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Author: Anil Desireddy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 185
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Book Description
Nanoparticles are well known for their marked deviations from bulk behavior. Metal nanoparticles between 5-100 nm have received the most attention due to their ease of synthesis and characterization. Below 3 nm, however, the electronic and atomic structure of metal nanoparticles can become discretized, producing families of magic-number clusters and a new regime of molecular behavior. Synthesis of a family of silver magic-number clusters is important to better understand fundamental science, test the "superatom" theory, and better explain basic rules underlying the anomalous stability of clusters. Despite an enormous amount of scientific and economic activity, the fundamental nature of the plasmon remains a mystery. This is primarily due to the challenge of preparing a series of molecularly precise clusters over a size range from small clusters to colloidal nanoparticles, but is also due to the complex physical and chemical interactions between the metal core and surrounding media and their effects on optical properties. Here, we overcome these challenges by synthesizing and separating a family of silver magic-number clusters with glutathione, cysteine, and captopril as ligands. Also, some efforts were made during the synthesis to produce specific size silver glutathione magic-number clusters. Changes in the metal-to-ligand ratio, solvent composition, and reaction pH were studied and successfully produced fewer clusters from a family of clusters. Synthesized magic-number clusters were separated and purified with PAGE for further analysis. Silver clusters are sufficiently reactive to facilitate the study of the ambient temporal stability of magic-number metal clusters and to begin to understand their decay mechanisms. Here, the solution phase stability of a series of silver:glutathione (Ag:SG) clusters was studied as a function of size, pH and chemical environment. These results provide new mechanistic insights into the control of post-synthesis stability and chemical decay of magic-number metal clusters, which could be used to develop design principles for synthesizing specific cluster species. Silver nanoparticles are more reactive than analogous gold nanoparticles due to silver's susceptibility to oxidation. To date there is no synthetic protocol to make stable silver nanoparticles. This limited usage of silver nanoparticles in technological applications. Herein we report a simple synthetic protocol for producing ultrastable, single sized and pure M4Ag44(p-MBA)30 nanoparticles in grams scale with quantitative yields. The unique chemical stability and structural, electronic and optical properties of this cluster are understood using first-principles electronic structure theory based on an experimental single-crystal X-ray structure. The facile synthesis of large quantities of pure molecular product promises to make this class of materials widely available for further research and technology development.
Author: Anil Desireddy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 185
Get Book Here
Book Description
Nanoparticles are well known for their marked deviations from bulk behavior. Metal nanoparticles between 5-100 nm have received the most attention due to their ease of synthesis and characterization. Below 3 nm, however, the electronic and atomic structure of metal nanoparticles can become discretized, producing families of magic-number clusters and a new regime of molecular behavior. Synthesis of a family of silver magic-number clusters is important to better understand fundamental science, test the "superatom" theory, and better explain basic rules underlying the anomalous stability of clusters. Despite an enormous amount of scientific and economic activity, the fundamental nature of the plasmon remains a mystery. This is primarily due to the challenge of preparing a series of molecularly precise clusters over a size range from small clusters to colloidal nanoparticles, but is also due to the complex physical and chemical interactions between the metal core and surrounding media and their effects on optical properties. Here, we overcome these challenges by synthesizing and separating a family of silver magic-number clusters with glutathione, cysteine, and captopril as ligands. Also, some efforts were made during the synthesis to produce specific size silver glutathione magic-number clusters. Changes in the metal-to-ligand ratio, solvent composition, and reaction pH were studied and successfully produced fewer clusters from a family of clusters. Synthesized magic-number clusters were separated and purified with PAGE for further analysis. Silver clusters are sufficiently reactive to facilitate the study of the ambient temporal stability of magic-number metal clusters and to begin to understand their decay mechanisms. Here, the solution phase stability of a series of silver:glutathione (Ag:SG) clusters was studied as a function of size, pH and chemical environment. These results provide new mechanistic insights into the control of post-synthesis stability and chemical decay of magic-number metal clusters, which could be used to develop design principles for synthesizing specific cluster species. Silver nanoparticles are more reactive than analogous gold nanoparticles due to silver's susceptibility to oxidation. To date there is no synthetic protocol to make stable silver nanoparticles. This limited usage of silver nanoparticles in technological applications. Herein we report a simple synthetic protocol for producing ultrastable, single sized and pure M4Ag44(p-MBA)30 nanoparticles in grams scale with quantitative yields. The unique chemical stability and structural, electronic and optical properties of this cluster are understood using first-principles electronic structure theory based on an experimental single-crystal X-ray structure. The facile synthesis of large quantities of pure molecular product promises to make this class of materials widely available for further research and technology development.
Author: Brian E. Conn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nanoparticles
Languages : en
Pages : 163
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Book Description
Nanoclusters are finite aggregations of 2-10,000 atoms that interact through synergistic effects to form materials with unique chemical and physical properties. The properties of nanoclusters have been shown to be size-dependent, and to have incongruous chemical and physical properties from the constituent bulk material. In recent years there has been an extraordinary scientific effort to establish size-evolutionary patterns to provide a fundamental understanding of the size-dependent properties of nanoclusters. The current size-evolutionary patterns for nanoclusters have yielded theoretical and synthetic models that have begun to rationalize and explain the origin of nanocluster properties. The size-evolutionary models have shown that large surface-to-volume ratios, quantum confinement, and structural and energetic size effects are the dominating factors that influence the properties of nanoclusters. However, there is an obligation to continually revise and improve the current size-evolutionary models to provide a more accurate theory to bridge the understanding between atomic/molecular states, structural motifs at the metal surface interface, and condensed-phase physics. M4Ag44(p-MBA)30 nanoclusters, where M is an alkali metal, have recently been shown to have exceptional stability, which confers unique traits to this molecule. In particular, the synthesis is straightforward, produces a truly single-sized molecular product, and has a quantitative yield. Here, we describe in detail the results of experimental and theoretical studies on the synthesis, structure, stability, and electronic and optical properties of M4Ag44(p-MBA)30, including ESI-MS, NMR, optical absorption, IR, TGA, and other measurements as well as DFT and TDDFT calculations. Additionally, the structure and facile synthesis of M4Ag44(p-MBA)30 has provided a "golden" opportunity to explore the effects of doping M4Ag44(p-MBA)30 with gold. This work has deepened our understanding of this important Ag molecule, which should facilitate its use in a wide range of fundamental studies, applications, and size-evolutionary models. Understanding the fundamental principles of structure formation of monolayer-coated nanoclusters remains an enduring challenge. Although with the advances recent in X-ray determinations monolayer-coated nanoclusters, accurate de novo structural predictions still remain scarce. Building on recent syntheses and de novo structure predictions of M3AuxAg17-x(TBBT)12, where M is a countercation, x = 0 or 1, and TBBT is 4-tert-butylbenzenethiol, we report an X-ray determined structure that authenticates an a priori prediction, and in conjunction with first-principles theoretical analysis, lends force to the underlying forecasting methodology. The predicted and verified Ag(SR)3 monomer, together with the recently discovered Ag2(SR)5 dimer and Ag3(SR)6 trimer, establishes a family of unique mount motifs for silver thiolate nanoparticles, expanding knowledge beyond the earlier-known Au-S staples in thiol-capped gold nanoclusters. These findings demonstrate key principles underlying ligand-shell anchoring to the metal core, as well as unique T-like benzene dimer and cyclic benzene trimer ligand bundling configurations, opening vistas for rational design of metal and alloy nanoparticles.
Author: Wei Chen
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1782628517
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 465
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Book Description
Metal nanoclusters, which bridge metal atoms and nanocrystals, are gaining attention due to their unique chemical and physical properties which differ greatly from their corresponding large nanoparticles and molecular compounds. Their electronic and optical properties are of particular interest for their use in sensing, optoelectronics, photovoltaics and catalysis. The book highlights recent progress and challenges in size-controlled synthesis, size-dependent properties, characterization and applications of metal nanoclusters. Specific topics include organochalcogenolate-stabilized metal nanoparticles, water-soluble fluorescent silver nanoclusters, thiolate-protected Au and Ag nanoclusters, DNA-templated metal nanoclusters, fluorescent platinum nanoclusters and janus nanoparticles by interfacial engineering. Edited by active researchers in the area, the book provides a valuable reference for researchers in the area of functional nanomaterials. It also provides a guide for graduate students, academic and industrial researchers interested in the fundamentals of the materials or their applications.
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444635025
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 394
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Book Description
Protected Metal Clusters: From Fundamentals to Applications surveys the fundamental concepts and potential applications of atomically precise metal clusters protected by organic ligands. As this class of materials is now emerging as a result of breakthroughs in synthesis and characterization that have taken place over the last few years, the book provides the first reference with a focus on these exciting novel nanomaterials, explaining their formation, and how, and why, they play an important role in the future of molecular electronics, catalysis, sensing, biological imaging, and medical diagnosis and therapy. Surveys the fundamental concepts and potential applications of atomically precise metal clusters protected by organic ligands. Provides well-organized, tutorial style chapters that are ideal for teaching and self-study In-depth descriptions by top scientists in the field Presents the state-of-the art of protected metal clusters and their future prospects
Author: Antonio Sgamellotti
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1782625321
Category : Antiques & Collectibles
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
Science and art are increasingly interconnected in the activities of the study and conservation of works of art. Science plays a key role in cultural heritage, from developing new analytical techniques for studying the art, to investigating new ways of preserving the materials for the future. For example, high resolution multispectral examination of paintings allows art historians to view underdrawings barely visible before, while the use of non-invasive and micro-sampling analytical techniques allow scientists to identify pigments and binders that help art conservators in their work. It also allows curators to understand more about how the artwork was originally painted. Through a series of case studies written by scientists together with art historians, archaeologists and conservators, Science and Art: The Painted Surface demonstrates how the cooperation between science and humanities can lead to an increased understanding of the history of art and to better techniques in conservation. The examples used in the book cover paintings from ancient history, Renaissance, modern, and contemporary art, belonging to the artistic expressions of world regions from the Far East to America and Europe. Topics covered include the study of polychrome surfaces from pre-Columbian and medieval manuscripts, the revelation of hidden images below the surface of Van Gogh paintings and conservation of acrylic paints in contemporary art. Presented in an easily readable form for a large audience, the book guides readers into new areas uncovered by the link between science and art. The book features contributions from leading institutions across the globe including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Art Institute of Chicago; Getty Conservation Institute; Opificio delle Pietre Dure, Firenze; National Gallery of London; Tate Britain; Warsaw Academy of Fine Art and the National Gallery of Denmark as well as a chapter covering the Thangka paintings by Nobel Prize winner Richard Ernst.
Author: Daniel L. Fedlheim
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780585404394
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
A state-of-the-art reference, Metal Nanoparticles offers the latest research on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanoparticles. Following an introduction of structural, optical, electronic, and electrochemical properties of nanoparticles, the book elaborates on nanoclusters, hyper-Raleigh scattering, nanoarrays, and several applications including single electron devices, chemical sensors, biomolecule sensors, and DNA detection. The text emphasizes how size, shape, and surface chemistry affect particle performance throughout. Topics include synthesis and formation of nanoclusters, nanosphere lithography, modeling of nanoparticle optical properties, and biomolecule sensors.
Author: Manzhou Zhu
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323904750
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 396
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Book Description
Atomically precise metal nanoclusters occupy the gap between discrete atoms and plasmonic nanomaterials, and they offer intriguing physical-chemical properties that can be rationalized in terms of their quantum size effects and discrete electronic states. The atomically precise nature of their structures lends them well to structure-property relationship elucidation, making them particularly useful for informing the rational design of nanoclusters with enhanced performance. Metal Nanocluster Chemistry: Ligand-Protected Metal Nanoclusters With Atomic Precision provides a concise introduction to the study of these useful nanoclusters. Beginning with an introduction to the fundamental concepts of, and prospects for, metal nanoclusters, the book goes on to highlight synthetic methods for controllable preparation. The subsequent chapters then highlight characterization, mechanism of size growth and structure evolution, and physical-chemical properties. Later chapters examine theoretical approaches for calculating and evaluating structures and properties. They also highlight the assembly of nanocluster building blocks and their practical applications. Drawing on the knowledge of its expert author, Metal Nanocluster Chemistry is a useful introductory guide to these exciting structures. Provides a concise introduction to atomically-precise metal nanoclusters, ranging from characterization and property investigation to applications Includes insight into both current trends and future potential, encouraging and supporting further development Holistically combines physical approaches with theoretical calculation methods
Author: Tuan Vo-Dinh
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439893799
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 740
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Book Description
The second edition of Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine is intended to serve as an authoritative reference source for a broad audience involved in the research, teaching, learning, and practice of nanotechnology in life sciences. This technology, which is on the scale of molecules, has enabled the development of devices smaller and more efficient than anything currently available. To understand complex biological nanosystems at the cellular level, we urgently need to develop a next-generation nanotechnology tool kit. It is believed that the new advances in genetic engineering, genomics, proteomics, medicine, and biotechnology will depend on our mastering of nanotechnology in the coming decades. The integration of nanotechnology, material sciences, molecular biology, and medicine opens the possibility of detecting and manipulating atoms and molecules using nanodevices, which have the potential for a wide variety of biological research topics and medical uses at the cellular level. This book presents the most recent scientific and technological advances of nanotechnology for use in biology and medicine. Each chapter provides introductory material with an overview of the topic of interest; a description of methods, protocols, instrumentation, and applications; and a collection of published data with an extensive list of references for further details. The goal of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent advances in instrumentation, methods, and applications in areas of nanobiotechnology, integrating interdisciplinary research and development of interest to scientists, engineers, manufacturers, teachers, and students.
Author: Anna Facibeni
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000567400
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 277
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Book Description
The use of silver as an antibacterial agent has been known for thousands of years. This effect can be amplified by simply reducing the size of silver particles to the nanoscale, with the added advantage of a reduction in cost and toxicity. Application of silver nanoparticles to textiles can bring considerable advantages, especially for medical support materials or for materials that cannot be washed daily. This book describes a novel synthesis method that the author calls in situ, in which these nanoparticles are obtained directly on materials. The method is simple and easy to apply and can also be considered green because the reducing agent involved is ascorbic acid, commonly known as vitamin C. It neither requires special modifications in the industrial equipment nor special pressure or temperature conditions. It can be used to grow other metals or metal oxides on a material. The book showcases studies carried out on silver nanoparticles by the author over several years, not only in terms of the synthesis but also the morphological characterization of the substrate to which they were applied. It exhibits SEM images displaying the homogeneity of the silver coating, highlighting that sometimes the simplest way is the best way.
Author: Thalappil Pradeep
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323908802
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 666
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Book Description
Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters discusses the host of exciting properties that can be better harnessed with a solid understanding of their different structures and subsequent properties at the molecular level. The book delves into the foundational chemistry of numerous key atomically precise clusters and provides guidance on key approaches employed to examine them. Beginning with an introduction to the properties and fundamental nano-chemistry of atomically precise metal nanoclusters, the book then explores key approaches for their synthesis, examination and modification, including chromatography, mass spectrometry, single crystal diffraction, electron microscopy and computational approaches. A final section covers specific nanoclusters and cluster systems. User will find the important knowledge of an experienced team of contributors who provide a detailed guide to understanding, investigating and utilizing these useful structures that is ideal for anyone working in related fields. Presents a comprehensive guide that combines key knowledge, approaches and other types of metal nanocluster Supports an understanding of important interactions and approaches using clear figures Highlights future needs and prospects in the field
