Systems and Methods for Modifying Ice Adhesion Strength PDF Download
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Author: Victor F. Petrenko
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adhesion
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Victor F. Petrenko
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adhesion
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Masoud Farzaneh
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402085311
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 389
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Book Description
Atmospheric ice takes a wide range of fascinating forms, all beautiful in their own ways but many posing severe risk to the security of overhead networks for electric power, communications and other systems. This comprehensive book documents the fundamentals of atmospheric icing and surveys the state of the art in eight chapters, each written by a team of experienced and internationally renowned experts. The treatment is detailed and richly illustrated. The presentation follows a logical sequence, starting with the icing climate and meteorological conditions, proceeding through development of observations and models of accretion and release of ice and heavy snow, then considering static and dynamic mechanical loads, the effects of ice and snow on electrical insulation, de-icing, ice prevention and mitigation methods. The statistical analysis of icing data and the mathematical and numerical modelling support appropriate mechanical and electrical design processes for icing conditions on overhead lines. Technical specialists, researchers and students in engineering and environmental science will all find value throughout the text.
Author: United States. Patent and Trademark Office
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Patents
Languages : en
Pages : 1212
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Patents
Languages : en
Pages : 1204
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Book Description
Author: K. L. Mittal
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119640377
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 704
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Book Description
This unique book presents ways to mitigate the disastrous effects of snow/ice accumulation and discusses the mechanisms of new coatings deicing technologies. The strategies currently used to combat ice accumulation problems involve chemical, mechanical or electrical approaches. These are expensive and labor intensive, and the use of chemicals raises serious environmental concerns. The availability of truly icephobic surfaces or coatings will be a big boon in preventing the devastating effects of ice accumulation. Currently, there is tremendous interest in harnessing nanotechnology in rendering surfaces icephobic or in devising icephobic surface materials and coatings, and all signals indicate that such interest will continue unabated in the future. As the key issue regarding icephobic materials or coatings is their durability, much effort is being spent in developing surface materials or coatings which can be effective over a long period. With the tremendous activity in this arena, there is strong hope that in the not too distant future, durable surface materials or coatings will come to fruition. This book contains 20 chapters by subject matter experts and is divided into three parts— Part 1: Fundamentals of Ice Formation and Characterization; Part 2: Ice Adhesion and Its Measurement; and Part 3: Methods to Mitigate Ice Adhesion. The topics covered include: factors influencing the formation, adhesion and friction of ice; ice nucleation on solid surfaces; physics of ice nucleation and growth on a surface; condensation frosting; defrosting properties of structured surfaces; relationship between surface free energy and ice adhesion to surfaces; metrology of ice adhesion; test methods for quantifying ice adhesion strength to surfaces; interlaboratory studies of ice adhesion strength; mechanisms of surface icing and deicing technologies; icephobicities of superhydrophobic surfaces; anti-icing using microstructured surfaces; icephobic surfaces: features and challenges; bio-inspired anti-icing surface materials; durability of anti-icing coatings; durability of icephobic coatings; bio-inspired icephobic coatings; protection from ice accretion on aircraft; and numerical modeling and its application to inflight icing.
Author: Victor F. Petrenko
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Friction
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Chang-Hwan Choi
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119640504
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 704
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Book Description
This unique book presents ways to mitigate the disastrous effects of snow/ice accumulation and discusses the mechanisms of new coatings deicing technologies. The strategies currently used to combat ice accumulation problems involve chemical, mechanical or electrical approaches. These are expensive and labor intensive, and the use of chemicals raises serious environmental concerns. The availability of truly icephobic surfaces or coatings will be a big boon in preventing the devastating effects of ice accumulation. Currently, there is tremendous interest in harnessing nanotechnology in rendering surfaces icephobic or in devising icephobic surface materials and coatings, and all signals indicate that such interest will continue unabated in the future. As the key issue regarding icephobic materials or coatings is their durability, much effort is being spent in developing surface materials or coatings which can be effective over a long period. With the tremendous activity in this arena, there is strong hope that in the not too distant future, durable surface materials or coatings will come to fruition. This book contains 20 chapters by subject matter experts and is divided into three parts— Part 1: Fundamentals of Ice Formation and Characterization; Part 2: Ice Adhesion and Its Measurement; and Part 3: Methods to Mitigate Ice Adhesion. The topics covered include: factors influencing the formation, adhesion and friction of ice; ice nucleation on solid surfaces; physics of ice nucleation and growth on a surface; condensation frosting; defrosting properties of structured surfaces; relationship between surface free energy and ice adhesion to surfaces; metrology of ice adhesion; test methods for quantifying ice adhesion strength to surfaces; interlaboratory studies of ice adhesion strength; mechanisms of surface icing and deicing technologies; icephobicities of superhydrophobic surfaces; anti-icing using microstructured surfaces; icephobic surfaces: features and challenges; bio-inspired anti-icing surface materials; durability of anti-icing coatings; durability of icephobic coatings; bio-inspired icephobic coatings; protection from ice accretion on aircraft; and numerical modeling and its application to inflight icing.
Author: Neil A. Downie
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 9780801874109
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
"The book is a job well done, and I recommend it for anyone trying to get physics across to non-specialist audiences." -- Physics Today
Author: K. L. Mittal
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119640539
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 704
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Book Description
The book containing 18 chapters is divided into three parts: Part 1: Fundamentals of Ice Formation and Ice Characteristics; Part 2: Ice Adhesion and Its Measurement; and Part 3: Methods to Mitigate Ice Adhesion. The topics covered Include: Factors influencing the formation, adhesion and friction of ice; ice nucleation on solid surfaces; physics of ice nucleation and growth on a surface; condensation frosting; defrosting properties of structured surfaces; relationship between surface free energy and ice adhesion to surfaces; metrology of ice adhesion; test methods for quantifying ice adhesion strength to surfaces; interlaboratory studies of ice adhesion strength; mechanisms of surface icing and deicing technologies; anti-icing using microstructured surfaces; durability assessment of icephobic coatings; bio-inspired icephobic coatings; challenges in rational fabrication of icephobic surfaces; protection from ice accretion on aircraft; and numerical modeling and its application to inflight icing.
Author: Shivrajsinh Jadeja
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Ice accretion to aircraft and other civil structures has led to the cost of billion dollars every year. The icing clouds are controlled by temperature, liquid water content (LWC), and median volumetric diameter (MVD). De-icing systems are required to mitigate ice accretion and reduce damages to the structure from icing events. The de-icing systems design require ice adhesion strength which is controlled by temperature, LWC, MVD, and impact velocity of the droplet. For aircraft applications, discrepancies on the value of ice adhesion strength are reported by different sources. Current testing methodologies are not testing and reporting all of the icing cloud conditions that define an icing cloud. The icing cloud conditions affect the ice adhesion strength. To design an effective ice protective coating, the factors that contribute to changes in ice adhesion strength must be understood. In flight ice accretion, there are three types of ice encountered on wings and rotors: glaze, mix, and rime ice. In this research, it is shown that ice adhesion strength varies for each of the ice types. In this research, a non dimensional parameter typically used in the modeling of ice shapes, called freezing faction, was used to summarize affects of icing parameters on ice adhesion strength. The freezing fraction and ice adhesion strength are both functions of icing cloud conditions. Freezing fraction is a function of MVD, LWC, temperature, impact velocity and collection efficiency of the structure. The affects of freezing fraction variation on impact ice adhesion strength is evaluated in this work. A modified instrumented centrifugal adhesion testing rig (ICATR) was used to vary freezing fraction and measure ice adhesion strengths of three surfaces. The ICATR is part of the Adverse Environment Research and Testing Systems (AERTS) located at The Pennsylvania State University. Flat circular disks with an average surface roughness, Sa, of 331, 12.6 and 9.5 nm were tested at -8, -12, and -16 $^{\circ}$C. Two cloud water droplet sizes (20 $\mu$m and 50 $\mu$m median volumetric diameter, MVD) were tested at a liquid water content of the icing cloud (LWC) of 0.28 g$/$m$^3$ and 0.41 g$/$m$^3$, respectively. The freezing fraction was also varied with the variation of the droplet impact velocity (54.6, 60.0, and 68.2 m$/$s). For the first time, it is demonstrated that freezing fraction variations affected ice adhesion strength of the ice, making it possible to obtain multiple different ice adhesion strength values at identical temperatures and material substrate conditions. The impact ice density of both clouds at -20 $^{\circ}$C were measured for the calculation of collection efficiency. The average impact ice density of the 20 and 50 $\mu$m MVD cloud were 526.34 and 623.84 kg$/m^3$. The impact ice density increased linearly as impact velocity increased for the respective MVD tested. The impact ice density increased by 17.8 \% and 10.16 \% for the 50 and 20 $\mu$m MVD clouds. By a decrease in either temperature, LWC, MVD and impact velocity the freezing fraction is increased. As the freezing fraction is increased, the ice adhesion strength of the 331, 12.6 and 9.5 nm surface roughness is affected. For the MVD 50 $\mu$m cloud, the ice adhesion strength increased by 390.41\%, 1,122.93\%, and 1,540.22\%, respectively as freezing fraction varied from 0.49 to 1.18. The 20 $\mu$m MVD testing condition increased the ice adhesion strength by 591.64\%, 430.88\%, and 273.95\% for the respective surfaces for freezing fraction increases of 1.14 to 2.73. The research conducted demonstrates that all icing cloud parameters need to be considered and reported to specify the ice adhesion strength of impact ice to a surface, since these values affect the freezing fraction and subsequent type of ice accreted.
