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Author: Derek M Jones
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317196023
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 181
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Book Description
Philosophers have traditionally assumed that the difference between active and passive movement could be explained by the presence or absence of an intention in the mind of the agent. This assumption has led to the neglect of many interesting active behaviors that do not depend on intentions, including the "mindless" actions of humans and the activities of non-human animals. In this book Jones offers a broad account of agency that unifies these cases. The book addresses a range of questions, including: When are movements properly attributed to whole agents, rather than to their parts? What does it mean for an agent to guide its action? What distinguishes agents from other complex systems? What is the relationship between action and adaptive behavior? And why might the study of living systems be the key to understanding agency? This book makes an important contribution to current philosophical debate on the nature and origins of agency. It defines action as a uniquely biological process and recasts human intentional action as a specialized case of a broader and more common phenomenon than has been previously assumed. Uniting findings from philosophy, cognitive science, psychology, biology, computer science, complexity theory and ethology, this book will be of interest to students and scholars working in these areas.
Author: Derek M Jones
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317196023
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 181
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Book Description
Philosophers have traditionally assumed that the difference between active and passive movement could be explained by the presence or absence of an intention in the mind of the agent. This assumption has led to the neglect of many interesting active behaviors that do not depend on intentions, including the "mindless" actions of humans and the activities of non-human animals. In this book Jones offers a broad account of agency that unifies these cases. The book addresses a range of questions, including: When are movements properly attributed to whole agents, rather than to their parts? What does it mean for an agent to guide its action? What distinguishes agents from other complex systems? What is the relationship between action and adaptive behavior? And why might the study of living systems be the key to understanding agency? This book makes an important contribution to current philosophical debate on the nature and origins of agency. It defines action as a uniquely biological process and recasts human intentional action as a specialized case of a broader and more common phenomenon than has been previously assumed. Uniting findings from philosophy, cognitive science, psychology, biology, computer science, complexity theory and ethology, this book will be of interest to students and scholars working in these areas.
Author: Stephen M. Colarelli
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022612715X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 373
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Book Description
When biological theories were used to understand behavior in the early 20th century, they were often poorly understood. Ideas about race, ethnicity, and IQ, and notions of social Darwinism, were based on a misunderstanding and an incomplete understanding of genetics and Darwin s theory of evolution by natural selection. Now, however, a biological understanding of social behavior is an integral part of modern science, and increasingly used in the study of behavior in organizations. Yet, compared with other explanatory paradigms in organizational behavior, biological and evolutionary approaches are still relatively rare. "The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior" provides accessible insights for scholars and practitioners in management and organizational behavior into what biology can offer their fields. Chapters contain enough background to orient readers who may have little knowledge of biology, and provide substantive contributions to advancing understanding of specific areas of biology and human behavior in organizations. They also show how the addition of biological theory and research to organizational-behavior scholarship will increase its explanatory and predictive power and contribute to its scientific foundations."
Author: Barre Vijaya Prasad
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781799828624
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 291
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Book Description
Biopsychology is a branch of psychology that analyzes how the brain and neurotransmitters influence our behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. It is a subdivision of behavioral neuroscience that studies the neural mechanisms of perception and behavior through direct manipulation of the brains of nonhuman animal subjects in controlled experiments. Biopsychology studies many topics relating to the body's response to a behavior or activity in an organism. It concerns the brain cells, structures, components, and chemical interactions that are involved in order to produce actions. Psychologists in this.
Author: Jan Zbigniew Szopinski
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128004843
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 245
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Book Description
The Biological Action of Physical Medicine: Controlling the Human Body's Information System challenges the contemporary way of thinking of diagnostics and therapy "from the outside." Drawing on 30 years of independent comprehensive research, this reference provides a universal and scientifically acceptable physiological theory, explaining the mode of action of methods of physical medicine as well as the underlying physiological mechanisms. Scientific research described in this book explains the universal neurophysiological foundation of all the respective methods, including organ electrodermal diagnostics (OED), thermotherapy (heat, cryostimulation), phototherapy (infrared, ultraviolet, laser), ultrasound therapy, electrotherapy (from transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation to electromagnetic field therapies), magnetotherapy, and mechanical nerve stimulation (acupuncture, reflexive massage, cupping, high-pressure hydrotherapy). A better understanding of physical medicine's modes of action not only insures better clinical results, but also illuminates pain mechanisms and our understanding of the functioning of the nervous system. - Fully explains the important therapeutic modalities of genuine physical medicine as well as the underlying physiological mechanisms - Shows how to access and control the diagnostic information circulating in the sensory nervous system
Author: Harry Binswanger
Publisher: Tof Publications, Incorporated
ISBN:
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
Revision of the author's thesis (doctoral).
Author: J. L. Nespoulous
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317767691
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Book Description
First published in 1986. The present volume is the outcome of a symposium on Gestures, Cultures and Communication, held in May 1982 at Victoria College, University of Toronto. This conference, one of a series of five colloquia which took place during the Third International Summer Institute for Semiotic and Structural Studies, was organized by the Toronto Semiotic Circle. The purpose of the 1982 conference was to explore the biological basis of gestures by bringing together investigators working mainly in the fields of anthropology, neurophysiology, neuropsychology and psycholinguistics.
Author: Mark L. Latash
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128192852
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Physics of Biological Action and Perception helps researchers interested in exploring biological motor control from a physics or alternative viewpoint perspective. The book introduces the idea of parametric control as a distinguishing feature of living systems. Sections cover how the CNS creates stable percepts based on fuzzy and continuously changing signals from numerous receptors and the variable processes related to ongoing actions. The author also develops the idea of control with referent coordinates to stability of salient variables in fields typically united under the label of "cognition." Examples of this include communication (how the gist of a message is preserved despite variability of phrases), thought processes (how one can solve a mental problem via different logical routes), and playing chess (how one selects an optimal move given a position on the board). The book is written for researchers, instructors, clinicians and other professionals in all the fields related to biological movement and perception. - Presents a unifying theory of motor control based on physics - Encompasses action, perception and cognition - Discusses referent coordinates, kinesthetic perception and stability of actions - Identifies the importance of the CNS over computational brain function
Author: M. R. Bennett
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119530970
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 564
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Book Description
The second edition of the seminal work in the field—revised, updated, and extended In Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience, M.R. Bennett and P.M.S. Hacker outline and address the conceptual confusions encountered in various neuroscientific and psychological theories. The result of a collaboration between an esteemed philosopher and a distinguished neuroscientist, this remarkable volume presents an interdisciplinary critique of many of the neuroscientific and psychological foundations of modern cognitive neuroscience. The authors point out conceptual entanglements in a broad range of major neuroscientific and psychological theories—including those of such neuroscientists as Blakemore, Crick, Damasio, Dehaene, Edelman, Gazzaniga, Kandel, Kosslyn, LeDoux, Libet, Penrose, Posner, Raichle and Tononi, as well as psychologists such as Baar, Frith, Glynn, Gregory, William James, Weiskrantz, and biologists such as Dawkins, Humphreys, and Young. Confusions arising from the work of philosophers such as Dennett, Chalmers, Churchland, Nagel and Searle are subjected to detailed criticism. These criticisms are complemented by constructive analyses of the major cognitive, cogitative, emotional and volitional attributes that lie at the heart of cognitive neuroscientific research. Now in its second edition, this groundbreaking work has been exhaustively revised and updated to address current issues and critiques. New discussions offer insight into functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the notions of information and representation, conflict monitoring and the executive, minimal states of consciousness, integrated information theory and global workspace theory. The authors also reply to criticisms of the fundamental arguments posed in the first edition, defending their conclusions regarding mereological fallacy, the necessity of distinguishing between empirical and conceptual questions, the mind-body problem, and more. Essential as both a comprehensive reference work and as an up-to-date critical review of cognitive neuroscience, this landmark volume: Provides a scientifically and philosophically informed survey of the conceptual problems in a wide variety of neuroscientific theories Offers a clear and accessible presentation of the subject, minimizing the use of complex philosophical and scientific jargon Discusses how the ways the brain relates to the mind affect the intelligibility of neuroscientific research Includes fresh insights on mind-body and mind-brain relations, and on the relation between the notion of person and human being Features more than 100 new pages and a wealth of additional diagrams, charts, and tables Continuing to challenge and educate readers like no other book on the subject, the second edition of Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience is required reading not only for neuroscientists, psychologists, and philosophers, but also for academics, researchers, and students involved in the study of the mind and consciousness.
Author: Michael Knee
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849397813
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Book Description
Fruit technology draws on biology and engineering to maintain quality during storage, distribution, and marketing. This book focuses on the biological processes that determine appearance, texture, taste, nutritional value, and flavor of fleshy fruits. It also focuses on the ways by which these biological processes can be manipulated to maximize quality for the consumer. It discusses the advances in the understanding of these procedures at the molecular level and the mode of action and limitations of current technology for postharvest handling of fruits. A concluding chapter examines prospects for the genetic control of fruit development, composition, and quality.
Author: Ivet Bahar
Publisher: Garland Science
ISBN: 1351815016
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 337
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Book Description
Protein Actions: Principles and Modeling is aimed at graduates, advanced undergraduates, and any professional who seeks an introduction to the biological, chemical, and physical properties of proteins. Broadly accessible to biophysicists and biochemists, it will be particularly useful to student and professional structural biologists and molecular biophysicists, bioinformaticians and computational biologists, biological chemists (particularly drug designers) and molecular bioengineers. The book begins by introducing the basic principles of protein structure and function. Some readers will be familiar with aspects of this, but the authors build up a more quantitative approach than their competitors. Emphasizing concepts and theory rather than experimental techniques, the book shows how proteins can be analyzed using the disciplines of elementary statistical mechanics, energetics, and kinetics. These chapters illuminate how proteins attain biologically active states and the properties of those states. The book ends with a synopsis the roles of computational biology and bioinformatics in protein science.
