Author: Po-Pu Liu
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780549072768
Category : Arabidopsis thaliana
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
In mature Arabidopsis seeds, the testa (seed coat) is no longer a living tissue. Thus, major sites of gene expression in imbibed seeds are the internal living tissues such as the embryo and the endosperm. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of seed germination, the gene regulation in these two tissues during germination needs to be investigated. An enhancer-trap approach was used in this study to identify tissue- and stage-specific gene expression in seeds. The Arabidopsis enhancer-trap lines (Thomas Jack's population, CS31086) from the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center (ABRC) were screened for beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression in imbibed seeds in order to identify and characterize seed germination-associated genes. One hundred twenty one independent lines exhibiting diverse tissue-specific GUS expression patterns were isolated and kept as the Seed-GUS-Expression enhancer-trap library. This library was donated to the ABRC (stock no. CS24362--CS24480), and is now available to the international seed research community. Ninety one lines showed GUS expression predominantly in the micropylar end of the seed (named BME [Blue Micropylar End] lines), indicating that the micropylar region of Arabidopsis seed is selectively activated during germination. One of these lines, BME3, had a T-DNA insertion site in the 5' upstream region of a GATA-type zinc finger transcription factor gene (termed BME3-ZF). The BME3-ZF mRNA accumulated in seeds during cold stratification, suggesting its involvement in the physiological changes that accelerate the release of dormancy. BME3-ZF was expressed just prior to the expression of two GA biosynthesis genes, AtGA20ox3 and AtGA3ox1 which are also induced by cold stratification. The BME3-ZF knockout plants produced seeds exhibiting increased dormancy, which showed reduced response to cold stratification. The ungerminated knockout seeds exhibited testa rupture, but failed to penetrate the endosperm layer. Application of gibberellic acid (GA3) rescued impaired germination of the knockout seeds without cold stratification, indicating that the normal GA signal transduction pathway is present in the knockout seeds. These results indicate BME3 GATA zinc finger protein is a positive regulator of Arabidopsis seed germination. In this study, we provide the proof-of-concept study for the Seed-GUS-Expression enhancer trap library and the detailed procedures to use a combination of gene-expression analysis of wild-type seeds and functional analysis using knockout plants for encouraging international collaborations to utilize this library which is a useful tool to identify the genes critical for seed germination.
Author: Wei Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Seed germination is a major step in plant development and is restricted by seed dormancy. The control of dormancy release is therefore critical for successful germination and seedling development. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of a MAP kinase isoform, MPK8, in the regulation of dormancy release and germination of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. The study of mpk8 mutant seed phenotypes evidenced that MPK8 was required for dormancy release. Physiological and molecular analyses further established that MPK8 promoted seed germination via the GA pathway by upregulating GA-related gene expression. We identified TCP14, a plant-specific transcription factor of the TEOSINTHE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) family, as a downstream target for MPK8. The phenotype of mpk8tcp14 seeds indicated that MPK8 functioned upstream of TCP14 in a common pathway. MPK8 interacted in vivo with TCP14 in the nucleus and phosphorylated TCP14 in vitro. Moreover, in a reconstituted system, MPK8 promoted TCP14 transcriptional activity by a mechanism independent of TCP14 phosphorylation. The transcriptomes of WT, mpk8 and tcp14 seeds have been compared. Whereas no difference was observed in dry seeds, mpk8 and tcp14 seeds presented dramatic and common transcriptomic alterations after imbibition, with a sustained expression of genes related to seed maturation. In contrast, both mutants exhibited repression of genes involved in cell wall remodeling, cell cycle G1/S transition and hormonal response. The MPK8-TCP14 module therefore appears as a regulator of the dormancy-to-germination transition. Using a genetic approach, the analysis of the function of additional Class I TCPs in the regulation of seed germination has been initiated. Current data suggest a complex interplay between TCPs with antagonistic functions and future work will help unravel the mechanisms responsible for this antagonism so as the role of MPK8 in this network. Taken together, our data evidence MPK8 as a new regulator of seed germination and point out the role of the MPK8-TCP14 module in the transition from seed dormancy to seed germination.
Author: Kent Bradford
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1405173270
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
The formation, dispersal and germination of seeds are crucial stages in the life cycles of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants. The unique properties of seeds, particularly their tolerance to desiccation, their mobility, and their ability to schedule their germination to coincide with times when environmental conditions are favorable to their survival as seedlings, have no doubt contributed significantly to the success of seed-bearing plants. Humans are also dependent upon seeds, which constitute the majority of the world’s staple foods (e.g., cereals and legumes). Seeds are an excellent system for studying fundamental developmental processes in plant biology, as they develop from a single fertilized zygote into an embryo and endosperm, in association with the surrounding maternal tissues. As genetic and molecular approaches have become increasingly powerful tools for biological research, seeds have become an attractive system in which to study a wide array of metabolic processes and regulatory systems. Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination provides a comprehensive overview of seed biology from the point of view of the developmental and regulatory processes that are involved in the transition from a developing seed through dormancy and into germination and seedling growth. It examines the complexity of the environmental, physiological, molecular and genetic interactions that occur through the life cycle of seeds, along with the concepts and approaches used to analyze seed dormancy and germination behavior. It also identifies the current challenges and remaining questions for future research. The book is directed at plant developmental biologists, geneticists, plant breeders, seed biologists and graduate students.
Author: Stanton Gelvin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 940115242X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0081026218
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
Abscisic Acid in Plants, Volume 92, the latest release in the Advances in Botanical Research series, is a compilation of the current state-of-the-art on the topic. Chapters in this new release comprehensively describe latest knowledge on how ABA functions as a plant hormone. They cover topics related to molecular mechanisms as well as the biochemical and chemical aspects of ABA action: hormone biosynthesis, catabolism, transport, perception, signaling in plants, seeds and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, hormone evolution and chemical biology, and much more. Presents the latest release in the Advances in Botanical Research series Provides an Ideal resource for post-graduates and researchers in the plant sciences, including plant physiology, plant genetics, plant biochemistry, plant pathology, and plant evolution Contains contributions from internationally recognized authorities in their respective fields
Author: Steve W. Adkins
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1845931971
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 460
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Book Description
These proceedings contain 43 papers on the aspects of seed conservation, development, biotechnology, germination, dormancy and ecology.
Author: Anja Schmidt
Publisher: Humana
ISBN: 9781493972852
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This detailed volume explores common and numerous specialized methods to study various aspects of plant germline development and targeted manipulation, including imaging and hybridization techniques to study cell-type specification, cell lineage, signaling and hormones, cell cycle, and the cytoskeleton. In addition, cell-type specific methods for targeted ablation or isolation are provided, protocols to apply “omics” technologies and to perform bioinformatics data analysis, as well as methods relevant for aspects of biotechnology or plant breeding. This includes protocols that are relevant for the targeted manipulation of pathways, for crop plant transformation, or for conditional induction of phenotypes. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Plant Germline Development: Methods and Protocols serves as a comprehensive guide not only to studying basic questions related to different aspects of plant reproductive development but also for state of the art methods, in addition to being a source of inspiration for new approaches and research questions in many laboratories.
Author: Sean R. Gallagher
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323137644
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
The gb-glucuronidase (GUS) gene is extremely useful as a reporter of the expression of introduced genes and can be used in organisms where other reporter genes are useless. Thus, the GUS gene is the reporter gene of choice for transgenic plant research. Not only can this assay be used to detect whether a gene is being expressed, but it can be used to determine the location of the gene product within cells. Low cost is another advantage of this assay. GUS Protocols provides instructions and essential background information that will enable researchers to effectively use the GUS gene as a reporter of the expression of introduced genes. - First book on the GUS reporter system - Up-to-date reference lists following each of the fourteen chapters - Comb-bound for convenient bench-top use - Written by leading authorities including R.A. Jefferson, inventor of the GUS assay - Illustrated with color - GUS detection by fluorometric, spectrophotometric, and histochemical methods - Fast, automated assays
Author: Erich Grotewold
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592594131
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 443
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Book Description
Functional genomics is a young discipline whose origin can be traced back to the late 1980s and early 1990s, when molecular tools became available to determine the cellular functions of genes. Today, functional genomics is p- ceived as the analysis, often large-scale, that bridges the structure and organi- tion of genomes and the assessment of gene function. The completion in 2000 of the genome sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana has created a number of new and exciting challenges in plant functional genomics. The immediate task for the plant biology community is to establish the functions of the approximately 25,000 genes present in this model plant. One major issue that will remain even after this formidable task is c- pleted is establishing to what degree our understanding of the genome of one model organism, such as the dicot Arabidopsis, provides insight into the or- nization and function of genes in other plants. The genome sequence of rice, completed in 2002 as a result of the synergistic interaction of the private and public sectors, promises to significantly enrich our knowledge of the general organization of plant genomes. However, the tools available to investigate gene function in rice are lagging behind those offered by other model plant systems. Approaches available to investigate gene function become even more limited for plants other than the model systems of Arabidopsis, rice, and maize.
Author: Peter Hedden
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119210453
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 472
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Book Description
First discovered as fungal metabolites, the gibberellins were recognised as plant hormones over 50 years ago. They regulate reproductive development in all vascular plants, while their role in flowering plants has broadened to include also the regulation of growth and other developmental processes. This timely book covers the substantial and impressive recent advances in our understanding of the gibberellins and their roles in plant development, including the biosynthesis, inactivation, transport, perception and signal transduction of these important hormones. An introductory chapter traces the history of gibberellin research, describing the many discoveries that form the basis for the recent progress. The exciting emerging evidence for the interaction of gibberellin signalling with that of the other hormones is critically evaluated. The occurrence of gibberellins in fungal, bacterial and lower plant species is also discussed, with emphasis on evolution. Manipulation of gibberellin metabolism and signal transduction through chemical or genetic intervention has been an important aspect of crop husbandry for many years. The reader is presented with important information on the advances in applying gibberellin research in agriculture and horticulture. Annual Plant Reviews, Volume 49: The Gibberellins is an important resource for plant geneticists and biochemists, as well as agricultural and horticultural research workers, advanced students of plant science and university lecturers in related disciplines. It is an essential addition to the shelves of university and research institute libraries and agricultural and horticultural institutions teaching and researching plant science.
