The Contribution of Chromatin to Gene Regulation in the Immune System PDF Download
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Author: Amy Susan Weinmann
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
Author: Amy Susan Weinmann
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
Author: Keiko Ozato
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889637239
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 149
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Book Description
Transcription depends on an ordered sequence of events, starting with (i) setting of the enhancer and chromatin environment, (ii) assembly of DNA binding and general transcription factors, (iii) initiation, elongation, processing of mRNA and termination, followed by (iv) creation of epigenetic marks and memory formation. Highlighting the importance of these activities, more than 10% total genes are dedicated to regulating transcriptional mechanisms. This area of research is highly active and new insights are continuously being added to our knowledge. Cells of the immune system have unique features of gene regulation to support diverse tasks required for innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity involves the recognition of external infectious and noxious agents as well as internal cancer cell components, and the elimination of these agents by non-specific mechanisms. Adaptive immunity involves gene rearrangement to achieve highly specific T and B cell responses, imparting the capability of self and non-self discrimination. This requires transcription and epigenetic regulation. Adaptive immunity also employs epigenetic memory, enabling recapitulation of prior transcription. Recent advances in nuclear architecture, chromatin structure, and transcriptional regulation have provided new insights into immune responses. The increased understanding of these molecular mechanisms is now affording opportunities to improve therapeutic strategies for various diseases.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128123931
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
Chromatin Remodelling and Immunity, Volume 106, the latest release in the Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology series is an essential resource for protein chemists. Each volume brings forth new information about protocols and analysis of proteins, with each thematically organized volume guest edited by leading experts in a broad range of protein-related topics. Provides cutting-edge developments in protein chemistry and structural biology Written by authorities in the field Targeted to a wide audience of researchers, specialists, and students
Author: Ananda L Roy
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889195104
Category : Chromatin
Languages : en
Pages : 145
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Book Description
Signaling through the cell surface antigen receptor is a hallmark of various stages of lymphocyte development and adaptive immunity. Besides the adaptive immune system, the innate immunity is equally important for protection. However, the mechanistic connection between signaling, chromatin changes and downstream transcriptional pathways in both innate and adaptive immune system remains incompletely understood in hematopoiesis. A related issue is how the enhancers communicate to the promoters in a stage specific fashion and in the context of chromatin. Because the factors that regulate chromatin are generally present and active in most cell types, how could cell type and/or stage specific chromatin architecture is achieved in response to a particular immune signal? The genetic loci that encode lymphocyte cell surface receptors are in an ‘unrearranged” or “germline” configuration during the early stages of development. Thus, in addition to expressing lineage and/or stage specific transcription factors during each developmental stage, lymphocytes also need to rearrange their cognate receptor loci in a strictly ordered fashion. Hence, there must be a tightly coordinated communication between the recombination machinery and the transcriptional machinery (including chromatin regulators) at every developmental step. Mature B cells also undergo classswitch recombination and somatic hypermutation. Importantly, along the way, these cells must avoid autoimmune responses and only those cells capable of recognizing foreignantigens are preserved to reach peripheral organs where they must function. The exquisite regulation that govern chromatin accessibility, recombination and transcription regulation in response to the environmental signals in the immune system is discussed here is a series of articles.
Author: Cornelis Murre
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642241026
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 197
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Book Description
The studies described in this volume serve as a starting point to familiarize one self with the multifarious differences in epigenetic designs that orchestrate the progression of developing blood cells. They also may serve as a general paradigm for the mechanisms that underpin the control of eukaryotic gene expression.
Author:
Publisher: CSHL Press
ISBN: 0879695692
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 621
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Book Description
Provides a dialogue on the nature of the membrane signals and intracytoplasmic events that provoke immunity. The debate ranges over biochemistry, physiology, molecular genetics, as well as classical cellular immunology. Input came from over 70 of the world's leading investigators.
Author: Pek Siew Chloe Lim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chromatin
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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Book Description
Specific chromatin characteristics, especially the modification status of the core histone proteins, are associated with active and inactive genes. There is also growing evidence that genes that respond to environmental or developmental signals may possess distinct chromatin marks. Using two approaches, mining of ChIP-seq data and ChIP-qPCR for individual genes, this thesis sought to define the chromatin signature of inducible genes in T cells. Inducible genes with low basal expression, especially rapidly induced primary response genes (genes that do not need new protein synthesis), are more likely to display the histone modifications of active genes than their non-responsive counterparts. In addition, the majority of inducible, low basal expression genes with an active chromatin signature also have RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at their promoters suggesting a close link between Pol II recruitment and the presence of active chromatin marks. In tum, the majority of these genes show evidence of ongoing elongation as measured by the presence of H3K36me3, a mark of elongation, in the gene body. In contrast, genes with slower kinetics of expression (secondary response genes that need new protein synthesis) have less active chromatin marks and Pol II at the promoter. Following T cell activation, there was little evidence for a major shift in the active chromatin signature around inducible gene promoters but many genes recruit more Pol II and show increased evidence of elongation. These results suggest that the majority of inducible genes are primed for activation by having an active chromatin signature and a basal level of Pol II activity. Ultimately, these studies contribute to the growing knowledge of the epigenetic landscape and highlight the importance of chromatin regulation ofinducible gene expression in the immune response of a complex organism.
Author: Christophe Lavelle
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 012803503X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 620
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Book Description
Nuclear Architecture and Dynamics provides a definitive resource for (bio)physicists and molecular and cellular biologists whose research involves an understanding of the organization of the genome and the mechanisms of its proper reading, maintenance, and replication by the cell. This book brings together the biochemical and physical characteristics of genome organization, providing a relevant framework in which to interpret the control of gene expression and cell differentiation. It includes work from a group of international experts, including biologists, physicists, mathematicians, and bioinformaticians who have come together for a comprehensive presentation of the current developments in the nuclear dynamics and architecture field. The book provides the uninitiated with an entry point to a highly dynamic, but complex issue, and the expert with an opportunity to have a fresh look at the viewpoints advocated by researchers from different disciplines. Highlights the link between the (bio)chemistry and the (bio)physics of chromatin Deciphers the complex interplay between numerous biochemical factors at task in the nucleus and the physical state of chromatin Provides a collective view of the field by a large, diverse group of authors with both physics and biology backgrounds
Author: Esteban Ballestar
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781441982179
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
This volume focuses on the relevance of epigenetic mechanisms in autoimmune disease. It provides new directions for future research in autoimmune disease.
Author: Michael McAndrew
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780355166217
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Book Description
