Initiation and Control of Gait from First Principles: A Mathematically Animated Model of the Foot

Initiation and Control of Gait from First Principles: A Mathematically Animated Model of the Foot PDF Author: Craig Nevin
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
ISBN: 1599423294
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
This thesis examines the anatomical locations of the dynamic pressures that create the first five footprints when a standing person starts to walk. It is hypothesized that the primary activity starts with the dorsiflexion or lifting of the great toe. Consequently, the metatarsophalangeal region of the forefoot was studied from three directions. Viewed side-on, the great toe free-body is found from a detailed post hoc analysis of previous kinematic data obtained from cadavers to operate as a cam. The cam model also follows closely from Aristotle's ancient description of the hinged instrument of animate motion. Viewed in coronal cross-section, the first metatarsal torsion strength was estimated in 13 humans, 1 gorilla, 3 chimpanzees, 1 orangutan and 1 baboon set of dry-bone specimens of the hands and feet. The first metatarsal bone alone contributes 43% of the total strength of all the metatarsal bones. A result unique amongst the hominids and apes studied. Viewed in horizontal plan, the dynamic components and principle axes of the footprints of 54 barefoot humans (32 male, 22 female, age 32 +-11 years) were studied whilst standing on a 0.5m pressure plate, and then immediately when walking over a 2m plate (4 sensors per cm2 sampled at 100hz). Two footprints were obtained during the initial stance posture, and the first three footprints of the initial walk. Three new principles of animate motion were deduced from the divergent results obtained from complete and dissected cadavers: The metatarsal cam (from the sagittal side view) the ground reaction torque (from the frontal coronal view) and the amputation artifact. The philosophy of experimenting on inanimate cadavers rather than living subjects was intensively researched. Instead of assuming that gait is a uniform or regular motion as is usual, the foot was analyzed rather as if it was a beam attached to the ground. Engineering equations were used to determine the flexural properties of the foot every 0.01 seconds, including the principle axes, radius of gyration and the local shear stresses on the sensors spaced 5-7mm apart. A sequence of these impressions creates a mathematically animated model of the footprint. The local force under the foot was normalized against both the total force and contact duration. The forces under the foot were each divided between 10 anatomical regions using individual masks for each foot strike. Producing a 54-subject database from which the normal behavior of the foot could be quantified. The group showed a surprisingly low right foot step-off dominance of only 54%. The combination of the radius of gyration and impulse in particular produces a succinct but powerful summary of the footprint during dynamic activity. The initial angle and magnitudes of the loads that are applied and removed demonstrates that the body first rocks onto the heels after the instruction to walk is given. The feet simultaneously invert and their arches rise off the ground as anticipated. The principle axes were then animated in a mathematical four-dimensional model. The horizontal radius of gyration is on average 5 cm during heel strike, but increases to 20 cm as the forefoot comes into contact with the ground, finally rising to 25 cm at toe-off. Significantly the applied load during the fore-foot loading phase is more widely distributed than the load being removed. A new and unanticipated result that is believed to be a special characteristic of the animate foot. The standard deviation of the force under the great toe is the first mechanical parameter to converge in the 54 subjects, conclusively verifying the hypothesis that the great toe both initiates and controls gait.

The 1% Principle

The 1% Principle PDF Author: Tom O'Neil
Publisher: HarperCollins Australia
ISBN: 1775490556
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 159

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Book Description
How small steps - literally a 1% change in what you are doing today - can dramatically improve your life and potential. Almost everyone will experience a sense of 'being in a rut' at some stage in their life. Whether you are stuck in a job you hate or are getting passed over for promotion, whether your relationship has lost its magic or you are struggling with your weight and fitness - these situations over time will sap your motivation and well being. there are many books and programmes which offer ways to immediately turn your life around. the reality for most of us though, is that these approaches simply don't work over the long term. Smaller steps over a long period of time will have a greater, more beneficial and successful effect on your life than bigger steps in a shorter period of time. But how do we identify which changes can have the maximum impact? this book shows you through highly practical exercises, tips and real life examples how you can 'tweak your way to success'.

The Busyness Delusion

The Busyness Delusion PDF Author: Chris Gardener
Publisher: Let's Tell Your Story Publishing
ISBN: 9781910600214
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 190

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Book Description
When your business is a "job in disguise" and feels like a hamster wheel it's time to get smarter. How to have financial security, freedom and fulfilment ... without being so stupidly busy. When people find out you run your own business you know what they'll ask: "How's it going? Are you busy?" Somehow, "busy" has come to mean "successful." But you didn't wake up this morning thinking "my main aim today is to be as busy as possible!" You don't have your business "to be busy" ... so why DO you work so hard? We all have our businesses for the same reason. The same three reasons actually - to have financial security, freedom and fulfilment - the 3Fs. But these aren't the outcomes for most small businesses. Instead, the common experience feels like you're on a hamster wheel, where the hours are long and the rewards mediocre. Self-esteem is threatened and life, love and relationships impacted. This book explains why this happens and how to approach work in a smarter way, to have a better business with less busyness and more certain results, so you can get back to living and loving life again. How, by climbing off the hamster wheel and escaping The Busyness Delusion, you can take the easier, more certain route to turn your own business into one that does give you all 3Fs. It covers: Why the hustle method is seductive but flawed, and how to use a smarter approach Why most self-employed people unwittingly choose the hardest way to earn, and what the easier options are. How to overcome the biggest obstacle to a smarter business and better life. What financial security really means and how to achieve it quicker and more easily. How to get better results by applying a simple model of how the brain works to give you more control. How to eliminate your competition to make it easier to get better results. Providing a new framework, illustrated in clear diagrams and told through a compelling story, this book reveals why copying others creates the hamster wheel effect, and precisely what to do to have a business and life you deserve. "This book nails the problem with most small businesses. The solutions are time-tested principles, for the first time pulled together in an original and enjoyable way that's easy to understand and implement." Dan Sager

Designing Sorting Networks

Designing Sorting Networks PDF Author: Sherenaz W. Al-Haj Baddar
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461418518
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 132

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Book Description
Designing Sorting Networks: A New Paradigm provides an in-depth guide to maximizing the efficiency of sorting networks, and uses 0/1 cases, partially ordered sets and Haase diagrams to closely analyze their behavior in an easy, intuitive manner. This book also outlines new ideas and techniques for designing faster sorting networks using Sortnet, and illustrates how these techniques were used to design faster 12-key and 18-key sorting networks through a series of case studies. Finally, it examines and explains the mysterious behavior exhibited by the fastest-known 9-step 16-key network. Designing Sorting Networks: A New Paradigm is intended for advanced-level students, researchers and practitioners as a reference book. Academics in the fields of computer science, engineering and mathematics will also find this book invaluable.

100/0 Principle

100/0 Principle PDF Author: Al Ritter
Publisher: Sourcebooks, Inc.
ISBN: 1608100707
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 109

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Book Description
Simply put, this new ebook can make your marriage better and greatly improve your relationships with family members, co-workers, your boss and even your friends. The 100/0 Principle...The Secret of Great Relationships, may be the most important book you'll ever read. The message is truly life-changing.

The Proximity Principle

The Proximity Principle PDF Author: Ken Coleman
Publisher: Ramsey Press
ISBN: 0978562038
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 172

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Book Description
Right now, 70% of Americans aren’t passionate about their work and are desperately longing for meaning and purpose. They’re sick of “average” and know there’s something better out there, but they just don’t know how to reach it. One basic principle―The Proximity Principle―can change everything you thought you knew about pursuing a career you love. In his latest book, The Proximity Principle, national radio host and career expert Ken Coleman provides a simple plan of how positioning yourself near the right people and places can help you land the job you love. Forget the traditional career advice you’ve heard! Networking, handing out business cards, and updating your online profile do nothing to set you apart from other candidates. Ken will show you how to be intentional and genuine about the connections you make with a fresh, unexpected take on resumes and the job interview process. You’ll discover the five people you should look for and the four best places to grow, learn, practice, and perform so you can step into the role you were created to fill. After reading The Proximity Principle, you’ll know how to connect with the right people and put yourself in the right places, so opportunities will come―and you’ll be prepared to take them.

The Progress Principle

The Progress Principle PDF Author: Teresa Amabile
Publisher: Harvard Business Press
ISBN: 1422142736
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 270

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Book Description
What really sets the best managers above the rest? It’s their power to build a cadre of employees who have great inner work lives—consistently positive emotions; strong motivation; and favorable perceptions of the organization, their work, and their colleagues. The worst managers undermine inner work life, often unwittingly. As Teresa Amabile and Steven Kramer explain in The Progress Principle, seemingly mundane workday events can make or break employees’ inner work lives. But it’s forward momentum in meaningful work—progress—that creates the best inner work lives. Through rigorous analysis of nearly 12,000 diary entries provided by 238 employees in 7 companies, the authors explain how managers can foster progress and enhance inner work life every day. The book shows how to remove obstacles to progress, including meaningless tasks and toxic relationships. It also explains how to activate two forces that enable progress: (1) catalysts—events that directly facilitate project work, such as clear goals and autonomy—and (2) nourishers—interpersonal events that uplift workers, including encouragement and demonstrations of respect and collegiality. Brimming with honest examples from the companies studied, The Progress Principle equips aspiring and seasoned leaders alike with the insights they need to maximize their people’s performance.

Principles

Principles PDF Author: Ray Dalio
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1982112387
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 560

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Book Description
#1 New York Times Bestseller “Significant...The book is both instructive and surprisingly moving.” —The New York Times Ray Dalio, one of the world’s most successful investors and entrepreneurs, shares the unconventional principles that he’s developed, refined, and used over the past forty years to create unique results in both life and business—and which any person or organization can adopt to help achieve their goals. In 1975, Ray Dalio founded an investment firm, Bridgewater Associates, out of his two-bedroom apartment in New York City. Forty years later, Bridgewater has made more money for its clients than any other hedge fund in history and grown into the fifth most important private company in the United States, according to Fortune magazine. Dalio himself has been named to Time magazine’s list of the 100 most influential people in the world. Along the way, Dalio discovered a set of unique principles that have led to Bridgewater’s exceptionally effective culture, which he describes as “an idea meritocracy that strives to achieve meaningful work and meaningful relationships through radical transparency.” It is these principles, and not anything special about Dalio—who grew up an ordinary kid in a middle-class Long Island neighborhood—that he believes are the reason behind his success. In Principles, Dalio shares what he’s learned over the course of his remarkable career. He argues that life, management, economics, and investing can all be systemized into rules and understood like machines. The book’s hundreds of practical lessons, which are built around his cornerstones of “radical truth” and “radical transparency,” include Dalio laying out the most effective ways for individuals and organizations to make decisions, approach challenges, and build strong teams. He also describes the innovative tools the firm uses to bring an idea meritocracy to life, such as creating “baseball cards” for all employees that distill their strengths and weaknesses, and employing computerized decision-making systems to make believability-weighted decisions. While the book brims with novel ideas for organizations and institutions, Principles also offers a clear, straightforward approach to decision-making that Dalio believes anyone can apply, no matter what they’re seeking to achieve. Here, from a man who has been called both “the Steve Jobs of investing” and “the philosopher king of the financial universe” (CIO magazine), is a rare opportunity to gain proven advice unlike anything you’ll find in the conventional business press.

The Great Mental Models, Volume 1

The Great Mental Models, Volume 1 PDF Author: Shane Parrish
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 0593719972
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 209

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Book Description
Discover the essential thinking tools you’ve been missing with The Great Mental Models series by Shane Parrish, New York Times bestselling author and the mind behind the acclaimed Farnam Street blog and “The Knowledge Project” podcast. This first book in the series is your guide to learning the crucial thinking tools nobody ever taught you. Time and time again, great thinkers such as Charlie Munger and Warren Buffett have credited their success to mental models–representations of how something works that can scale onto other fields. Mastering a small number of mental models enables you to rapidly grasp new information, identify patterns others miss, and avoid the common mistakes that hold people back. The Great Mental Models: Volume 1, General Thinking Concepts shows you how making a few tiny changes in the way you think can deliver big results. Drawing on examples from history, business, art, and science, this book details nine of the most versatile, all-purpose mental models you can use right away to improve your decision making and productivity. This book will teach you how to: Avoid blind spots when looking at problems. Find non-obvious solutions. Anticipate and achieve desired outcomes. Play to your strengths, avoid your weaknesses, … and more. The Great Mental Models series demystifies once elusive concepts and illuminates rich knowledge that traditional education overlooks. This series is the most comprehensive and accessible guide on using mental models to better understand our world, solve problems, and gain an advantage.

The Timothy Principle

The Timothy Principle PDF Author: Roy Robertson
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780891095507
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 124

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Book Description
... You have the God-given privilege of keeping the family tree growing by reproducing your faith in the lives of others. And the The Timothy Principle shows you how. Each chapter in this practical guide leads you deeper into the strategic principles of spiritual parenting that began with Paul and his 'son' Timothy. You'll learn the keys to establishing a new disciple, teaching him Bible study, prayer, and meditation--training him in evangelism and follow-up, and helping him establish yet another disciple ...

The 4:8 Principle

The 4:8 Principle PDF Author: Tommy Newberry
Publisher: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.
ISBN: 1414341695
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 242

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Book Description
Tommy Newberry's message is simple, relevant, powerful, and timeless. In this New York Times bestseller, Newberry takes a single biblical principle and teaches us how one simple truth can magnify the joy we experience in our marriage, with our parenting, and in our life as a whole. Unfortunately, we live in a society bent on nursing old wounds and highlighting what is wrong with just about everything. As a result, we have grown accustomed to viewing the world, our lives, and ourselves through a lens of negativity—and that negativity stands in direct contrast to the passionate, purpose-filled people God wants us to be. This is where The 4:8 Principle grabs our attention. First, the author skillfully persuades us to acknowledge the link between the thoughts we choose to think and the joy we experience. Next, he shows us how we can grow our potential for joy by refusing to dwell upon the problems and pressures that are enduring and inevitable. Finally, he challenges us to pay the price of joy by becoming “extraordinarily picky” about what we read, watch, and listen to on a consistent basis. The strength of the book, though, is in Newberry's ability to clearly explain how to put this principle into daily practice through a series of quick, easy and even fun adjustments. The 4:8 Principle is loaded with specific suggestions and helpful advice for going beyond the ordinary and experiencing life as it was meant to be.