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Author: Vincent E. Hammond
Publisher: University Press of America
ISBN: 0761843868
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
State Service in Sixteenth Century Novgorod is about the first century of the legal development of the pomestie established by Ivan III after the conquest of Novgorod. The cadasters from the two provinces (Shelonskaia and Vodskaia) with the highest concentration of pomesties showed most remained in the original landlord's family. The acquisition of additional land from deceased family members and the exchanges for land near other relatives without the state's prior permission is evidence of its recognition of the family's interest in the land. Although the turnover was higher after the 1550s, most estates no longer in the original families' possession were abandoned or confiscated by Ivan IV's oprichniks. Since patrimonial votchinas were confiscated too, the higher turnover is evidence of the tsar's fear of treason rather than the pomestie's conditionality. The continuing possession of most Vodskaia tax units held in pomestie tenure in 1582 by the original landlords' families enfeoffed a century earlier supports this thesis. These findings negate the traditional distinction between the conditional pomestie and allodial votchina. The loyal pomeshchiks of sixteenth century Russia could expect to pass their lands to other family members as long as they served the state.
Author: Vincent E. Hammond
Publisher: University Press of America
ISBN: 0761843868
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
State Service in Sixteenth Century Novgorod is about the first century of the legal development of the pomestie established by Ivan III after the conquest of Novgorod. The cadasters from the two provinces (Shelonskaia and Vodskaia) with the highest concentration of pomesties showed most remained in the original landlord's family. The acquisition of additional land from deceased family members and the exchanges for land near other relatives without the state's prior permission is evidence of its recognition of the family's interest in the land. Although the turnover was higher after the 1550s, most estates no longer in the original families' possession were abandoned or confiscated by Ivan IV's oprichniks. Since patrimonial votchinas were confiscated too, the higher turnover is evidence of the tsar's fear of treason rather than the pomestie's conditionality. The continuing possession of most Vodskaia tax units held in pomestie tenure in 1582 by the original landlords' families enfeoffed a century earlier supports this thesis. These findings negate the traditional distinction between the conditional pomestie and allodial votchina. The loyal pomeshchiks of sixteenth century Russia could expect to pass their lands to other family members as long as they served the state.
Author: Nancy Shields Kollmann
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0191082708
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 501
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Book Description
Modern Russian identity and historical experience has been largely shaped by Russia's imperial past: an empire that was founded in the early modern era and endures in large part today. The Russian Empire 1450-1801 surveys how the areas that made up the empire were conquered and how they were governed. It considers the Russian empire a 'Eurasian empire', characterized by a 'politics of difference': the rulers and their elites at the center defined the state's needs minimally - with control over defense, criminal law, taxation, and mobilization of resources - and otherwise tolerated local religions, languages, cultures, elites, and institutions. The center related to communities and religions vertically, according each a modicum of rights and autonomies, but didn't allow horizontal connections across nobilities, townsmen, or other groups potentially with common interests to coalesce. Thus, the Russian empire was multi-ethnic and multi-religious; Nancy Kollmann gives detailed attention to the major ethnic and religious groups, and surveys the government's strategies of governance - centralized bureaucracy, military reform, and a changed judicial system. The volume pays particular attention to the dissemination of a supranational ideology of political legitimacy in a variety of media - written sources and primarily public ritual, painting, and particularly architecture. Beginning with foundational features, such as geography, climate, demography, and geopolitical situation, The Russian Empire 1450-1801 explores the empire's primarily agrarian economy, serfdom, towns and trade, as well as the many religious groups - primarily Orthodoxy, Islam, and Buddhism. It tracks the emergence of an 'Imperial nobility' and a national self-consciousness that was, by the end of the eighteenth century, distinctly imperial, embracing the diversity of the empire's many peoples and cultures.
Author: Christoph Witzenrath
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110696436
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
The monograph realigns political culture and countermeasures against slave raids, which increased during the breakup of the Golden Horde. By physical defense of the open steppe border and by embracing the New Israel symbolism in which the exodus from slavery in Egypt prefigures the exodus of Russian captives from Tatar captivity, Muscovites found a defensive model to expand empire. Recent scholarly debates on slaving are innovatively applied to Russian and imperial history, challenging entrenched perceptions of Muscovy.
Author: Donald Ostrowski
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1793634211
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 575
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Book Description
A fundamental problem in studying early modern Russian history is determining Russia’s historical development in relationship to the rest of the world. The focus throughout this book is on the continuity of Russian policies during the early modern period (1450–1800) and that those policies coincided with those of other successful contemporary Eurasian polities. The continuities occurred in the midst of constant change, but neither one nor the other, continuities or changes alone, can account for Russia’s success. Instead, Russian rulers from Ivan III to Catherine II with their hub advisors managed to sustain a balance between the two. During the early modern period, these Russian rulers invited into the country foreign experts to facilitate the transfer of technology and know-how, mostly from Europe but also from Asia. In this respect, they were willing to look abroad for solutions to domestic problems. Russia looked westward for military weaponry and techniques at the same time it was expanding eastward into the Eurasian heartland. The ruling elite and by extension the entire ruling class worked in cooperation with the ruler to implement policies. The Church played an active role in supporting the government and in seeking to eliminate opposition to the government.
Author: Charles J. Halperin
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN: 0822987228
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
Ivan the Terrible is infamous as a sadistic despot responsible for the deaths of thousands of innocent people, particularly during the years of the oprichnina, his state-within-a-state. Ivan was the first ruler in Russian history to use mass terror as a political instrument. However, Ivan’s actions cannot be dismissed by attributing the behavior to insanity. Ivan interacted with Muscovite society as both he and Muscovy changed. This interaction needs to be understood in order properly to analyze his motives, achievements, and failures. Ivan the Terrible: Free to Reward and Free to Punish provides an up-to-date comprehensive analysis of all aspects of Ivan’s reign. It presents a new interpretation not only of Ivan’s behavior and ideology, but also of Muscovite social and economic history. Charles Halperin shatters the myths surrounding Ivan and reveals a complex ruler who had much in common with his European contemporaries, including Henry the Eighth.
Author: Vladimir Shirogorov
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1793622418
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 519
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Book Description
In War on the Eve of Nations: Conflicts and Militaries in Eastern Europe, 1450–1500, Vladimir Shirogorov examines how Eastern European armed forces produced critical geopolitical changes in the region. Analyzing the interactions between changes in warfare and the nation-building process, Shirogorov focuses on developments regarding the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Muscovy, Sweden, the Kazan Khanate, and Ottoman Turkey.
Author: Ali Farazmand
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030662527
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 13623
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Book Description
This global encyclopedic work serves as a comprehensive collection of global scholarship regarding the vast fields of public administration, public policy, governance, and management. Written and edited by leading international scholars and practitioners, this exhaustive resource covers all areas of the above fields and their numerous subfields of study. In keeping with the multidisciplinary spirit of these fields and subfields, the entries make use of various theoretical, empirical, analytical, practical, and methodological bases of knowledge. Expanded and updated, the second edition includes over a thousand of new entries representing the most current research in public administration, public policy, governance, nonprofit and nongovernmental organizations, and management covering such important sub-areas as: 1. organization theory, behavior, change and development; 2. administrative theory and practice; 3. Bureaucracy; 4. public budgeting and financial management; 5. public economy and public management 6. public personnel administration and labor-management relations; 7. crisis and emergency management; 8. institutional theory and public administration; 9. law and regulations; 10. ethics and accountability; 11. public governance and private governance; 12. Nonprofit management and nongovernmental organizations; 13. Social, health, and environmental policy areas; 14. pandemic and crisis management; 15. administrative and governance reforms; 16. comparative public administration and governance; 17. globalization and international issues; 18. performance management; 19. geographical areas of the world with country-focused entries like Japan, China, Latin America, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Russia and Eastern Europe, North America; and 20. a lot more. Relevant to professionals, experts, scholars, general readers, researchers, policy makers and manger, and students worldwide, this work will serve as the most viable global reference source for those looking for an introduction and advance knowledge to the field.
Author: Lindsey A Hughes
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1349224286
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
Author: John Anthony Butler
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 1527520633
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 301
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Book Description
This volume details Sir Jerome Horsey’s account of his experiences in Russia and other countries. Horsey, who spent the better part of seventeen years in the country until leaving in 1591, was an employee of the Muscovy Company, but also operated as an unofficial ambassador for both the English and Russian governments. He was personally acquainted with such people as Ivan the Terrible, Tsar Fyodor I and Boris Godunov, and gives lively and interesting accounts of his interactions with them, as well as with many other prominent people, both Russian and English. Horsey has been accused of exaggeration, chicanery and self-advertisement, but his account is by far the most readable and enjoyable of the many books written by English people sojourning in Russia. It has been published only twice, both times in conjunction with Giles Fletcher’s contemporary and more “professional” account of the Russian state; this edition, with a full introduction and extensive notes, is the first to present Horsey’s book on its own. It is a travel-book, an adventure story and an autobiography of a controversial and significant figure.
Author: Andrzej Poppe
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000939065
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 394
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Book Description
The present collection of studies by Andrzej Poppe in many ways represents a continuation of the research brought together a quarter century ago in the author's previous Variorum volume. The focal themes are the political circumstances of the 'baptism of Russia' and the processes by which Rus' became a Christian country, an era marked by the emergence of indigenous saints in royal and monastic garb. Relations with the Byzantine world, both political and ecclesiastical, are often to the fore, but as Poppe shows, those with the West, from the Carolingians onwards, were important too. Many of the articles are provided with additional notes, and the volume includes three pieces previously unpublished in English, including an introductory survey of the Rurikid dynasty, and a major new study of the process by which Vladimir the Great became a saint.
