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Mental health challenges have been steadily increasing around college campuses, with consistent findings pointing to ethnic minorities and low socioeconomic groups adversely affected and needing more support than their counterparts. On the other end, physical activity (PA) has consistently been associated with positive mental health outcomes. Therefore, further understanding the relationship among race, socioeconomic status, and PA, as well as college students personal experiences on campuses, is of great importance to improve college student well-being. This two-study dissertation sought to address these relationships. Study 1 evaluated differences in mental health across race, parental education (proxy for SES) and PA. Student obstacles to using on-campus mental health and PA resources were examined in a mixed methods design. Most of the data was collected prior to the establishment of COVID-19 restrictions at a large Midwest university. Mental health levels were anticipated to vary between the variables of race, parental education, and PA, which was partially supported. Results showed that low SES participants had significantly higher levels of depression, while PA was associated with lower levels of anxiety and stress.Study 2 sought to replicate findings of study 1 and test the relationships within the context of a diathesis-stress model that includes PA using an expanded sample of students drawn from a large Midwest university and a smaller East Coast university. In addition to replicating study 1 findings, study 2 yielded several themes that revealed common obstacles of college students and how they overcome those obstacles. The hypothesized relationship among race, SES, PA and mental health was partially supported. Specifically, participants whose parents or guardians had lower levels of education reported higher levels of anxiety, while there were significant differences in mental health across different levels of PA. The other goal of this study was to map the above relationship onto a PA moderating model, including variables of race, parental education, depression, stress, and anxiety, based on an adapted diathesis-stress model. This relationship was not supported by the data. Free response answers revealed interesting themes related to the college student experience and campus resources. Focus groups added to this through discussions on topics like the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health, and advice for future students. Data from study 2 was collected while COVID-19 pandemic restrictions were in place. Overall results expanded knowledge on the experience of COVID-19 on college campus and the interconnection between race, parental education, PA, and mental health. Further social relations were important for student wellbeing. Students' also shared obstacles they faced with the use of on campus mental health and other resources.
Author: David A. Tobar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Author: Hyosoon Yim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Health services administration
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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As the number of international college students has increased dramatically since the 2000s (U.S. Mission Nigeria, 2018), depressive symptoms among this group have become a crucial issue in the United States. Notably, it is widely accepted that international college students are more vulnerable to depressive symptoms than their domestic peers (Krämer and others, 2004; Mori, 2000; Yeh and Inose, 2003). A number of researchers suggest that acculturative stress is one of the most influential factors of this phenomenon (Constantine, Okazaki, and Utsey, 2004; Hamamura and Laird, 2014; Rice and others, 2012; Wei and others, 2007; Wilton and Constantine, 2003; Ying and Han, 2006; Zhang, 2012; Zhang and Goodson, 2011). Acculturative stress is a unique stress caused by the adaptation process of immigrants, such as homesickness or perceived discrimination (Berry, 1997). Acculturative stress buffers the adaptation of international students, leading to a variety of concerns and causes mental problems such as interpersonal problems (Nicholson, 1997), perceived discrimination (Aroian and others, 1998), and feelings of marginalization and depressive symptoms (Hwang and Ting, 2008). Previous researchers have examined international students' financial (Kono and others, 2015; Meghani and Harvey, 2016), sociocultural (Cruwys and others, 2013), and linguistic barriers (Belizaire and Fuertes, 2011; Mori, 2000; Yeh and Inose, 2003) that can cause acculturative stress, resulting in a higher level of depressive symptoms. Physical activity has been regarded to be one of the best options as a means to reduce stress derived from such challenges (Carek, Laibstain, and Carek, 2011; Dunn, Trivedi, and Kampert, 2005; Dunn, Trivedi, and O'Neal, 2001; Lawlor and Hopker, 2001; Sale, Guppy, and El-Sayed, 2000). Despite the distinctive social nature of sport to promote the adaptation of immigrants in the new society (Lee and Funk, 2010; Lee and others, 2019; Stodolska and Alexandris, 2004), many scholars defined and measured sport participation in the same manner as unorganized exercise or leisure. Considering not only the physical (Herring, 2010; Lee and others, 2012) and psychological (Carek, Laibstain, and Carek, 2011; Dunn, Trivedi, and Kampert, 2005; Dunn, Trivedi, and O'Neal, 2001) benefits but also the unique social nature (Krouwel and others, 2006; Miller and Hoffman, 2009) of sport participation, I examined sport participation as a means to alleviate acculturative stress and depressive symptoms among international college students based on the theoretical framework of the Integrative Model of Acculturation and Salutogenesis. To achieve the research purpose, I investigated a total of 203 international college students in the United States. Participants completed a questionnaire distributed via the crowdsourcing platform - Prolific. The following steps were included in the data analysis: (1) assessing the correlation between sport participation, acculturative stress, and depressive symptoms; and (2) measuring the indirect effect of sport participation on depressive symptoms through acculturative stress by conducting a regression analysis using PROCESS macro (Model 4) developed by Preacher and Hayes (2008). The results provided evidence that sport participation was significantly and negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Also, acculturative stress was significantly and positively associated with depressive symptoms. On the other hand, sport participation was not significantly associated with acculturative stress. Finally, acculturative stress did not mediate the relationship between sport participation and depressive symptoms. This study is significant both at the university and society levels. At the university level, findings from this research should provide practical implications to further strategic plans to address one of the fastest-growing phenomena in the United States. Specifically, based on the findings of the current study, universities may be able to create an agenda regarding the promotion and implementation of appropriate sport delivery systems which can enhance their international students' mental wellbeing. At a society level, the findings of this research could be extended to positively impact the general immigrant population in the United States, which represents 28% of the total U.S. population. Considering an international student is one type of immigrant, the current study will be a stepping stone to promote public health by encouraging a healthy lifestyle among diverse members of society through sport involvement.
Author: Joshua Ganz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Statement of the Problem Low levels of physical activity levels may have a relationship with depressive characteristics. Understanding if there is a relationship between physical activity and depressive traits in the adolescent population may contribute to effective ways to reduce depressive traits and increase physical activity. Procedure Survey research was used to collect data about adolescents' demographic characteristics, physical activity levels, and depressive characteristics. Participants were selected from the adolescent school population. The sample was taken from a Minnesota public high school by using an entire tenth-grade population from a local school. Of the 75 students being used for sample size, nine were absent on the survey date and 22 didn't have signed consent forms, which left 44 to complete the survey. The RADS and IPAQ survey instruments were used to collect data. The survey gathered information on current physical activity levels and depressive symptomology in adolescents. Analysis of data involved descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha reliability analysis Pearson product-moment correlation, and independent sample t-tests. Conclusions Three research questions were being considered with respect to data collection and analysis: 1. What is the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms? 2. What is the relationship between physical activity intensity and depressive symptoms? 3. What are the differences between physical activity, intensity, and depressive symptoms between genders, between those in physical education and those who were not, and between those whose sport participation is three to seven days per week compared to those whose participation is one day monthly or less? Among the 44 participants the Pearson correlation analysis found no significant relationship between physical activity or intensity and depression symptoms. Sport participation three to seven days a week was associated with a significantly higher time spent in vigorous activity than those not participating three to seven days per week in a sport. There were no significant differences in gender for vigorous physical activity, total MET, and RADS depressive symptoms.
Author: Imari-Ashley F. Palma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Academic theses
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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