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Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123972310
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 289
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Book Description
Advances in Immunology, a long-established and highly respected publication, presents current developments as well as comprehensive reviews in immunology. Articles address the wide range of topics that comprise immunology, including molecular and cellular activation mechanisms, phylogeny and molecular evolution, and clinical modalities. Edited and authored by the foremost scientists in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and directions for the future. This volume focuses on synthetic vaccines. Contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123972310
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 289
Get Book Here
Book Description
Advances in Immunology, a long-established and highly respected publication, presents current developments as well as comprehensive reviews in immunology. Articles address the wide range of topics that comprise immunology, including molecular and cellular activation mechanisms, phylogeny and molecular evolution, and clinical modalities. Edited and authored by the foremost scientists in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and directions for the future. This volume focuses on synthetic vaccines. Contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Author: Ruth Arnon
Publisher: CRC-Press
ISBN: 9780849346590
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Author: Mesut Karahan
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000342735
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 315
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Book Description
A new generation of technological vaccines protect against many infectious diseases. This book describes synthetic peptide-based vaccine prototypes – the future of vaccination. Production of peptides becomes simple using automatic synthesizers. Peptides are weak immunogen and need adjuvants to provide an effective autoimmune response, which is why peptide antigens are conjugated with biopolymers and loaded with nanoparticles. The book illustrates the use of peptides vaccine systems and makes predictions of future development not only for infectious diseases, but also for cancers and brain diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson and psychiatric diseases. Key Features Summarizes current studies on technological vaccines Describes the uses of vaccines for the prevention of brain diseases Reviews the ways different polymers are used to enhance vaccine efficacy
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780387572574
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309219396
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 570
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Book Description
Many potential applications of synthetic and systems biology are relevant to the challenges associated with the detection, surveillance, and responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. On March 14 and 15, 2011, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop in Washington, DC, to explore the current state of the science of synthetic biology, including its dependency on systems biology; discussed the different approaches that scientists are taking to engineer, or reengineer, biological systems; and discussed how the tools and approaches of synthetic and systems biology were being applied to mitigate the risks associated with emerging infectious diseases. The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology is organized into sections as a topic-by-topic distillation of the presentations and discussions that took place at the workshop. Its purpose is to present information from relevant experience, to delineate a range of pivotal issues and their respective challenges, and to offer differing perspectives on the topic as discussed and described by the workshop participants. This report also includes a collection of individually authored papers and commentary.
Author: Cornelius Melief
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123965489
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 289
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Book Description
Advances in Immunology, a long-established and highly respected publication, presents current developments as well as comprehensive reviews in immunology. Articles address the wide range of topics that comprise immunology, including molecular and cellular activation mechanisms, phylogeny and molecular evolution, and clinical modalities. Edited and authored by the foremost scientists in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and directions for the future. This volume focuses on synthetic vaccines. Contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Author: Dr. Ramesh C.K.
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1365707342
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
The immune system is a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against attacks by "foreign" invaders. Invaders are primarily microbes such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi. Because the human body provides an ideal environment for many microbes, they try to break in. It is the immune system's job to keep them out or, failing that, to seek out and destroy them. When the immune system hits the wrong target or is crippled, however, it can unleash seversl diseases, including allergy, arthritis or immune disorders.
Author: Clarisa Beatriz Palatnik-de-Sousa
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288945522X
Category : Antigens
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
Since variolation, conventional approaches to vaccine development are based on live-attenuated, inactivated or purified pathogen-derived components. However, effective vaccines against global health threats such as HIV, parasite infections and tumors are difficult to achieve. On the other hand, synthetic vaccines based on immunogenic epitopes offer advantages over traditional vaccines since they are chemically defined antigens free from deleterious effects. Additionally, in contrast to live-attenuated vaccines, they do not revert to virulence in immunocompromised subjects, and different from genetic vaccines, they do not involve ethical questions. Traditional vaccines contain PAMPs and induce strong immune responses, while recombinant vaccines are less potent. In spite of the immunogenic weakness previously attributed to epitope-based vaccines a synthetic vaccine containing a 17 amino acid-epitope of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type IV pilus exceeded the protective potential of its cognate protein composed of 115 amino acids. Therefore, the efficacy yield of a synthetic vaccine can be potentiated by using the proper combination of target epitopes. Recent advances in adjuvant development, immunogen platforms for DNA vaccines and viral vectors also contributed to optimize immunogenicity. Another constraint to the use of epitope vaccines was their restriction to some MHC or HLA phenotypes. However, epitopes containing 20 or less amino acids of Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania donovani bind to multiple HLA-DR and MHC receptors. Thus synthetic epitope vaccines may better meet the requirements of the regulatory agencies since they have lower costs and are easier to produce. The classical experimental approach for the development of an epitope-based vaccine involves the use of recombinant domains or overlapping 15-mer peptides spanning the full length of the target antigen, and the analysis of the induced antibody and/or T cell immune responses in vitro or in vivo. On the other hand, in silico tools can select peptides that are more likely to contain epitopes, reducing the number of sequence candidates. T cell epitope prediction dates back to 1980s, when the first algorithm was developed based on the identification of amphipathic helical regions on protein antigens. Since then, new methods based on MHC peptide-binding motifs or MHC-binding properties have been developed. The recent reverse vaccinology concept uses high-throughput genome sequencing and bioinformatics tools to identify potential targets of immune responses. The feasibility of this approach was shown for the first time in the design of a vaccine against Neisseria meningitides that is now in phase III clinical trials. In addition, different computational tools allow the determination of crucial gene(s) through comparative analyses between different pathogenic strains Alternatively, carbohydrates have been considered as key targets in developing safe and effective vaccines to combat cancer, bacterial and viral infections. Tumor associated carbohydrate antigens can be coupled covalently to protein carriers to target MHC receptors and improve immunogenicity and have reached already pre-clinical and clinical studies. In light of the recent availability of genomic tools, we believe that in the near future an increasing number of vaccine candidates, composed of defined epitopes, will be available for synthetic vaccines showing improved protection.
Author: Leslie Jeanne Matthews
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pathogenic microorganisms
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Book Description
Traditional approaches to synthetic vaccine design rely on detailed investigation of a pathogen's antigenic structure to locate and characterize candidate natural epitopes with immunogenic potential "Epitope discovery", a new, alternative strategy for identifying synthetic vaccine components, offers several potential advantages over conventional methods. In this strategy antibodies from the blood of diseased or immunized subjects are used to affinity-select peptides from enormous libraries. The affinity-selected peptides are referred to as "antigenic mimics" since they presumably mimic one of the native epitopes that originally elicited the antibody. Such antigenic mimics can serve as synthetic vaccine components if they are able to induce a protective immune response in naive subjects. Unfortunately, efforts to develop synthetic peptide vaccines--whether by traditional methods or epitope discovery--have been hindered by inability to predict which antigenic mimics will ultimately prevail as "immunogenic mimics", able to elicit antibodies that cross-react with the original pathogen. We used bacteriophage T4 as the model "pathogen" in a systematic epitope discovery project aimed at distinguishing properties of antigenic mimics that correlate with good immunogenic mimicry. Anti-pathogen-antibodies raised in mice were used to affinity-select antigenic mimics from constrained and unconstrained random peptide libraries (RPLs), and from a novel, natural peptide library (NPL) consisting of fragments of actual pathogen proteins. All three types of libraries yielded antigenic mimics which bind strongly and specifically to anti-T4-antibodies. To assess the ability of the peptides to induce antibodies that cross-react with the model pathogen, naive mice were hyperimmunized with 22 representative peptides. A few of the antigenic mimics from RPLs succeeded as immunogenic mimics, in that they induced indirect antibodies that cross-react with the pathogen. However, a more rigorous analysis showed that the overall degree of immunogenic mimicry achieved by these peptides is quite small. In contrast, two of four antigenic mimics from the NPL turned out to be exceptionally good immunogenic mimics by our rigorous analysis. Thus, we propose a modified epitope discovery strategy employing NPLs instead of, or in addition to, RPLs, to maximize the chances of finding the best possible immunogenic mimics to include in synthetic peptide vaccines. This novel approach combines the best aspects of both epitope discovery and traditional natural epitope identification, and could hasten development of synthetic peptide vaccines against important diseases of domesticated animals and humans.
Author: Stanley J. Cryz
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Book Description
