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Author: R. William Weisberger
Publisher: McFarland
ISBN: 1476629692
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
Freemasonry began with stonemasons in the Middle Ages experiencing the decline of cathedral building. Some guilds invited honorary memberships to boost their numbers. These usually highly educated new members practiced symbolic or "speculative Freemasonry." The new Masonic lodges and learned societies offered their growing numbers of Protestant, Catholic and Jewish members an understanding of deism, Newtonian science and representative government, and of literature and the fine arts. This work describes how Masons on both sides of the Atlantic were mostly either enlighteners, political reformers or moderate revolutionaries. They offered minimal support to radical revolutionary ideas and leaders.
Author: R. William Weisberger
Publisher: McFarland
ISBN: 1476629692
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 240
Get Book Here
Book Description
Freemasonry began with stonemasons in the Middle Ages experiencing the decline of cathedral building. Some guilds invited honorary memberships to boost their numbers. These usually highly educated new members practiced symbolic or "speculative Freemasonry." The new Masonic lodges and learned societies offered their growing numbers of Protestant, Catholic and Jewish members an understanding of deism, Newtonian science and representative government, and of literature and the fine arts. This work describes how Masons on both sides of the Atlantic were mostly either enlighteners, political reformers or moderate revolutionaries. They offered minimal support to radical revolutionary ideas and leaders.
Author: Richard William Weisberger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
Author: James Stevens Curl
Publisher: Anchor Books
ISBN: 9781905286454
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
Author: Horst Albert Glaser
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9789027234476
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 784
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Book Description
This volume is the twelfth to date in a series of works in French or English presenting the epochs and movements of a Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages (Histoire Comparée des Littératures de Langues Européennes). The original intention of the editors was to publish a four-volume history of European literature from 1760-1820, and the first of these volumes, Des Lumières au Romantisme. Genres en Vers, appeared as long ago as 1982. The volumes Genres en Prose and Théâtre are still awaited. In their absence the present volume, Epoche im _berblick, attempts a more comprehensive and rigorous treatment of the period and its historiographical problems than was initially planned, providing the reader with an overview of sixty eventful years of European literary history years in which German Classicism coincided with the birth, initially in Germany and England, of Romanticism. And at the centre of this turbulent period of European intellectual and literary history stands the French Revolution.
Author: Bernard E. Jones
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 0359701299
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
Author: Lilith Mahmud
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022609605X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
This “stupendous ethnography of female Freemasonry in Italy” reveals the fascinating paradox of elitism and exclusion experienced by “female brothers” (Michael Herzfeld, author of Evicted from Eternity). From its cryptic images on the dollar bill to Dan Brown’s The Lost Symbol, the Freemasons have long been one of the most romanticized secret societies in the world. But a simple fact escapes most depictions of this elite brotherhood: there are also female members. In this groundbreaking ethnography, Lilith Mahmud takes readers inside Masonic lodges of contemporary Italy, where she observes the ritualistic and fraternal bonds forged among Freemason women. Offering a tantalizing look behind lodge doors, The Brotherhood of Freemason Sisters unveils a complex culture of discretion in which Freemasons reveal some truths and hide others. Female initiates—one of Freemasonry’s best-kept secrets—are often upper class and highly educated, yet avowedly antifeminist. Their self-cultivation through the Masonic path is an effort to embrace the deeply gendered ideals of fraternity. In this lively investigation, Mahmud unravels the contradictions at the heart of Freemasonry: an organization responsible for many of the egalitarian concepts of the Enlightenment and yet one that has always been, and in Italy still remains, extremely exclusive. The result is not only a thrilling look at a surprisingly influential world, but a reevaluation of the modern values we now take for granted
Author: Christopher Earnshaw
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781086885415
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
In 1716 four Lodges of Operative Masons met at the Apple Tree Tavern in London and decided to create a "Grand Lodge" to reorganize Freemasonry, which was slowly dying out. After the establishment of the Premier Grand Lodge the next year, 1717, one of the Lodges, the Rummer and Grapes, took a decidedly new direction that resulted in the creation of what would later become known as Speculative Freemasonry, the basis of modern Freemasonry. However, as there is very little documentation from this period, many questions are left unanswered: *Why three educated and busy men decided to rewrite the ritual of a stonemasons' guild, when they were neither stonemasons nor manual workers. *Why the first three Grand Masters gave eight years of their lives to this cause. Not only that, but why they thought it necessary to add a third degree to the ritual. *Why the literati and aristocracy of Europe were motivated to join these three men, an antiquarian, a Huguenot priest and a possible alchemist, in a room above a tavern to study the new degrees. *Why there is a "key to the rituals" that Desaguliers referred to in the Constitutions of 1723. *Why the first three Grand Masters were interested in "making good men better," when they were also not philanthropists. *Why the first three Grand Masters used steganography to hide secrets in the rituals, making them a puzzle for Freemasons to discover. *Lastly, and probably most importantly, why the English nobility (and later royalty) believed so strongly in what these three men had conceived that they lent their names to the enterprise by becoming its figurehead, Grand Masters. This book answers these questions, and more!
Author: Sara Ann Frahm
Publisher: Palibrio
ISBN: 1463340044
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
The present book is an effort to understand the role of masonry in the introduction of freedom of worship in Mexico. With erudition, the author leads us through the stages ending with the victory of the liberal republic, headed by Benito Juárez, and the establishment thereby of freedom of worship, which made possible the insertion of American protestant missions in Mexico. Many Protestants brought not only their faith, but Freemasonry as well. - Dr. Adolfo García de la Sienra Guajardo Director del Instituto de Filosofía - Universidad Veracruzana, México Presidente de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Metodología Económica This is a scholarly study, well documented, analyzing one of the most controversial themes in the history of Mexico. In the work of Sara Frahm, Masonry ceases being mysterious, and is revealed as one of the strong components that shaped 19th century Mexico - María Eugenia Vázquez Semadeni, Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of History, UCLA.
Author:
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004273123
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 689
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Book Description
Freemasonry is the largest, oldest, and most influential secret society in the world. The Brill Handbook of Freemasonry is a pioneering work that brings together, for the first time, leading scholars on Freemasonry. The first section covers historical perspectives, such as the origins and early history of Freemasonry. The second deals with the relationship between Freemasonry and specific religious traditions such as the Catholic Church, Judaism, and Islam. In the third section, organisational themes, such as the use of rituals, are explored, while the fourth section deals with issues related to society and politics - women, blacks, colonialism, nationalism, and war. The fifth and final section is devoted to Freemasonry and culture, including music, literature, modern art, architecture and material culture.
Author: Fabio Venzi
Publisher: Book Guild Publishing
ISBN: 9781846240966
Category : Freemasonry
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
This is a collection of essays by the foremost Freemason in Italy examining the philosophical roots of the movement.
