Study of Radiation Effects in the Compact Muon Solenoid Tracker from Beam-beam Interactions at the LHC PDF Download
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Author: Xuegang Xia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radiation
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Author: Xuegang Xia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radiation
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Author: Olena Karacheban
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319931393
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Book Description
This book describes the application of a novel technology for beam instrumentation and luminosity measurement and first results on a cutting edge technology potentially to be used after the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider to higher luminosity. It presents a unique diamond-based luminometer with a detailed performance study. The online bunch-by-bunch luminosity measurements provide an invaluable feedback to the Collider for beam optimisation and for the understanding of beam dynamics. The precision of the luminosity measurement is crucial for all physics analyses. This book highlights the Van der Meer method, which is used for the calibration of the luminometers of the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) experiment, and describes the estimate of systematic uncertainties, e.g. due to radiation damage of sensors and electronics and uncertainties of beam parameters. For the future high-luminosity upgrade of the collider, sapphire sensors are investigated in a test beam. It is demonstrated for the first time that sapphire sensors can be used as single particle detectors. A model for the charge transport in sapphire is developed and successfully applied.
Author: Dan M. Fleetwood
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9789812794703
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
This book provides a detailed treatment of radiation effects in electronic devices, including effects at the material, device, and circuit levels. The emphasis is on transient effects caused by single ionizing particles (single-event effects and soft errors) and effects produced by the cumulative energy deposited by the radiation (total ionizing dose effects). Bipolar (Si and SiGe), metalOCooxideOCosemiconductor (MOS), and compound semiconductor technologies are discussed. In addition to considering the specific issues associated with high-performance devices and technologies, the book includes the background material necessary for understanding radiation effects at a more general level. Contents: Single Event Effects in Avionics and on the Ground (E Normand); Soft Errors in Commercial Integrated Circuits (R C Baumann); System Level Single Event Upset Mitigation Strategies (W F Heidergott); Space Radiation Effects in Optocouplers (R A Reed et al.); The Effects of Space Radiation Exposure on Power MOSFETs: A Review (K Shenai et al.); Total Dose Effects in Linear Bipolar Integrated Circuits (H J Barnaby); Hardness Assurance for Commercial Microelectronics (R L Pease); Switching Oxide Traps (T R Oldham); Online and Realtime Dosimetry Using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (L Dusseau & J Gasiot); and other articles. Readership: Practitioners, researchers, managers and graduate students in electrical and electronic engineering, semiconductor science and technology, and microelectronics."
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The Pb-Pb center of mass energy at the LHC will exceed that of Au-Au collisions at RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) by nearly a factor of 30, providing exciting opportunities for addressing unique physics issues in a completely new energy domain. The interest of the Heavy Ion (HI) Physics at LHC is discussed in more detail in the LHC-USA white paper and the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Heavy Ion proposal. A few highlights are presented in this document. Heavy ion collisions at LHC energies will explore regions of energy and particle density significantly beyond those reachable at RHIC. The energy density of the thermalized matter created at the LHC is estimated to be 20 times higher than at RHIC, implying an initial temperature, which is greater than at RHIC by more than a factor of two. The higher density of produced partons also allows a faster thermalization. As a consequence, the ratio of the quark-gluon plasma lifetime to the thermalization time increases by a factor of 10 over RHIC. Thus the hot, dense systems created in HI collisions at the LHC spend most of the time in a purely partonic state. The longer lifetime of the quark-gluon plasma state widens significantly the time window available to probe it experimentally. RHIC experiments have reported evidence for jet production in HI collisions and for suppression of high p{sub T} particle production. Those results open a new field of exploration of hot and dense nuclear matter. Even though RHIC has already broken ground, the production rates for jets with p{sub T}> 30 GeV are several orders of magnitude larger at the LHC than at RHIC, allowing for systematic studies with high statistics in a clean kinematic region. High p{sub T} quark and gluon jets can be used to study the hot hadronic medium produced in HI interactions. The larger Q2 causes jets to materialize very soon after the collision. They are thus embedded in and propagate through the dense environment as it forms and evolves. Through their interactions with the environment, they measure its properties and are sensitive to the formation of quark-gluon plasma. Moreover large transverse momentum probes are easily isolated experimentally from the background of soft particles produced in the collision. From a theoretical point of view, the high p{sub T} ensures that the medium effects are perturbatively calculable, strengthening their usefulness as quantitative diagnostic tools. Another interesting aspect of heavy ion collisions at the energy of the LHC is the time evolution of the system. At the moment of the collision, this may be described in terms of classical color fields and the gross properties of the system are calculable in perturbative QCD. Lastly let us mention the fact that at central rapidities LHC is expected to reach a truly baryon-free regime. Results from RHIC have shown that not all the valence quarks are removed from central rapidities at RHIC.
Author: Alfredo Ferrari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Particles (Nuclear physics)
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Photonics
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
Author: Thorben Quast
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030902021
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
In order to cope with the increased radiation level and the challenging pile-up conditions at High Luminosity-LHC, the CMS collaboration will replace its current calorimeter endcaps with the High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) in the mid 2020s. This dissertation addresses two important topics related to the preparation of the HGCAL upgrade: experimental validation of its silicon- based design and fast simulation of its data. Beam tests at the DESY (Hamburg) and the CERN SPS beam test facilities in 2018 have been the basis for the design validation. The associated experimental infrastructure, the algorithms deployed in the reconstruction of the recorded data, as well as the respective analyses are reported in this thesis: First, core components of the silicon-based prototype modules are characterised and it is demonstrated that the assembled modules are functional. In particular, their efficiency to detect minimum ionising particles (MIPs) traversing the silicon sensors is found to be more than 98% for most of the modules. No indication of charge sharing between the silicon pads is observed. Subsequently, the energy response is calibrated in situ using the beam test data. Equalisation of the different responses among the readout channels is achieved with MIPs hereby deploying the HGCAL prototype as a MIP-tracking device. The relative variation of the inferred calibration constants amounts to 3% for channels on the same readout chip. The calibration of the time-of-arrival information is performed with an external time reference detector. With it, timing resolutions of single cells including the full prototype readout chain around 60ps in the asymptotic high energy limit are obtained. The calorimetric performance of the HGCAL prototype is validated with particle showers induced by incident positrons and charged pions. For electromagnetic showers, the constant term in the relative energy resolution is measured to be (0.52± 0.08) %, whereas the stochastic term amounts to (22.2 ± 0.3)% √GeV. This result is in good agreement with the calorimeter simulation with GEANT4. The prototype’s positioning resolution of the shower axis, after subtracting the contribution from the delay wire chambers in the beam line used as reference, is found to be below 0.4 mm at 300 GeV. At the same energy, the angular resolution in the reconstruction of the electromagnetic shower axis in this prototype is measured to be less than 5mrad. The analysis of the hadronic showers in this thesis makes use state-of-the- art machine-learning methods that exploit the calorimeter’s granularity. It is indicated that the energy resolution may be improved using software compensation and also that the separation of electromagnetic and charged pion-induced showers in the calorimeter may benefit from such methods. The measurements of the hadronic showers are adequately reproduced by GEANT4 simulation. Altogether, the obtained results from the analysis of the beam test data in this thesis are in agreement with the full functionality of the silicon-based HGCAL design. The final part of this thesis provides a proof of principle that generative modelling based on deep neural networks in conjunction with the Wasserstein distance is a suitable approach for the fast simulation of HGCAL data: Instead of sequential simulation, a deep neural network-based generative model generates all calorimeter energy depositions simultaneously. This genera t or network is optimised throu gh an adversarial training process using a critic network guided by the Wasserstein distance. The developed framework in this thesis is applied to both GEANT4- simulated electromagnetic showers and to positron data from the beam tests. Ultimately, this fast simulation approach is up to four orders of magnitude faster than sequential simulation with GEANT4. It is able to produce realistic calorimeter energy depositions from electromagnetic showers, incorporating their fluctuations and correlations when converted into typical calorimeter observables.
Author: Mario Campanelli
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540328416
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
This book gathers the proceedings of The Hadron Collider Physics Symposia (HCP) 2005, and reviews the state-of-the-art in the key physics directions of experimental hadron collider research. Topics include QCD physics, precision electroweak physics, c-, b-, and t-quark physics, physics beyond the Standard Model, and heavy ion physics. The present volume serves as a reference for everyone working in the field of accelerator-based high-energy physics.
Author: David López Mateos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
In this thesis we perform analyses on simulated data that allow us to demonstrate the sensitivity of the CMS experiment to certain jet quenching observables. In particular, two theoretical scenarios which mimic RHIC data at low PT and which show either no quenching or BDMPS-based quenching at high PT are formulated. The difference between these two scenarios is analyzed for RAA, RCP at different centralities and jet-specific observables such as jet energy spectra, fragmentation functions and jet profiles. We show how these analyses indicate that the large acceptance of the CMS detector, combined with the high granularity in the energy resolution of the calorimeter will be essential tools in studying the phenomenon of jet quenching. Finally, we propose extensions to this work in preparation to analyzing the data from Pb-Pb runs at the LHC. Disclaimer: The work on this thesis does not model the CMS detector geometry with the accuracy required for official analyses, which are fully representative of the CMS detector capabilities. Such analyses require of the full CMS simulation machinery and are left to the CMS Heavy Ion group as a whole.
Author: Sergio Bertolucci
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1607506300
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
High energy physics (HEP) has a crucial role in the context of fundamental physics. HEP experiments make use of a massive array of sophisticated detectors to analyze the particles produced in high-energy scattering events. This book contains the papers from the workshop 'Radiation and Particle Detectors', organized by the International School of Physics, and held in Varenna in July 2009. Its subject is the use of detectors for research in fundamental physics, astro-particle physics and applied physics. Subjects covered include the measurement of: the position and length of ionization trails, t.
