Inorganic Chemistry in Nonaqueous Solvents PDF Download
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Author: Arthur Kenneth Holliday
Publisher: Pergamon
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Book Description
Author: Arthur Kenneth Holliday
Publisher: Pergamon
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Book Description
Author: Brian G. Cox
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191649341
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 283
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Book Description
Acids and bases are ubiquitous in chemistry. Our understanding of them, however, is dominated by their behaviour in water. Transfer to non-aqueous solvents leads to profound changes in acid-base strengths and to the rates and equilibria of many processes: for example, synthetic reactions involving acids, bases and nucleophiles; isolation of pharmaceutical actives through salt formation; formation of zwitter- ions in amino acids; and chromatographic separation of substrates. This book seeks to enhance our understanding of acids and bases by reviewing and analysing their behaviour in non-aqueous solvents. The behaviour is related where possible to that in water, but correlations and contrasts between solvents are also presented. Fundamental background material is provided in the initial chapters: quantitative aspects of acid-base equilibria, including definitions and relationships between solution pH and species distribution; the influence of molecular structure on acid strengths; and acidity in aqueous solution. Solvent properties are reviewed, along with the magnitude of the interaction energies of solvent molecules with (especially) ions; the ability of solvents to participate in hydrogen bonding and to accept or donate electron pairs is seen to be crucial. Experimental methods for determining dissociation constants are described in detail. In the remaining chapters, dissociation constants of a wide range of acids in three distinct classes of solvents are discussed: protic solvents, such as alcohols, which are strong hydrogen-bond donors; basic, polar aprotic solvents, such as dimethylformamide; and low-basicity and low polarity solvents, such as acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran. Dissociation constants of individual acids vary over more than 20 orders of magnitude among the solvents, and there is a strong differentiation between the response of neutral and charged acids to solvent change. Ion-pairing and hydrogen-bonding equilibria, such as between phenol and phenoxide ions, play an increasingly important role as the solvent polarity decreases, and their influence on acid-base equilibria and salt formation is described.
Author: J. J. Lagowski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Solvents
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Kosuke Izutsu
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9783527629169
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
An excellent resource for all graduate students and researchers using electrochemical techniques. After introducing the reader to the fundamentals, the book focuses on the latest developments in the techniques and applications in this field. This second edition contains new material on environmentally-friendly solvents, such as room-temperature ionic liquids.
Author: Huber Walter
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323158609
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Book Description
Titrations in Nonaqueous Solvents discuss the theory, practice, and data on acidic and basic strength of nonaqueous solvents. This book is organized into three parts encompassing six chapters. The first part considers the general principles of acids and bases and methods of end-point determination. This part also covers the fundamentals, advantages, and limitations of titration instruments, such as potentiometers, burets, titration vessels, and electrodes. The classification of titration solvents according to their functions as color indicators and titrant solutions is provided in this part. The remaining parts describe the analytical procedures for acidity and basicity of nonaqueous solvents. These parts also provide a tabulated data on the acidic and basic strengths, stability, and dissociation constants of various titration solvents. Analytical chemists, and analytical chemistry teachers and students will find this book invaluable.
Author: J J Lagowski
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323139388
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Book Description
The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents, Volume IV: Solution Phenomena and Aprotic Solvents focuses on the chemistry of nonaqueous solvents, with emphasis on solution phenomena and aprotic solvents such as tetramethylurea, inorganic acid chlorides, cyclic carbonates, and sulfolane. This book is organized into seven chapters and begins with an overview of the theory of electrical conductivity and elementary experimental considerations, along with some of the interesting research on nonaqueous solvents. It then turns to a discussion on hydrogen bonding phenomena in nonaqueous systems as probed by four spectroscopic techniques; the different methods used in studying redox systems in nonaqueous solvents such as potentiometry and steady state diffusion methods; and the use of tetramethylurea as a nonaqueous medium for chemical reactions and chemical investigations. The reader is also introduced to inorganic acid chlorides of high dielectric constant, with special reference to antimony trichloride, and preparation methods for cyclic carbonates including vinylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate. The book concludes with a chapter on sulfolane, focusing on its preparation and purification, physical properties, and toxicology. This book will be of interest to chemists who want to know more about nonaqueous solvents.
Author: James Sherwood Fritz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Acid-base equilibrium
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Author: J. J. Lagowski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Solvents
Languages : en
Pages : 424
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Book Description
Author: Ludwig Frederick Audrieth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Solvents
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
Author: C Westcott
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323160603
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 185
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Book Description
pH Measurements is a seven-chapter simplified text on obtaining a high degree of accuracy in practical pH measurement. The introductory chapter of this book relates the principles of pH measurements to the actual measurement. This chapter specifically tackles the factors involved in the measurement and what magnitude of effect does each factor have on the measurement. These topics are followed by discussions on the components of pH equipment and technique, including the electrodes and buffers. A chapter considers the general approach of pH measurements and illustrates with examples of some common difficult samples. The concluding chapter shows the isolation and correction a pH equipment malfunction. pH equipment operators and users will find this book rewarding.
