Studies of Electron Activities in SNS-type Superconducting Rf Cavities PDF Download
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Languages : en
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During vertical testing of SNS superconducting RF cavities, a lot of electron activity was observed. This could be evidence of in-cell multipacting, cell to cell electron mitigation or near-axis dark current. To study the potential for these electron activities in SRF cavities, a multi-purpose electron tracking code (FishPact) was developed based on the Poisson/Superfish Field solvers. Electron trajectories between the impacts in both medium-[beta] and high-[beta] cavities are tracked under varying accelerating gradient (E{sub acc}), RF phases, and emission locations. It is found that the high beta cavities show a greater propensity for potential sources of dark current than their medium beta counterparts. It is further proposed that field emission induced multipacting is a potential, though rare, source of further Q0 degradation.
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Languages : en
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Book Description
During vertical testing of SNS superconducting RF cavities, a lot of electron activity was observed. This could be evidence of in-cell multipacting, cell to cell electron mitigation or near-axis dark current. To study the potential for these electron activities in SRF cavities, a multi-purpose electron tracking code (FishPact) was developed based on the Poisson/Superfish Field solvers. Electron trajectories between the impacts in both medium-[beta] and high-[beta] cavities are tracked under varying accelerating gradient (E{sub acc}), RF phases, and emission locations. It is found that the high beta cavities show a greater propensity for potential sources of dark current than their medium beta counterparts. It is further proposed that field emission induced multipacting is a potential, though rare, source of further Q0 degradation.
Author: Eric Lechner
Publisher:
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Languages : en
Pages : 115
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Book Description
Radio frequency (RF) cavities are the foundational infrastructure which facilitates much of the fundamental research conducted in high energy particle physics. These RF cavities utilize their unique shape to produce resonant electromagnetic fields used to accelerate charged particles. Beside their core role in fundamental physics research, RF cavities have found application in other disciplines including material science, chemistry and biology which take advantage of their unique light sources. Industry has been keen on taking advantage of accelerator technology for a multitude of applications. Particle accelerators like the one found at Jefferson Lab's Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility must produce stable beams of high energy particles which is an incredibly costly endeavor to pursue. With the gargantuan size of these facilities, the cost of high-quality beam production is a matter of great importance. The quest to find highly efficient RF cavities has resulted in the widespread use of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities which are the most efficient resonators that exploit a superconductor's incredibly low AC surface resistance. While metals like Cu are up to the demanding job of RF cavity particle acceleration, their efficiency at transferring RF power to the particle beam is low when they are compared with SRF Nb cavities. Nb is the standard material for all SRF cavity technology particularly for its reproducibly low surface resistance, comparatively high transition temperature and thermodynamic critical field. Using superconducting Nb is not without its drawbacks. Keeping hundreds of Nb cavities in their superconducting state under extreme RF conditions is quite a daunting task. It requires the normal state not nucleate during operation. This is achieved by producing high-quality cavities with as few defects and impurities as possible while also keeping the cavities at low temperature, usually 2K. Again, due to the sheer scale of the facilities, hundred million-dollar cryogenic plants are required to handle the heat loads during SRF cavity operation. This means even small increases in maximum accelerating gradients or decrease in cavity surface resistance results in a sizably reduced operation cost. Considerable effort has been put forth to increase the efficiency of Nb cavities toward and even beyond the theoretical maximum accelerating gradients and quality factor for a clean superconductor. Recently, a new method to produce high quality factor cavities has emerged that involves nitrogen doping the cavity. The mechanism by which N doping causes the improvement is still not well understood, but the experimental research described in this dissertation shines some light into the mechanisms behind such a drastic improvement. These insights are universal for all superconductors and may prove useful for SRF cavities beyond Nb. With Nb approaching its fundamental limits, new materials are being proposed to increase the performance of future SRF cavities which MgB2 finds itself among. MgB2 is a two-band superconductor that possesses many properties that are very attractive for the next generation of SRF cavities. One of the most important properties is MgB2's comparatively large critical temperature which in part predicts it will have a lower surface resistance than Nb at higher operating temperatures. Such behavior of MgB2 may unlock the possibility of using cryocoolers instead of costly liquid helium plants for large scale industrial use. This dissertation starts with an introduction to superconductivity, its theory, and application to SRF cavities as well as the open questions that can be addressed in Nb and the next generation of SRF materials. A description of the experimental techniques of scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy is presented. Our experimental investigation into Nb SRF cavity cutouts starts with a discussion of the material's limitations for SRF applications with an emphasis on the proximity effect which arises at the surface of this material due to its myriad of naturally forming oxides. The results of our scanning tunneling microscopy measurements for typically prepared Nb and nitrogen doped Nb follows and comparisons are made which show that the surface oxides are fundamentally different between these samples likely resulting in the profound enhancement of the cavity's quality factor. Experimental investigation into the native oxide of hot spot nitrogen doped Nb shows a degraded oxide and superconducting properties as compared with the cold spot. The dissertation continues with a brief introduction to MgB2, followed by our scanning tunneling and electron tunneling insights into MgB2. The dissertation is concluded with a summary of our investigations and broader impact of our research on the SRF community.
Author: Hasan Padamsee
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527408428
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 548
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Book Description
This book introduces some of the key ideas of this exciting field, using a pedagogic approach, and presents a comprehensive overview of the field. It is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the basic concepts of microwave cavities for particle acceleration. The second part is devoted to the observed behavior of superconducting cavities. In the third part,general issues connected with beam-cavity interaction and the related issues for the critical components are covered. The final part discusses applications of superconducting cavities to frontier accelerators of the future, drawing heavily on the examples that are in their most advanced stage. Each part of the book ends in a Problems section to illustrate and amplify text material as well as draw on example applications of superconducting cavities to existing and future accelerators.
Author: Sebastian Aderhold
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 628
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 992
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Author: European Organization for Nuclear Research
Publisher:
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Category : Nuclear physics
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Author: European Organization for Nuclear Research
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Category : Nuclear physics
Languages : en
Pages : 680
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Author: United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
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Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 1072
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Author: Thomas P. Wangler
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9783527406807
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 476
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Book Description
Dieses einschlägige Lehrbuch, entwickelt auf der Grundlage der Ausbildung an der US Particle Accelerator School, schließt eine Lücke in der verfügbaren Literatur zum Thema Hochfrequenz-Linearbeschleuniger, kurz RF-Linac. Nach einer Erläuterung der naturwissenschaftlichen Grundlagen und der neuesten technologischen Eckdaten stellt diese zweite Auflage neueste RF-Linacs, spezialisierte Systeme, Systeme mit Supraleitern und verschiedene Spezialverfahren vor. Übungsaufgaben an den Kapitelenden erleichtern das Einprägen und das Nacharbeiten von Vorlesungen.
