Strategies to Increase Efficiency of Rumen Microbial Protein Synthesis and Productivity of Cattle on a Tropical Grass Pasture PDF Download
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Author: Marthen Luther Mullik
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pastures
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
Author: Marthen Luther Mullik
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pastures
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
Author: Michael Dineen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 289
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Book Description
Pasture-based diets can comprise completely of human inedible ingredients, support a resilient business model for the producer, and an animal welfare friendly image. However, increasing environmental challenges will require pasture-based systems to adapt and innovate. To ascertain optimal nutritional strategies to increase the nutrient use efficiency, productivity, and sustainability of these systems, a robust understanding of the nutrient supply from pasture is required. Therefore, the objectives of this research were: 1) to characterize the nutritive value of pasture using new and updated feed chemistry methods, 2) provide a more robust understanding of nutrient supply and microbial dynamics in lactating dairy cows fed pasture-based diets, 3) incorporate new understanding of protozoal dynamics into the microbial sub-model of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) v7.0, and 4) investigate nutritional strategies to optimize productivity from pasture-based systems. Results from laboratory analysis demonstrated that the neutral detergent fiber fraction of immature pasture comprises of a large potentially digestible pool that degrades rapidly. In addition, a large proportion of pasture N was estimated to be soluble and highly degradable in the rumen. An in vivo study was performed to determine the effects of rolled barley supplementation on cows fed pasture-based diets, which incorporated the omasal sampling technique, rumen evacuation, microbial isolation, and amino acid (AA) analysis. Cows supplemented with rolled barley did not increase overall performance and reduced ruminal and total-tract neutral detergent fiber digestibility; however, this was not mediated through a reduction in reticulorumen pH. Rolled barley supplementation increased microbial AA flow, which was likely due to the greater amount of fermentable carbohydrate digested in the rumen and a greater efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. Extensive rumen degradation of pasture AA, for both diets, indicated that cows consuming pasture-based diets exhibit a large dependence on microbial AA to support metabolizable AA supply. Protozoa N flow was not affected by diet; however, protozoa supplied a much larger amount of microbial N and exhibited shorter generation time than previously assumed, indicating that protozoa have the capability to grow and leave the rumen at high rates. Reparameterization of the coefficients of the protozoal sub-model in the CNCPS v7.0 considerable improved the ability of the model to predict AA flow, when compared with a literature data set. However, discrepancies between the predicted and observed Met and Lys flows indicated that further refinement is required while all other AA are predicted with fairly high accuracy. Finally, when investigating nutritional strategies to optimize productivity from pasture-based diets, results demonstrated that increased metabolizable protein supply allowed higher milk yield to be achieved, as metabolizable protein was more limiting than metabolizable energy. However, the high soil moisture deficit experienced during the study altered the chemical composition of the pasture, reducing the ability to extrapolate the results to cows consuming typical pasture-based diets. Overall, this research provides an enhanced understanding of the nutrient supply from pasture-based diets and highlights opportunities to increase the productivity and efficiency of pasture-based systems. Future studies incorporating the quantitative techniques described in this research are required to provide further insight into the nutrient supply of pasture-fed cows.
Author: Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
RUMINANT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: RESOURCE UTILIZATION. RUMINANT FEEDING SYSTEMS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA. CONSTRAINTS TO IMPROVING REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF RUMINANT LIVESTOCK IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. COMPARATIVE ASPECTS OF RUMINANTS AND CAMELS GRAZING ON A THORNBUSH SAVANNAH PASTURE. ENDOCRINE MANIPULATION OF GROWTH IN ANIMALS: FUTURE PROSPECTS ESPECIALLY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. POTENTIAL OF BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS FOR INCREASING PROTEIN DEPOSITION IN RUMINANTS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. FOOD AND ANIMAL CHARACTERISTICS RELEVANT TO THE PREDICTION OF FORAGE CONSUMPTION AND NUTRIENT USE IN PRODUCTIVE RUMINANTS. EVALUATION OF FEED RESOURCES FOR RUMINANTS AND RUMINANTS FOR FEED RESOURCES. DIETARY MANIPULATIONS FOR IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY IN RUMINANT LIVESTOCK. MANIPULATION OF THE RUMEN TO INCREASE RUMINANT PRODUCTION. STRATEGIES FOR SUPPLYING MICRONUTRIENTS AND FEED ADDITIVES TO GRAZING RUMINANTS. COMPARATIVE RESPONSES OF INTAKE AND RUMEN FUNCTION IN SHEEP AND GOATS TO SUPPLEMENTATION OF BARLEY STRAW FORAGES WITH UREA AND SULPHUR. BIODEGRADATION OFLIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF ROUGHAGES AND THEIR RELEVANCE TO ANIMAL PRODOCTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.
Author: Miguel Ruiz Albarran
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Anil Kumar Puniya
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 8132224019
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Book Description
This book offers an in-depth description of different groups of microbes (i.e. bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses) that exist in the rumen microbial community, and offers an overview of rumen microbiology, the rumen microbial ecosystem of domesticated ruminants, and rumen microbial diversity. It provides the latest concepts on rumen microbiology for scholars, researchers and teachers of animal and veterinary sciences. With this goal in mind, throughout the text we focus on specific areas related to the biology and complex interactions of the microbes in rumen, integrating significant key issues in each respective area. We also discuss rumen manipulation with plant secondary metabolites, microbial feed additives, utilization of organic acids, selective inhibition of harmful rumen microbes, and ‘omics’ approaches to manipulating rumen microbial functions. A section on the exploration and exploitation of rumen microbes addresses topics including the current state of knowledge on rumen metagenomics, rumen: an underutilized niche for industrially important enzymes and ruminal fermentations to produce fuels. We next turn our attention to commercial applications of rumen microbial enzymes and to the molecular characterization of euryarcheal communities within an anaerobic digester. A section on intestinal disorders and rumen microbes covers acidosis in cattle, urea/ ammonia metabolism in the rumen and nitrate/ nitrite toxicity in ruminant diets. Last, the future prospects of rumen microbiology are examined, based on the latest developments in this area. In summary, the book offers a highly systematic collection of essential content on rumen microbiology.
Author: Zerihun Tadele
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789847982
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
The grass or Poaceae family includes all cereal crops and forage grasses. Hence, they play a significant role in the economy of both the developed and developing world. Similar to other crop types, grasses are continuously challenged by a variety of environmental constraints. These constraints include a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses, and an enabling environment, which mainly refers to policy-related issues that affect productivity. In this book, the importance of selected cereal crops and grasses as well as associated constraints are presented. In addition, techniques proven to improve the productivity of these groups of crops are discussed. The techniques include variety development, soil and crop management practices, and biological control of fungal pathogens using different types of bacterial strains.
Author: R. A. Leng
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Author: M. P. S. Bakshi; M. Wadhwa
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789384988746
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Teja Kaswari
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736910215
Category : Science
Languages : de
Pages : 156
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Book Description
Author: John Moran
Publisher: Landlinks Press
ISBN: 064309976X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Book Description
Tropical Dairy Farming is a manual designed for use by dairy production advisors working in tropical areas, especially in South-East Asia. It aims to increase the productivity of small holder dairy farmers in the humid tropics by improving the feeding management of their livestock. It shows how to provide dairy cows with cost-effective feeds that match small holder farming systems and discusses the major obstacles to improving feeding management in the humid tropics. The author shows the benefits and drawbacks of various feed components and the calculation of balanced diets based mainly on forages combined with some supplementary feeding. Diseases and problems associated with unbalanced diets are also covered, as well as important information on growing and conserving quality forages as silage. The book draws on examples from a variety of countries including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, China, East Timor and the Philippines.
