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Author: A. Wayne Jones
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000048640
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 564
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Book Description
Alcohol, Drugs, and Impaired Driving addresses many theoretical and practical issues related to the role played by alcohol and other psychoactive drugs on driving performance, road-traffic safety, and public health. Several key forensic issues are involved in the enforcement of laws regulating driving under the influence of alcohol and/or other drugs, including analytical toxicology, pharmacology of drug action, as well as the relationships between dose taken, concentration levels in the body, and impairment of performance and behavior. Our knowledge of drunken driving is much more comprehensive than drugged driving, so a large part of this book is devoted to alcohol impairment, as well as impairment caused by use of drugs other than alcohol. For convenience, the book is divided into four main sections. The first section gives some historical background about measuring alcohol in blood and breath as evidence for the prosecution of traffic offenders. The important role of the Breathalyzer instrument in traffic-law enforcement, especially in Australia, Canada, and the USA is presented along with a biographical sketch of its inventor (Professor Robert F. Borkenstein of Indiana University) with focus on the man, his work and his impact. The second section discusses several issues related to forensic blood and breath-alcohol alcohol analysis as evidence for prosecution of traffic offenders. This includes how the results should be interpreted in relation to impairment and an evaluation of common defense challenges. Because most countries have adopted concentration per se laws, the main thrust of the prosecution case is the suspect’s measured blood- or breath-alcohol concentration. This legal framework necessitates that the analytical methods used are "fit for purpose" and are subjected to rigorous quality assurance procedures. The third section gives a broad overview of the current state of knowledge about driving under the influence of non-alcohol drugs in various countries. This includes adoption of zero-tolerance laws, concentration per se statutes, and clinical evidence of driver impairment based on field sobriety tests and drug recognition expert evidence. The fourth section deals with epidemiology, enforcement, and countermeasures aimed at reducing the threat of drunken and drugged driving. All articles have appeared previously in the international journal Forensic Science Review, but all are completely updated with current data, references, and the latest research on developments since the articles were published. This book contains a convenient collection of the best articles covering recommendations for blood and breath testing methods, public policy relating to such methods, and forensic and legal implications of the enforcement of measures to counter driving under the influence.
Author: A. Wayne Jones
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000048640
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 564
Get Book Here
Book Description
Alcohol, Drugs, and Impaired Driving addresses many theoretical and practical issues related to the role played by alcohol and other psychoactive drugs on driving performance, road-traffic safety, and public health. Several key forensic issues are involved in the enforcement of laws regulating driving under the influence of alcohol and/or other drugs, including analytical toxicology, pharmacology of drug action, as well as the relationships between dose taken, concentration levels in the body, and impairment of performance and behavior. Our knowledge of drunken driving is much more comprehensive than drugged driving, so a large part of this book is devoted to alcohol impairment, as well as impairment caused by use of drugs other than alcohol. For convenience, the book is divided into four main sections. The first section gives some historical background about measuring alcohol in blood and breath as evidence for the prosecution of traffic offenders. The important role of the Breathalyzer instrument in traffic-law enforcement, especially in Australia, Canada, and the USA is presented along with a biographical sketch of its inventor (Professor Robert F. Borkenstein of Indiana University) with focus on the man, his work and his impact. The second section discusses several issues related to forensic blood and breath-alcohol alcohol analysis as evidence for prosecution of traffic offenders. This includes how the results should be interpreted in relation to impairment and an evaluation of common defense challenges. Because most countries have adopted concentration per se laws, the main thrust of the prosecution case is the suspect’s measured blood- or breath-alcohol concentration. This legal framework necessitates that the analytical methods used are "fit for purpose" and are subjected to rigorous quality assurance procedures. The third section gives a broad overview of the current state of knowledge about driving under the influence of non-alcohol drugs in various countries. This includes adoption of zero-tolerance laws, concentration per se statutes, and clinical evidence of driver impairment based on field sobriety tests and drug recognition expert evidence. The fourth section deals with epidemiology, enforcement, and countermeasures aimed at reducing the threat of drunken and drugged driving. All articles have appeared previously in the international journal Forensic Science Review, but all are completely updated with current data, references, and the latest research on developments since the articles were published. This book contains a convenient collection of the best articles covering recommendations for blood and breath testing methods, public policy relating to such methods, and forensic and legal implications of the enforcement of measures to counter driving under the influence.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309031494
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 478
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Book Description
Author: James B. Jacobs
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022622290X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
In this ambitious interdisciplinary study, James B. Jacobs provides the first comprehensive review and analysis of America's drunk driving problem and of America's anti-drunk driving policies and jurisprudence. In a clear and accessible style, he considers what has been learned, what is being done, and what constitutional limits exist to the control and enforcement of drunk driving.
Author: Hiram E. Fitzgerald
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190676000
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 401
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Book Description
Machine generated contents note: -- Part I. Alcohol Use Disorders: Perspectives from Developmental Psychopathology and Developmental Science -- Chapter 1. Developmental Science, Alcohol Use Disorders and the Risk-Resilience Continuum -- Leon Puttler, Robert A. Zucker, and Hiram E. Fitzgerald -- Chapter 2. A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Substance Use: Illustrations from the Study of Child Maltreatment -- Dante Cicchetti and Fred Rogosch -- Chapter 3. Multifinality, Equifinality and the Heterogeneity of Alcoholism. -- Andrea Hussong, Drew Rothenberg, Ruth K. Smith, and Maleeha Haroon -- Part II. Alcohol Use Disorders: Developmental Neurobiology and Early Organization of Risk -- Chapter 4. A Developmental Perspective on the Genetic Basis of Substance Use and Abuse -- Elisa Trucoo, Gabriel L. Schlomer, and Brian Hicks -- Chapter 5. Alcohol Used Disorder: Role of Epigenetics -- Igor Ponomarev -- Chapter 6: Brain Functional Contributors to Vulnerability for Substance Abuse: -- Mary M. Heitzeg -- Part III. Alcohol Use Disorders: Developmental Transitions from Infancy to Adolescence -- Chapter 7. Etiological processes for substance use disorders beginning in infancy -- Rena D. Eiden -- Chapter 8. Sleep Problems during the Preschool Years and Beyond as a Marker of Risk and Resilience in Substance Use? -- Maria Wong -- Chapter 9. Self-regulation, Behavioral Inhibition, and Risk for Alcoholism and Substance Use Disorders. -- Joel T. Nigg -- Chapter 10: A Framework for Studying Parental Socialization of Child and Adolescent Substance Use. -- John Donovan -- Chapter 11: Alcohol and Youth: Evaluations of Developmental Impact -- Guadalupe A. Bacio, Ty Brumback and Sandra A. Brown -- Part IV. Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders: Developmental Transitions from Adolescence to Emergent Adulthood -- Chapter12: Substance Use and Abuse during Adolescence and the Transition to Adulthood are Developmental Phenomena: Conceptual and Empirical Considerations. -- John Schulenberg, Julie Maslowsky, and Justin Jager -- Chapter 13. Who Is Using Alternative Tobacco Products and Why? Research on Adolescents and Young Adults -- Alexandra Loukas and Deepti Agarwal -- Chapter 14. Developmental Perspectives on Cigarette Smoking: Findings from the IU Smoking Survey -- Laurie Chassin, Clark Presson, Jonathan T. Macy and Steven J. Sherman -- Chapter 15: Alcohol Use and Consequences across Developmental Transitions during College and Beyond -- James R. Ashenhurst and Kim Fromme -- Chapter 16. Developmental Transitions and College Binge Drinking: Why Parents Still Matter. -- Michael Ichiyama, Kayla Swart, Annie Wescott, Sarah Harrison, and Kelly Birch -- Chapter 17. Personality Processes Related to the Development and Resolution of Alcohol Use Disorders: A Long and Continually Evolving Story -- Kenneth Sher, Andrew Littlefield, and Matthew Lee -- strongPart V. Alcohol Use Disorders and Marital Relationships -- Chapter 18: Developmental Transitions and Emergent Causative Influences: Intimacy, Influence, and Alcohol Problems over the Early Years of Marriage. -- Ash Levitt and Kenneth Leonard -- Chapter 19: Social Psychology of Alcohol Involvement, Marital Dissolution, and Marital Interaction Processes across Multiple Time Scales -- James A. Cranford and Catharine E. Fairbarn -- strongPart VI. Developmental Designs: Methodological and Statistical Innovations -- Chapter 20. Integrative Data Analysis from a Unifying Research Synthesis Perspective -- Eun-Young Mun, and Anne E. Ray -- Chapter 21. New Statistical Methods Inspired by Data Collected from Alcohol and Substance Abuse Research. -- Anne Buu and Runze Li -- Index
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309089352
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 761
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Book Description
Alcohol use by young people is extremely dangerous - both to themselves and society at large. Underage alcohol use is associated with traffic fatalities, violence, unsafe sex, suicide, educational failure, and other problem behaviors that diminish the prospects of future success, as well as health risks â€" and the earlier teens start drinking, the greater the danger. Despite these serious concerns, the media continues to make drinking look attractive to youth, and it remains possible and even easy for teenagers to get access to alcohol. Why is this dangerous behavior so pervasive? What can be done to prevent it? What will work and who is responsible for making sure it happens? Reducing Underage Drinking addresses these questions and proposes a new way to combat underage alcohol use. It explores the ways in which may different individuals and groups contribute to the problem and how they can be enlisted to prevent it. Reducing Underage Drinking will serve as both a game plan and a call to arms for anyone with an investment in youth health and safety.
Author: Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alcohol
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Author: Joseph R. Gusfield
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226310949
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
"Everyone knows 'drunk driving' is a 'serious' offense. And yet, everyone knows lots of 'drunk drivers' who don't get involved in accidents, don't get caught by the police, and manage to compensate adequately for their 'drunken disability.' Everyone also knows of 'drunk drivers' who have been arrested and gotten off easy. Gusfield's book dissects the conventional wisdom about 'drinking-driving' and examines the paradox of a 'serious' offense that is usually treated lightly by the judiciary and rarely carries social stigma."—Mac Marshall, Social Science and Medicine "A sophisticated and thoughtful critic. . . . Gusfield argues that the 'myth of the killer drunk' is a creation of the 'public culture of law.' . . . Through its dramatic development and condemnation of the anti-social character of the drinking-driver, the public law strengthens the illusion of moral consensus in American society and celebrates the virtues of a sober and orderly world."—James D. Orcutt, Sociology and Social Research "Joseph Gusfield denies neither the role of alcohol in highway accidents nor the need to do something about it. His point is that the research we conduct on drinking-driving and the laws we make to inhibit it tells us more about our moral order than about the effects of drinking-driving itself. Many will object to this conclusion, but none can ignore it. Indeed, the book will put many scientific and legal experts on the defensive as they face Gusfield's massive erudition, pointed analysis and criticism, and powerful argumentation. In The Culture of Public Problems, Gusfield presents the experts, and us, with a masterpiece of sociological reasoning."—Barry Schwartz, American Journal of Sociology This book is truly an outstanding achievement. . . . It is sociology of science, sociology of law, sociology of deviance, and sociology of knowledge. Sociologists generally should find the book of great theoretical interest, and it should stimulate personal reflection on their assumptions about science and the kind of consciousness it creates. They will also find that the book is a delight to read."—William B. Bankston, Social Forces
Author: Elsie Shore
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 131784470X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
Preventing Drunk Driving shows what is being done today, in research and practice, to reduce impaired driving and the fatalities and injuries it produces and to curtail the spread of this tragic social epidemic. In this informative book, you’ll discover how current research and prevention programs are increasing the success of designated driver programs. You’ll also find out how communities, friends, and experts are making drinkers aware of their levels of intoxication and discouraging them from driving to keep the roads safer. You’ll see when intervention works, when it doesn’t, and how you can be most effective as a citizen in the fight against impaired driving deaths along your own stretch of the world’s highways and city streets. In Preventing Drunk Driving, you’ll get up-to-date data on how researchers are identifying the most dangerous drunk driving recidivists. Also, you’ll see how increased study and research have led to theoretical models of intervention, assessments of the usefulness of vehicle interlock programs, and the use of mapping to target offenders most at risk. Most importantly, you’ll learn: the results of experiments designed to test methods of increasing designated driving how census-tract mapping can target communities prone to DWI offenses the benefits and limitations of vehicle-interlock devices for the prevention of recidivism how interveners may improve their chances of stopping an impaired person from getting behind the wheel ways that blood alcohol concentration (BAC) feedback stations can reduce DUI incidents“Give me the keys.” “Friends don’t let friends drive drunk.” These are all sayings we’ve heard--but what are the scientific facts about impaired driving and its prevention in our local communities and neighborhoods? Preventing Drunk Driving analyzes the societal ill of driving under the influence of alcohol and its related death toll from a wide variety of angles.
Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1568063466
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 85
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Book Description
Discusses the Surgeon General's Workshop on Drunk Driving; research on and prevention of drinking and driving as well as alcohol-drug interactions; use of deterrent laws, treatment versus deterrence, and impersonal prevention. Charts, graphs, black and white photos.
Author: Bruce Carruth
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317840011
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
This unique volume discusses research, policy, and treatment approaches to one of America’s most serious problems--the drunk driver. The authors--many of the countries most dedicated professionals from academic, research, correctional, public health, and judicial system backgrounds--present an extraordinary array of creative and thought-provoking approaches to the drunk driver. Their thorough descriptions will help you better understand the drunk driver, and their exploration of new sentencing and treatment strategies provides a comprehensive look at the options to confronting and solving the problem of alcohol and traffic safety in the United States. Chapters challenge many long-held assumptions about those who drink and drive; address policy issues; examine the need for culturally specific education and training programs for police, court officials, and human service providers; and offer helpful suggestions for designing programs for women and adolescent offenders.