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Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428902260
Category : Children
Languages : en
Pages : 81
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428902260
Category : Children
Languages : en
Pages : 81
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Children
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Kenneth W. Chilton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Administrative agencies
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Author: John Stephenson
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437930379
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 83
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Book Description
Exposure to toxic chemicals or environmental pollutants may harm the health of the nation¿s 74 million children and contribute to increases in asthma and developmental impairments. In 1997, Executive Order 13045 mandated that agencies place a high priority on children¿s risks and required that policies, programs, activities, and standards address those risks. In response, the EPA created the Office of Children¿s Health Protection and convened the Children¿s Health Protection Advisory Comm. This report assesses the extent to which EPA has institutionalized consideration of children¿s health through: (1) strategies and priorities; (2) key offices and other child-focused resources; and (3) participation in interagency efforts. Charts and tables.
Author: Doug Farquhar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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Book Description
Recent research has found that children are particularly vulnerable to environmental hazards. Air and water pollution, environmental risks in the home, and toxics in food and drink affect children more than adults. This volume examines policies designed to protect children from environmental threats, identifies factors that influence their health, and investigates childhood diseases that are caused or affected by the environment. State and federal legislation also are reviewed.--Publisher's description.
Author: Philip J. Landrigan
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199336652
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 609
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Book Description
Over the past four decades, the prevalence of autism, asthma, ADHD, obesity, diabetes, and birth defects have grown substantially among children around the world. Not coincidentally, more than 80,000 new chemicals have been developed and released into the global environment during this same period. Today the World Health Organization attributes 36% of all childhood deaths to environmental causes. Children's environmental health is a new and expanding discipline that studies the profound impact of chemical and environmental hazards on child health. Amid mounting evidence that children are exquisitely sensitive to their environment-and that exposure during their developmental "windows of susceptibility" can trigger cellular changes that lead to disease and disability in infancy, childhood, and across the life span-there is a compelling need for continued scientific study of the relationship between children's health and environment. The Textbook of Children's Environmental Health codifies the knowledge base and offers an authoritative and comprehensive guide to this important new field. Edited by two internationally recognized pioneers in the area, this volume presents up-to-date information on the chemical, biological, physical, and societal hazards that confront children in today's world: pesticides, indoor and outdoor air pollution, lead, arsenic, phthalates, bisphenol A, brominated flame retardants, ionizing radiation, electromagnetic fields, and the built environment. It presents carefully documented data on rising rates of disease in children, offers a critical summary of new research linking pediatric disease with environmental exposures, and explores the cellular, molecular, and epigenetic mechanisms underlying diseases of environmental origin. With this volume's emphasis upon integrating theory and practice, readers will find practical approaches to channeling scientific findings into evidence-based strategies for preventing and identifying the environmental hazards that cause disease in children. It is a landmark work that will serve as the field's benchmark for years to come.
Author: United States Government Accountability Office
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781976273575
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Book Description
Exposure to toxic chemicals or environmental pollutants may harm the health of the nation's 74 million children and contribute to increases in asthma and developmental impairments. In 2007, 66 percent of children lived in counties exceeding allowable levels for at least one of the six principal air pollutants that cause or aggravate asthma, contributing to medical costs of $3.2 billion per year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 1997, Executive Order 13045 mandated that agencies place a high priority on children's risks and required that policies, programs, activities, and standards address those risks. In response, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created the Office of Children's Health Protection and convened the Children's Health Protection Advisory Committee. This report assesses the extent to which EPA has institutionalized consideration of children's health through (1) strategies and priorities, (2) key offices and other child-focused resources, and (3) participation in interagency efforts. GAO reviewed numerous documents and met with EPA and other officials for this report.
Author: John B. Stephenson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
This testimony discusses highlights of GAO's report about the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) efforts to institutionalize the protection of children's health. EPA's mission is to protect human health and the environment. As a result of mounting evidence about the special vulnerabilities of the developing fetus and child, the federal government and EPA took several bold steps to make children's environmental health a priority in the late 1990s. In 1996, EPA issued the National Agenda to Protect Children's Health from Environmental Threats (National Agenda) and expanded the agency's activities to specifically address risks for children, documenting EPA's plans to achieve seven goals, such as (1) ensuring that all standards set by EPA are protective of any heightened risks faced by children; (2) developing new, comprehensive policies to address cumulative and simultaneous exposures faced by children; and (3) expanding community right-to-know to allow families to make informed choices concerning environmental exposures to their children. EPA's Advisory Committee has raised concerns about whether the agency has continued to maintain its earlier focus on protecting children or capitalized on opportunities to tackle some significant and emerging environmental health challenges. For example, the Advisory Committee wrote to the Administrator in April 2007 to reflect on EPA's achievements in the 10 years since the Executive Order was signed. The committee cited successes, such as increased margins of safety for pesticides mandated under the Food Quality Protection Act and the creation of the National Children's Study. However, the Advisory Committee also expressed serious concerns about EPA's continued lack of focus on children's environmental health issues and the lack of progress in addressing the committee's many recommendations. In the intervening years, children's environmental health has become no less pressing. In fact, 66 percent of children lived in counties where air contained one or more of the six principal pollutants. Two of them--ozone and particulate matter--are known to cause or aggravate respiratory diseases such as asthma. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), asthma is the third most common cause of hospitalizations for children, resulting in $3.2 billion for treatment and 14 million days of school lost annually. In light of concerns about EPA's focus on children, Congress asked that GAO assess the agency's consideration of children's environmental health. This statement summarizes highlights from GAO's report being released today that addresses the extent to which EPA has institutionalized the protection of children's health from environmental risks through (1) agency priorities, strategies, and rulemakings, including implementation of Executive Order 13045; (2) the use of key offices and other child-focused resources, such as the Office of Children's Health and the Advisory Committee; and (3) involvement in federal interagency efforts to protect children from current and emerging environmental threats. To perform this work we, among other things, interviewed officials from multiple EPA program offices most directly involved with children's health issues; reviewed key EPA children's health-related policies, strategic and performance plans, and guidance documents; analyzed regulations subject to the regulatory requirements of the Executive Order; and identified the accomplishments of the Task Force. EPA has developed policies and guidance to consider children, but it has not maintained attention to children through agency priorities and strategies. Specifically, EPA has not institutionalized the agency's commitment to children's health through, for example, an update to its National Agenda and an emphasis on protecting children in its forthcoming strategic plan. First, EPA has not updated the National Agenda in more than 10 years. GAO's report also addresses concerns related to EPA's strategic plans. The forthcoming plan, originally scheduled for issuance in September 2009, has been delayed to allow additional time for review by the agency's new leadership. GAO found that children's health was not included as a target area in the draft strategic plan, and it is not yet clear to what extent children's health will be addressed in the final plan, which is subject to revision before the Administrator finalizes it in the coming months. GAO also found that, in recent years, EPA has not fully used the Office of Children's Health Protection and its Advisory Committee, among other child-focused resources. Although EPA now has a new Director of Children's Health, EPA's Office of Children's Health experienced multiple changes in leadership over the last several years, impairing its ability to fulfill its priorities and commitments. The Task Force contributed to eight areas related to children's health, including the establishment of the National Children's Study, the largest long-term study of environmental influences on children's health and development, which was initiated as part of the Children's Health Act of 2000. The President's Task Force on Children's Environmental Health and Safety Risks was authorized by the Executive Order in April 1997 for a period of 4 years to provide high-level leadership and interagency coordination on children's environmental health. According to EPA officials involved on the steering committee, the agency was not able to convene the Task Force thereafter, for reasons related to new priorities following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. With the Task Force's expiration, EPA and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) no longer have a high-level infrastructure or mandate to coordinate federal strategies for children's environmental health and safety. (Contains 9 footnotes.
Author: Donald T. Wigle
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190285656
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 416
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Book Description
This is the first textbook to focus on environmental threats to child health. It will interest professionals and graduate students in public health, pediatrics, environmental health, epidemiology, and toxicology. The first three chapters provide overviews of key children's environmental health issues as well as the role of environmental epidemiology and risk assessment in child health protection. Overarching themes are the susceptibility of the rapidly developing fetus and infant to environmental toxicants, the importance of modifying factors(e.g. poverty, genetic traits, nutrition), the role of health outcome and exposure monitoring, uncertainties surrounding environmental exposure limits, and the importance of timely intervention. Later chapters address the health effects of metals, PCBs, dioxins, pesticides, hormonally active agents, radiation, indoor and outdoor air pollution, and water contaminants. In analyzing potential environmental hazards, the author addresses both biologic and epidemiologic evidence, including the likelihood of causal relationships. Among the health outcomes he discusses are developmental, reproductive, and neurobehavioral effects, respiratory disease, cancer, and waterborne infectious diseases. These discussions cover environmental exposure sources/indicators, interventions, and standards, and conclude with a summary of calls for an improved science base to guide public health decisions and protect child health.
Author: Licari L.
Publisher: WHO Regional Office Europe
ISBN: 9289013745
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Book Description
In June 2004, the 52 countries in the WHO European region agreed to adopt the Childrens Environment and Health Action Plan for Europe, setting out a framework for national policy implementation in relation to environmental risk factors and their effects on childrens health. This publication contains guidance on the development of national action plans suited to each countrys circumstances, priorities and resources, whilst still addressing region-wide environmental risk factors.
