Author: S. Ghose
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461238625
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
This volume in Advances in Physical Geochemistry presents the latest synthesis of theory and experimental data pertaining to structural and magnetic phase transitions in a variety of geochemically important minerals. The book is the first to cover the impact of this rapidly progressing area of solid state physics in earth sciences and reflects its growing significance for mineralogy and petrology.
Author: S. Ghose
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781461238638
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Author: Daivd P Belanger
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 981125950X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
Magnetic crystals are ideal systems to study the universal properties of phase transitions, particularly systems with quenched randomness and frustration. Pure systems with different symmetries provide the foundation for studies in corresponding systems with quenched randomness. Because phenomena near phase transitions have universal properties, results from bulk magnetic crystals provide a basis for understanding phase transitions in films and nanoparticles, as well as many non-magnetic materials.This motivates the subject of this book, which discusses phase transitions studies in magnetic crystals from the perspective of an experimentalist who has done extensive work in the field. The advantage is that many experimental techniques are described in sufficient detail for a good understanding of the results and their comparison to theory.
Author: Brian L. Phillips
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
This work comprises studies of structural phase transitions (SPT's) in three different phases (anorthite CaAl$sb2$Si$sb2$O$sb8$, Sr$sb2$SiO$sb4$, and AlPO$sb4$-cristobalite) via high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy using mostly magic-angle spinning (MAS) techniques. The results provide important insight into each of these SPT's and illustrate the types of information that can be obtained about SPT's using MAS NMR spectroscopy. Insight regarding structural changes for all three phases was obtained from the temperature dependence of the chemical shift. In Chapter 1 the temperature variation of the modulation wave in the incommensurate phase of Sr$sb2$SiO$sb4$ is determined from $sp{29}$Si MAS NMR spectra. In Chapter 2 changes in the $sp{29}$Si chemical shifts of anorthite show that its alumino-silicate framework transforms displacively at the P1-I1 transition. In Chapter 3 comparison of the $sp{31}$P and $sp{27}$Al chemical shifts of the $alpha$ and $beta$ phases of AlPO$sb4$-cristobalite indicates that the $beta$ phase is dynamically disordered. For anorthite and Sr$sb2$SiO$sb4$ the chemical shifts also provide a measure of the temperature evolution of the order parameter within the context of Landau theory. The ability of these methods to provide dynamical information from chemical shifts is demonstrated for $beta$-AlPO$sb4$-cristobalite for which time-averaging of chemical shifts produces values different than expected from the crystal structure, and for Sr$sb2$SiO$sb4$, for which the results show that the modulation wave is pinned up to 200$spcirc$C. For anorthite and AlPO$sb4$-cristobalite the chemical shift results are supplemented by spin-lattice relaxation measurements ($sp{29}$Si in anorthite, $sp{31}$P and $sp{27}$Al in AlPO$sb4$-cristobalite). For AlPO$sb4$-cristobalite, a discontinuous increase of both the $sp{31}$P and $sp{27}$Al relaxation rates at the $alpha-beta$ transition and a logarithmic divergence of the $sp{27}$Al relaxation rates in the $beta$ phase support a dynamical order-disorder model for this transition. On the other hand, the lack of such an increase in the $sp{29}$Si relaxation rates in anorthite across the P1-I1 transition support the conclusion that this transition is displacive.
Author: Simon A. Redfern
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 1501509152
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
Volume 39 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry about Transformation Processes in Minerals summarises the current state of the art. The selection of transformation processes covered here is by no means comprehensive, but represents a coherent view of some of the most important processes which occur specifically in minerals. Contents: Rigid unit modes in framework structures Strain and elasticity at structural phase transitions in minerals Mesoscopic twin patterns in ferroelastic and co-elastic minerals High-pressure structural phase transitions Order-disorder phase transitions Phase transformations induced by solid solution Magnetic transitions in minerals NMR spectroscopy of phase transitions in minerals Insights into phase transformations from Mössbauer spectroscopy Hard mode spectroscopy of phase transitions Synchrotron studies of phase transformations Radiation-induced amorphization
Author: Iram Munawar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mineralogy
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: A. S. Marfunin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642785239
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 570
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Book Description
All existing introductory reviews of mineralogy are written accord ing to the same algorithm, sometimes called the "Dana System of Mineralogy". Even modern advanced handbooks, which are cer tainly necessary, include basic data on minerals and are essentially descriptive. When basic information on the chemistry, structure, optical and physical properties, distinguished features and para genesis of 200-400 minerals is presented, then there is practically no further space available to include new ideas and concepts based on recent mineral studies. A possible solution to this dilemma would be to present a book beginning where introductory textbooks end for those already famil iar with the elementary concepts. Such a volume would be tailored to specialists in all fields of science and industry, interested in the most recent results in mineralogy. This approach may be called Advanced Mineralogy. Here, an attempt has been made to survey the current possibilities and aims in mineral matter investigations, including the main characteristics of all the methods, the most important problems and topics of mineral ogy, and related studies. The individual volumes are composed of short, condensed chap ters. Each chapter presents in a complete, albeit condensed, form specific problems, methods, theories, and directions of investigations, and estimates their importance and strategic position in science and industry.
Author: G.D. Price
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0585275785
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 381
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Book Description
30% discount for members of The Mineralogical Society of Britain and Ireland This volume addresses the fundamental factors that underlie our understanding of mineral behaviour and crystal chemistry - a timely topic given current advances in research into the complex behaviour of solids and supercomputing.
Author: Liyuan Liang
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387094164
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 641
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Book Description
Neutron Applications in Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences offers a comprehensive overview of the wide ranging applications of neutron scattering techniques to elucidate the fundamental materials properties at the nano-, micro- and meso-scale, which underpin research in the related fields of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences. Introductions to neutron scattering fundamentals and instrumentation are paired with a thorough review of the applications to a large variety of scientific and technological problems, written through the direct experience of leading scientists in each field. Tailored to a wide audience, this volume provides the novice with an inspiring introduction and stimulates the expert to consider these non-conventional problem solving techniques in his/her field of interest. Earth and environmental scientists, engineers, researchers and graduate students involved with materials science will find Neutron Applications in Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences a valuable ready-to-use reference.
Author: Kate Wright
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792359814
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 670
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Book Description
One of the major developments in Earth Sciences in general, and mineralogy in particular, has been the growth of our understanding of the microscopic behaviour of the complex materials that make up the Earth. This has been made possible by advances in our ability to probe minerals at the atomic level, over a large range of pressure and temperature conditions. New experimental techniques include the use of scanning probe microscopies to investigate mineral surfaces, as well as the use of neutron scattering, nuclear spectroscopies and synchrotron radiation to investigate the bonding and structure of minerals. In addition, there have been major developments in computational methods so that it is now possible to calculate the electronic structure of many rock forming materials. The aim of this volume is to give a coherent survey of the latest developments in experimental and theoretical approaches to the study of microscopic propertie~ and processes in minerals. Chapters in the book cover a number of key themes in the mineral sciences such as the behaviour of minerals at extremes of pressure and temperature, ordering in complex silicates, mechanisms of water incorporation in mantle phases, the importance of reactions occurring at the mineral surface, and the ability of computational methods to provide useful, qualitative information on the bulk and surface properties of minerals. The background to several experimental techniques is covered in some detail with examples of relevance to the issues cited above.
