Studies on Surface and Underground Nuclear Explosions. Final Report PDF Download
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Languages : en
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The entire range of shock propagation, from the close-in phase to the elastic behavior, is studied. Under equation of state studies it is shown thermodynamically that the waste heat is the result of entropy changes and the absorption of thermal energy by the dense constituents in mixtures of solids and air. Fluid thermodynamic properties of a gassolid mixture are studied. An analytical solution for a spherical shock wave with constant compressed density is presented. An analytical expression is derived for the acceleration behind a spherical shock wave and compared with experimental results. Cratering from surface and shallowburied nuclear detonations is analyzed. The implications of the radiation phase of a nuclear detonation on cavitation in a camouflat-type nuclear detonation are covered. Highexplosive and nuclear detonations are analyzed on the basis of theoretical information and TNT field tests. Encouraging results are obtained for correlating high-explosive tests and nuclear detonations as bases for predicting nuclear detonation effects. A graphical general solution for refraction at an interface that overcomes obstacles posed for mathematical analyses of the problems is presented. This method is applied to a refraction at the earth's surface from a shallow-buried nuclear detonation. (auth).
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The entire range of shock propagation, from the close-in phase to the elastic behavior, is studied. Under equation of state studies it is shown thermodynamically that the waste heat is the result of entropy changes and the absorption of thermal energy by the dense constituents in mixtures of solids and air. Fluid thermodynamic properties of a gassolid mixture are studied. An analytical solution for a spherical shock wave with constant compressed density is presented. An analytical expression is derived for the acceleration behind a spherical shock wave and compared with experimental results. Cratering from surface and shallowburied nuclear detonations is analyzed. The implications of the radiation phase of a nuclear detonation on cavitation in a camouflat-type nuclear detonation are covered. Highexplosive and nuclear detonations are analyzed on the basis of theoretical information and TNT field tests. Encouraging results are obtained for correlating high-explosive tests and nuclear detonations as bases for predicting nuclear detonation effects. A graphical general solution for refraction at an interface that overcomes obstacles posed for mathematical analyses of the problems is presented. This method is applied to a refraction at the earth's surface from a shallow-buried nuclear detonation. (auth).
Author: David B. Lombard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Detonation waves
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Author: M. A. Chaszeyka
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
High explosive and nuclear detonations are analyzed on the basis of theoretical information and TNT field tests. Encouraging results are obtained for correlating high explosive tests and nuclear detonations as bases for predicting nuclear detonation effects. A graphical general solution for refraction at an interface that overcomes obstacles posed for mathematical analyses of the problem is presented. This method is applied to a refraction at the earth's surface from a shallow-buried nuclear detonation.
Author: Thomas L. Thompson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mining engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
Author: P. G. Richards
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ISBN:
Category : Elastic waves
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
Author: Richard Martin Foose
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Underground nuclear explosions
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
Author: Ola Dahlman
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483165167
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 451
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Book Description
Monitoring Underground Nuclear Explosions focuses on the checking of underground nuclear explosions, including the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTB), seismological stations, earthquake-source models, and seismicity. The publication first elaborates on test-ban negotiations, nuclear explosions, seismological background, and explosions and earthquakes as seismic sources. Concerns cover comparison between explosion-source and earthquake-source models, theoretical calculation of seismic waves, earth structure, seismicity, nuclear test activities, bomb designs, and disarmament treaties. The manuscript then tackles seismological stations, detection, event definition and location, depth estimation, and identification. Topics include multistation discriminants, statistical aspects, long-period and short-period signals, near distances, location by a network of stations, international data exchange, station detection capabilities, and station networks. The book examines the monitoring of a comprehensive test-ban treaty, nonseismological identification, evasion, peaceful nuclear explosions, and yield estimation. The text is a dependable reference for researchers interested in the monitoring of underground nuclear explosions.
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Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The approximate physical distribution and condition of displaced and ruptured rock materials in the Rainier and Neptune areas were established by geologic observation of structural and lithologic details, and stratigraphic correlations. The effects of the detonations were found to be related to the rock types considered from the standpoint of engineering materials as well as to their structural positioning. Gross displacements and fracturing are in apparent accord with Mohr theory of rupture stress orientation. Factual data find explanation on the fundamental basis of primary (blast) and secondary (gravity) induced principal stresses. The 90 plus or minus 20-ton Neptune explosion disaggregated and displaced rock materials to a radial distance which ranged between 45 and 100 feet from ground zero depending on the orientation of bedding plane weaknesses and proximity of the ground surface to the point of detonation. Primary fracturing extended from ground zero to a radial distance which ranged from 55 feet to an estimated 145 feet depending on the favorable distribution of geologic structural weaknesses. Neptune was found to exhibit primary (blast) and secondary (gravity) rupture features which are fundamentally the same as those found in thc Rainier area. The 1700-ton Rainier shot initiallyformed a fused- rock-lined cavity of an average 62 plus or minus 10foot radius below ground zero and an undetermined radius above ground zero Gross primary rock displacement and gain disaggregation took place to a radiul distance of from 80 to 130 feet from ground zero. Visible primary fracturing extended to a radial distance which ranges between 150 and 220 feet depending on the proximity of hard brittle rock (welded tuff) which, it is concluded, transmitted rupture stresses to a much greater distance than the "punky" granular tuff. Collapse of rock material into the initial cavity was favored by primary shear fractures, which developed prominently to a radius of 150 feet from ground zero. The collapsed rock defines a 100-foot-diameter cylindrical zone. This zone is presumed to extend for 388 feet upward from ground zero. A dome-shaped top is postulated on the basis of Mohr stress theory. It should be noted that, with the exception of drill hole G, there has been no drilling or underground working above the Raise'' Drift. Cavities, distributed around the perimeter of the cylinder, are attributed to variations in the coherence of the rock strata which were disrupted during collapse. The collapse block has remained essentially intact. This fact, coupled with the virtual absence of radioactive fission products above ground zero and nearly complete pulverization of the central collapse block, leads to the conclusion that underground nuclear explosions are applicable to mining by block-caving methods. Furthermore, material within the crushed zone should be mineable without the use of additional explosives. The mineability of material within the fracture limit is a question that is difficult to answer at present, as the degree of fracturing has not been established. Perhaps the direct approach of experimental excavation would be the best solution to the problem. The conclusions presented should be considered as hypotheses awaiting verification. There is still much to be learned from the Rainier explosion. (auth).
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The effects of nuclear explosions have been observed and studied since the first nuclear test (code named Trinity) on July 16, 1945. Since that first detonation, 1,053 nuclear tests have been conducted by the US, most of which were sited underground at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). The effects of underground nuclear explosions (UNEs) on their surroundings have long been the object of much interest and study, especially for containment, engineering, and treaty verification purposes. One aspect of these explosion-induced phenomena is the disruption or alteration of the near-surface environment, also known as surface effects. This report was prepared at the request of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), to bring together, correlate, and preserve information and techniques used in the recognition and documentation of surface effects of UNEs. This report has several main sections, including pertinent background information (Section 2.0), descriptions of the different types of surface effects (Section 3.0), discussion of their application and limitations (Section 4.0), an extensive bibliography and glossary (Section 6.0 and Appendix A), and procedures used to document geologic surface effects at the NTS (Appendix C). Because a majority of US surface-effects experience is from the NTS, an overview of pertinent NTS-specific information also is provided in Appendix B. It is not within the scope of this report to explore new relationships among test parameters, physiographic setting, and the types or degree of manifestation of surface effects, but rather to compile, summarize, and capture surface-effects observations and interpretations, as well as documentation procedures and the rationale behind them.
