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Author: Peter B. Becker
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592596819
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 525
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Book Description
More than 40 years after the discovery of the nucleosome as the fun- mental unit of chromatin, the multifaceted problem of how variations in ch- matin structure affect the activity of the eukaryotic genome has not been solved. However, during the past few years research on chromatin structure and fu- tion has gained considerable momentum, and impressive progress has been made at the level of concept development as well as filling in crucial detail. The structure of the nucleosome has been visualized at unprecedented reso- tion. Powerful multisubunit enzymes have been identified that alter histone/ DNA interactions in ways that expose regulatory sequences to factors initi- ing and regulating such nuclear processes as transcription. Though the imp- tance of posttranslational modifications of histones, notably their acetylation, has long been known, the finding that a number of bona fide regulators increase transcription by acetylating nucleosomes has lent new support to the old idea that the process of gene regulation is intimately related to the nature of the chromatin environment. A wealth of nonhistone proteins contribute to a continuum of structures with distinct biochemical properties and varying degrees of DNA condensation. Perhaps the most important conclusion from a large number of studies is a fresh appreciation of the dynamic nature of chromatin structure, the built-in flexibility providing the basis for regulation.
Author: Peter B. Becker
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592596819
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 525
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Book Description
More than 40 years after the discovery of the nucleosome as the fun- mental unit of chromatin, the multifaceted problem of how variations in ch- matin structure affect the activity of the eukaryotic genome has not been solved. However, during the past few years research on chromatin structure and fu- tion has gained considerable momentum, and impressive progress has been made at the level of concept development as well as filling in crucial detail. The structure of the nucleosome has been visualized at unprecedented reso- tion. Powerful multisubunit enzymes have been identified that alter histone/ DNA interactions in ways that expose regulatory sequences to factors initi- ing and regulating such nuclear processes as transcription. Though the imp- tance of posttranslational modifications of histones, notably their acetylation, has long been known, the finding that a number of bona fide regulators increase transcription by acetylating nucleosomes has lent new support to the old idea that the process of gene regulation is intimately related to the nature of the chromatin environment. A wealth of nonhistone proteins contribute to a continuum of structures with distinct biochemical properties and varying degrees of DNA condensation. Perhaps the most important conclusion from a large number of studies is a fresh appreciation of the dynamic nature of chromatin structure, the built-in flexibility providing the basis for regulation.
Author: Elisabetta Dejana
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592592589
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
Adhesion molecules are of fundamental importance in the regulation of immunity, inflammation, tissue remodeling, and embryonic development. They comprise different families of homologous proteins, such as selectins, integrins, cadherins, and immunoglobins. In addition, beyond these groups, other str- tures with adhesive properties, such as proteoglycans, occludin, and CD44, have been characterized recently. An understanding of the type and characteristics of adhesive molecules expressed by the different cell types and the possibility of manipulating their activity promises considerable clinical potential. Antibodies, small peptidic and nonpeptidic molecules, have recently been used to inhibit thrombosis by blocking platelet aggregation or inflammation through inhibition of leukocyte infiltration and adhesion. Inhibitors of adhesive molecules are used in expe- mental systems for the study of tumor growth and dissemination. Among major goals in the field are the identification of new members of the known adhesive protein families and of independent new adhesive structures. After structural characterization, even more demanding is the study of the biological activity of the new proteins, and the development of simple, rapid tests for the screening of possible inhibitors. In this regard, the production of such reagents as fragments and antibodies would help define the structure–function relati- ship of individual proteins. Data available in the literature show the complexity of the adhesive process and how different molecular epitopes might contribute to the adhesive properties of a single structure. Finally, a new area of investi- tion is the characterization of the intracellular signaling cascade triggered by the engagement of transmembrane adhesive proteins.
Author: Ed Manser
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592592813
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 259
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Book Description
In the last 10 years researchers have firmly established key roles for R- related GTPases in almost every aspect of cell biology. In the 1980s the pro- oncogene Ras itself was the focus of interest, though in the 1990s this shifted to the increasing variety of Ras-related proteins. In this new decade much yet needs to be done to establish the role for all the small GTPases now uncovered by the human genome project. In particular, these GTPases need to be und- stood in the appropriate biochemical and cellular contexts. In the process of trying to uncover the role of these versatile proteins, a variety of novel te- niques and methodologies has been developed. These now enable investi- tors to move easily within a diversity of fields ranging from structural studies to real-time in vivo analysis of a GTPase. In recognition of the need for access to key background methodologies, GTPase Protocols: The Ras Superfamily is devoted to techniques that are pr- ently widely used and that will continue to be the standard for researchers worldwide. Each chapter is aimed at supplying detailed methodologies to allow reproduction in any laboratory, while also providing the general pr- ciples on which the methods are based. Some of the techniques grouped in the first section apply broadly to small GTPases, whereas others in Part II are more applicable within each GTPase subfamily.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on Human Rights and Wellness
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Author: Christopher G. Mathew
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592594964
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 461
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Book Description
Extraordinary advances have been made in the field of human molecular genetics during the past five years. The ability to amplify a specific region ofDNA a millionfold in a few hours using the polymerase chain reaction has led to the rapid identification of mutations in human disease and of DNA sequence polymorphisms on every human chro- some. DNA fragments of up to 1 megabase in length can now be resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to create long-range physical maps of important regions of the genome, and can be cloned in the form of yeast artificial chromosomes. The discovery of highly variable "minisatellite" DNA sequences has led to the development of DNA fingerprinting. The application of these techniques to the study of the human genome has culminated in major advances such as the cloning of the cystic fibrosis gene, the construction of genetic linkage maps of each human chro- some, the mapping of many genes responsible for human inherited d- orders, genetic fingerprinting of forensic specimens, and the detection of mutations involved in the development of human tumors. Although many of the new techniques in molecular genetics can be learned relatively easily, it is often difficult for a researcher to obtain all of the relevant information necessary for getting up a technique and applying it successfully. The information available in the research lite- ture often lacks the depth of description that the new user requires.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309086108
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 118
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Book Description
The Immunization Safety Review Committee was established by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to evaluate the evidence on possible causal associations between immunizations and certain adverse outcomes, and to then present conclusions and recommendations. The committee's mandate also includes assessing the broader societal significance of these immunization safety issues. While all the committee members share the view that immunization is generally beneficial, none of them has a vested interest in the specific immunization safety issues that come before the group. The committee reviews three immunization safety review topics each year, addressing each one at a time. In this fifth report in a series, the committee examines the hypothesis that exposure to polio vaccine contaminated with simian virus 40 (SV40), a virus that causes inapparent infection in some monkeys, can cause certain types of cancer.
Author: Edward J. Murray
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592594948
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 417
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Book Description
Biology is the study of living things. The classical approach might be described as holistic and descriptive, whereas the modern molecular - proach aims to be investigative, reductionist, and mechanistic . Genes contain all the information for the structure of all living things ; thus, the understanding of how genes are regulated is an important step toward understanding the nature of living things. The study of gene regulation has been made more tractable by the design of simple expe- mental models in which a single gene can be isolated from the milieu of the organism. The new science of molecular biology has introduced techniques that permit the design of such experimental models. In - sence, the genome of the organism is dissected in such a manner that specific genes may now be introduced into an appropriate cell line . Subsequent analysis of the proteins expressed from the genes under study results in the identification of the regulatory DNA sequences .
Author: Blossom Damania
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387689451
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 805
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Book Description
This unique book focuses on the DNA viruses in the human population that are associated with cancers. It covers most of the viruses that are thought to contribute to human malignancy. This book represents a comprehensive review of the field of DNA tumor virology. Right now, while there are books out there that cover individual viruses that are also covered in this book, there is no single book that covers this topic comprehensively. This book is the first current, comprehensive review of its kind in the market.
Author: Kenneth P. Murphy
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592591930
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
In Protein Structure, Stability, and Folding, Kenneth P. Murphy and a panel of internationally recognized investigators describe some of the newest experimental and theoretical methods for investigating these critical events and processes. Among the techniques discussed are the many methods for calculating many of protein stability and dynamics from knowledge of the structure, and for performing molecular dynamics simulations of protein unfolding. New experimental approaches presented include the use of co-solvents, novel applications of hydrogen exchange techniques, temperature-jump methods for looking at folding events, and new strategies for mutagenesis experiments. Unique in its powerful combination of theory and practice, Protein Structure, Stability, and Folding offers protein and biophysical chemists the means to gain a more comprehensive understanding of some of this complex area by detailing many of the major techniques in use today.
Author: Ralph Rapley
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592590381
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 997
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Book Description
A comprehensive treasury of all the key molecular biology methods-ranging from DNA extraction to gene localization in situ-needed to function effectively in the modern laboratory. Each of the 120 highly successful techniques follows the format of the much acclaimed Methods in Molecular BiologyOao series, providing an introduction to the scientific basis of each technique, a complete listing of all the necessary materials and reagents, and clear step-by-step instruction to permit error-free execution. Included for each technique are notes about pitfalls to avoid, troubleshooting tips, alternate methods, and explanations of the reasons for certain steps-all key elements contributing significantly to success or failure in the lab. The Nucleic Acid Protocols Handbook constitutes today's most comprehensive collection of all the key classic and cutting-edge techniques for the successful isolation, analysis, and manipulation of nucleic acids by both experienced researchers and those new to the field."
