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Author: Arthur J. Kantor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmosphere, Upper
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
Strong wind and vertical wind shear must be considered for design and operation of vehicles that will either operate in or penetrate the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. Global extremes of these atmosphere parameters are estimated in this report for altitudes above 30 km. For the Northern Hemisphere estimated 90, 95, and 99% winds, related to the windiest months and locations, are provided for altitudes between 30 and 80 km. Speed increases up to about 55 km and appears to decrease thereafter up to at least 75 or 80 km in November, December, and January. The 99% winds can be expected to approach 215 mps near 55 km at certain locations between latitudes 35 and 60N. For the Southern Hemisphere 90, 95, and 99% winds are provided for altitudes between 30 and 60 km. The 99% winds reach roughly 200 mps near 55 km. Since estimates for the Southern Hemisphere are not necessarily representative of either the windiest month or location, results are uncertain and speeds probably will be somewhat larger than indicated. For the same percentiles, 1-km thick vertical wind shears have been estimated for altitudes between 30 and 70 km. Shears generally increase, and maximum values tend to move equatorward with altitude. (Author).
Author: Arthur J. Kantor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmosphere, Upper
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
Strong wind and vertical wind shear must be considered for design and operation of vehicles that will either operate in or penetrate the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. Global extremes of these atmosphere parameters are estimated in this report for altitudes above 30 km. For the Northern Hemisphere estimated 90, 95, and 99% winds, related to the windiest months and locations, are provided for altitudes between 30 and 80 km. Speed increases up to about 55 km and appears to decrease thereafter up to at least 75 or 80 km in November, December, and January. The 99% winds can be expected to approach 215 mps near 55 km at certain locations between latitudes 35 and 60N. For the Southern Hemisphere 90, 95, and 99% winds are provided for altitudes between 30 and 60 km. The 99% winds reach roughly 200 mps near 55 km. Since estimates for the Southern Hemisphere are not necessarily representative of either the windiest month or location, results are uncertain and speeds probably will be somewhat larger than indicated. For the same percentiles, 1-km thick vertical wind shears have been estimated for altitudes between 30 and 70 km. Shears generally increase, and maximum values tend to move equatorward with altitude. (Author).
Author: Arthur J. Kantor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mesosphere
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Strong wind and vertical wind shear must be considered for design and operation of vehicles that will either operate in or penetrate the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. Global extremes of these atmosphere parameters are estimated in this report for altitudes above 30 km. For the Northern Hemisphere estimated 90, 95, and 99% winds, related to the windiest months and locations, are provided for altitudes between 30 and 80 km. Speed increases up to about 55 km and appears to decrease thereafter up to at least 75 or 80 km in November, December, and January. The 99% winds can be expected to approach 215 mps near 55 km at certain locations between latitudes 35 and 60N. For the Southern Hemisphere 90, 95, and 99% winds are provided for altitudes between 30 and 60 km. The 99% winds reach roughly 200 mps near 55 km. Since estimates for the Southern Hemisphere are not necessarily representative of either the windiest month or location, results are uncertain and speeds probably will be somewhat larger than indicated. For the same percentiles, 1-km thick vertical wind shears have been estimated for altitudes between 30 and 70 km. Shears generally increase, and maximum values tend to move equatorward with altitude. (Author)
Author: Arthur J. Kantor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmosphere, Upper
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Strong wind and vertical wind shear must be considered for design and operation of vehicles that will either operate in or penetrate the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. Global extremes of these atmosphere parameters are estimated in this report for altitudes above 30 km. For the Northern Hemisphere estimated 90, 95, and 99% winds, related to the windiest months and locations, are provided for altitudes between 30 and 80 km. Speed increases up to about 55 km and appears to decrease thereafter up to at least 75 or 80 km in November, December, and January. The 99% winds can be expected to approach 215 mps near 55 km at certain locations between latitudes 35 and 60N. For the Southern Hemisphere 90, 95, and 99% winds are provided for altitudes between 30 and 60 km. The 99% winds reach roughly 200 mps near 55 km. Since estimates for the Southern Hemisphere are not necessarily representative of either the windiest month or location, results are uncertain and speeds probably will be somewhat larger than indicated. For the same percentiles, 1-km thick vertical wind shears have been estimated for altitudes between 30 and 70 km. Shears generally increase, and maximum values tend to move equatorward with altitude. (Author).
Author: Julius Badner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Meteorology in aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Vertical wind shear
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
Author: Luke Lebel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The initiation of thunderstorms in environments characterized by strong wind shear presents a forecast challenge owing to the complexities of the interactions between growing cumulus clouds and wind shear. Thunderstorms that develop in such environments are often capable of producing high-impact hazards, highlighting the importance of convection initiation in sheared environments. Although recent research has greatly improved understanding of the structure and evolution of rising thermals in unsheared environments, there remains uncertainty in how wind shear influences the convection initiation process. Two large-eddy simulations (75-m horizontal grid spacing) were performed to study this problem. Convection initiation attempts are forced in the simulations through prescribed surface heat fluxes (the initial boundary layers are statistically horizontally homogeneous and quasi-steady-state, but contain turbulent eddies as a result of random initial temperature perturbations). The only difference between the two simulations is the presence or absence of wind shear above 2 km. Important differences in the entrainment patterns are present between sheared and unsheared growing cumulus clouds. As found in previous research, the toroidal circulation associated with rising thermals drives dynamic entrainment in the unsheared clouds. However, in sheared clouds, wake entrainment resulting from the tilting of environmental vorticity is the dominant dynamic entrainment pathway. This result has implications for both the structure of sheared growing cumulus clouds and for convection initiation in sheared environments.
Author: Arthur J. Kantor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Winds
Languages : en
Pages : 118
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmosphere, Upper
Languages : en
Pages : 74
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Book Description
Author: Norman Sissenwine
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Armed Forces
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
The Design Climatology Branch of the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories had the scientific responsibility for leading a DoD Task Group effort to revise MIL-STD-210A 'Climatic Extremes for Military Equipment'. This document represents the fruition of the goals of the task group. It relates the background studies supporting the values in MIL-STD-210B, so that MIL-STD-210B users need to consult only this single document for an elaboration on the MIL- STD-210B extremes. In addition, the report contains information on the origin, necessity for and the events leading to a revision of MIL-STD-210A. Discussions of the major changes in the Standard's philosophy and its contents are also provided.
Author: Roland Stull
Publisher: Sundog Publishing, LLC
ISBN: 9780888652836
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 942
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Book Description
A quantitative introduction to atmospheric science for students and professionals who want to understand and apply basic meteorological concepts but who are not ready for calculus.
