Author: D. Loper
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400935870
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 475
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Book Description
This volume contains papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Structure and Dynamics of Partially Solidified Systems held at Stanford Sierra Lodge, Tahoe, California, May 12-16, 1986. This work shop grew out of a realization that there was a significant amount of interest and activity in this topic in several unrelated disciplines, and that it would be mutually beneficial to bring together those mathemati' cians, scientists and engineers interested in this subject to share their knowledge and ideas with each other. Partially solidified systems occur in a variety of natural and man made environments. Perhaps the most well-known occurrence involves the solidification of metallic alloys. Typically as a molten alloy is cooled, the solid phase advances from the cold boundary into the liquid as a branching forest of dendritic crystals. This creates a region of mixed solid and liquid phases, commonly referred to as a mushy zone, in which the solid forms a rigidly connected framework with the liquid occurring in the intercrystalline gaps. In addition to the casting of metallic alloys, mushy zones can occur in weld pools, the Earth's core and. mantle, magma chambers, temperate glaciers, frozen soils, frozen lakes and sea ice. A second mechanical configuration for the solid phase is as a suspension of small crystals within the liquid; this is referred to as a slurry.
Author: S.H. Davis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 940112809X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
The phase transformation from liquid to solid is a phenomenon central to a wide range of manufacturing and natural processes. The presence of phase transformation can drive convection in the melt through the liberation of latent heat, the rejection of solute, and the change of density upon freezing. The fluid mechanics itself can playa central role; the phase transformation can be strongly altered by convective transport in the liquid through the modification of the thermal and solutal environment of the solid-liquid interface; these local fields control the freezing characteristics at the interface. The convection can be generated naturally by buoyancy forces arising from gradients of temperature and concentration in the liquid, by density changes upon freezing, and by thermocapillary and solutocapillary forces on liquid-solid interfaces. The interactive coupling between solidification and convection forms the subject of this volume. Such coupled processes are significant on a large range of scales. Among the applications of interest are the manufacture of single crystals, the processing of surfaces using laser or molecular beams, and the processes of soldering and welding. One wants to understand and predict macrosegregation in castings, transport and fractionation in geological and geophysical systems, and heat accumulation in energy redistribution and storage systems. This volume contains papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Interactive Dynamics of Convection and Solidification" held in Chamonix, France, March 8-13, 1992.
Author: Stephen H. Davis
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9781139429634
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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Book Description
The processes of freezing and melting were present at the beginnings of the Earth and continue to dominate the natural and industrial worlds. The solidification of a liquid or the melting of a solid involves a complex interplay of many physical effects. This 2001 book presents in a systematic way the field of continuum solidification theory based on instability phenomena. An understanding of the physics is developed by using examples of increasing complexity with the object of creating a deep physical insight applicable to more complex problems. Applied mathematicians, engineers, physicists, and materials scientists will all find this volume of interest.
Author: N. Bagdassarov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401140162
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 371
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Book Description
Partial melting occurs in a variety of geological environments, from granitic partial melts in the continental crust, to basaltic or carbonate partial melts in the upper mantle. Partial melting is the first stage of magmatism and therefore plays a role of primary importance in the chemical differentiation of the Earth and in the transport of heat to the Earth surface. This special volume contains contributions presented at the symposium `Physics and Chemistry of Partially Molten Systems' of the EUG 9 meeting, held in Strasbourg, France, on March 23-27, 1997. It is intended to provide a current understanding of the physics of partial melting and melt segregation and covers topics such as the rheology of partially molten systems, the topology of partial melts, modelling of partial melting processes, and field observations of partial melts. Audience: This book is intended for a broad readership, including graduate students, specializing in petrology and geodynamics. The volume may be recommended as a textbook for graduate courses on petrology, geomaterial sciences and geophysics.
Author: U. Wacker
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400907036
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 407
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Book Description
The Fourth ECMI Conference on Industrial Mathematics took place at Strobl in Aus tria, May 29-June 2, 1989. The conference was devoted to the exchange of ideas, models and methods from various fields of industrial applications of mathematics. About 140 people from 21 countries attended the meeting. The aim was to bring together peo ple from industry and from university. In this respect the organizers were only partly successful!. The participance of about 20 people from industry shows that there is still much work to be done to increase the acceptance from this side. 72 speakers presented their results as invited or contributed lectures, or in the frame of 2 minisymposia. One minisymposium was organized by Heinz W. Engl and focused on steel processing, the other one, organized by Hansjorg Wacker, dealt with chemical engineering. These proceedings consist of 56 papers. The articles within each of the sections: Invited Lectures, Minisymposium Steel Processing, Minisymposium Chemical Engi neering, and Contributed Lectures are in alphabetical order of the first author. Exept for the contributions to the minisymposia, which clearly concentrate on the corre sponding topics, it is hard to find a reasonable classification of the papers . This, we believe, is typical for industrial mathematics and underlines the vast variety of fields where mathematics could be used to support problem solving. We would like to acknowlegde the valuable work of the referees of the articles who certainly helped to improve the quality of this volume.
Author: Andrew M. Soward
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780415272223
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 462
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Book Description
Paul Roberts' research contributions are remarkable in their diversity, depth and international appeal. Papers from the Paul Roberts' Anniversary meeting at the University of Exeter are presented in this volume. Topics include geomagnetism and dynamos, fluid mechanics and MHD, superfluidity, mixed phase regions, mean field electrodynamics and the Earth's inner core. An incisive commentary of the papers puts the work of Paul Roberts into historical context. Magnetohydrodynamics and the Earth's Core provides a valuable source of reference for graduates and researchers working in this area of geoscience.
Author: J M Chadam
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780582087675
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
This is the second of three volumes containing the proceedings of the International Colloquium 'Free Boundary Problems: Theory and Applications', held in Montreal from June 13 to June 22, 1990. The main theme of this volume is the concept of free boundary problems associated with solids. The first free boundary problem, the freezing of water - the Stefan problem - is the prototype of solidification problems which form the main part of this volume. The two sections treting this subject cover a large variety of topics and procedures, ranging from a theoretical mathematical treatment of solvability to numerical procedures for practical problems. Some new and interesting problems in solid mechanics are discussed in the first section while in the last section the important new subject of solid-solid-phase transition is examined.
Author: P. Giese
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401135908
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 259
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Book Description
Based on the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Improvement of Joint Interpretation of Geophysical and Geological Data with Particular Reference to the Lithosphere Structure and Evolution of the Adriatic Microplate and Adjacent Regions, Gradisca d'Isonzo, Italy, Oct. 1-9, 1987 and Feb. 22-23, 1988
Author: Margaret Leinen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400909950
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 904
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Book Description
The NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Paleoclimatology and Paleometeorology: Modem and Past Patterns of Global Atmospheric Transport" (held at Oracle, Arizona, USA from November 17-19, 1987) brought together atmospheric chemists, physicists, and meteorologists who study the origin and transport of modem-day mineral and biological aerosols with geologists and paleobotanists who study the sedimentary record of eolian and hydrologic processes along with modelers who study and conceptualize the processes influencing atmospheric transport at present and in the past. Presentations at the workshop provided a guide to our present knowledge of the entire spectrum of processes and phenomena important to the generation, transport, and deposition of eolian terrigenous material that ultimately becomes part of the geologic record and the modeling techniques that used to represent these processes. The presenta tions on the geologic record of eolian deposition documented our present understanding of the na~e and causes of climate change on time scales of the last glacial ages (tens of thousands of years) to time scales over which the arrangement of continents, mountains, and oceans has changed sub stantially (tens of millions of years). There has been a growing recognition of the importance of global climatic changes to the future well-being of humanity. In particular, the climatic response to human alterations to the earth's surface and chemical composition has led to concern over the agricultural, ecological, and societal impacts of such potential global changes.
Author: Andrew Fowler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 085729721X
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 895
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Book Description
Mathematical Geoscience is an expository textbook which aims to provide a comprehensive overview of a number of different subjects within the Earth and environmental sciences. Uniquely, it treats its subjects from the perspective of mathematical modelling with a level of sophistication that is appropriate to their proper investigation. The material ranges from the introductory level, where it can be used in undergraduate or graduate courses, to research questions of current interest. The chapters end with notes and references, which provide an entry point into the literature, as well as allowing discursive pointers to further research avenues. The introductory chapter provides a condensed synopsis of applied mathematical techniques of analysis, as used in modern applied mathematical modelling. There follows a succession of chapters on climate, ocean and atmosphere dynamics, rivers, dunes, landscape formation, groundwater flow, mantle convection, magma transport, glaciers and ice sheets, and sub-glacial floods. This book introduces a whole range of important geoscientific topics in one single volume and serves as an entry point for a rapidly expanding area of genuine interdisciplinary research. By addressing the interplay between mathematics and the real world, this book will appeal to graduate students, lecturers and researchers in the fields of applied mathematics, the environmental sciences and engineering.
