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Author: Victor M. Litvinov
Publisher: iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN: 9781859572801
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 666
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Book Description
This book deals with the application of spectroscopic techniques for characterisation of chemical and physical structures in viscoelastic materials, such as unvulcanised elastomers and their vulcanisates, various rubbery materials and some plastics, which when blended with particular additives (plasticisers) behave like rubbers. Analysis of the rubbery materials is complicated by the fact that rubbery products, such as tyres, tubes, seals, V-belts and hoses, contain in the rubbery matrix a significant amount of various compounds, i.e., fillers, vulcanising agents, antioxidants and plasticisers. Due to the complex composition, no single technique can provide a good understanding of the effect of chemical and physical structures on the functional properties of rubbery materials. Thus spectroscopy has become a powerful tool for the determination of polymer structures. The most comprehensive information on chemical and physical structures in relation to material properties can be obtained by using a combination of macroscopic techniques and methods that provide information on the molecular level. frequently used for analysis of rubbery materials, i.e., various methods of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and optical spectroscopy. The main objective of this present book is to discuss a wide range of applications of the spectroscopic techniques for the analysis of rubbery materials. The book brings together the various spectroscopic techniques for obtaining the following information: chemical structure of rubbery materials, network structure analysis, heterogeneity of rubbery materials, physical properties of rubbery materials, functional properties and stability of rubbery materials, processing of rubbery materials and quality control. The contents of this book are of interest to chemists, physicists, material scientists and technologists who seek a better understanding of rubbery materials.
Author: Victor M. Litvinov
Publisher: iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN: 9781859572801
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 666
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book deals with the application of spectroscopic techniques for characterisation of chemical and physical structures in viscoelastic materials, such as unvulcanised elastomers and their vulcanisates, various rubbery materials and some plastics, which when blended with particular additives (plasticisers) behave like rubbers. Analysis of the rubbery materials is complicated by the fact that rubbery products, such as tyres, tubes, seals, V-belts and hoses, contain in the rubbery matrix a significant amount of various compounds, i.e., fillers, vulcanising agents, antioxidants and plasticisers. Due to the complex composition, no single technique can provide a good understanding of the effect of chemical and physical structures on the functional properties of rubbery materials. Thus spectroscopy has become a powerful tool for the determination of polymer structures. The most comprehensive information on chemical and physical structures in relation to material properties can be obtained by using a combination of macroscopic techniques and methods that provide information on the molecular level. frequently used for analysis of rubbery materials, i.e., various methods of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and optical spectroscopy. The main objective of this present book is to discuss a wide range of applications of the spectroscopic techniques for the analysis of rubbery materials. The book brings together the various spectroscopic techniques for obtaining the following information: chemical structure of rubbery materials, network structure analysis, heterogeneity of rubbery materials, physical properties of rubbery materials, functional properties and stability of rubbery materials, processing of rubbery materials and quality control. The contents of this book are of interest to chemists, physicists, material scientists and technologists who seek a better understanding of rubbery materials.
Author: Martin J. Forrest
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110640287
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
Rubber analysis plays a vital part in ensuring that manufactured products are fit for purpose. This comprehensive, application-based book with up-to-date referencing covers all important applications and subject area associated with the analysis of rubber compounds and rubber products. Includes characterization of rubber polymers, rubber fumes, identification of extractables and leachables, as well as reverse engineering on compounded products.
Author: Sabu Thomas
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1849736103
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 635
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Book Description
A comprehensive two volume set covering the synthesis, characterization and applications of natural rubber based blends, interpenetrating polymer networks, composites and nanocomposites.
Author: Siti Salina Sarkawi
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811988366
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
This book is a complete guide to epoxidized natural rubber covering from the epoxidation chemistry, production process, raw rubber and compound properties, mixing recommendations as its applications in tire, engineering, general and industrial rubber goods, latex based products such as adhesive, foam and paint as well as sustainability or life cycle analysis of ENR rubber. Hence, it is useful for readers either from the industry which looking for specific product application and properties, or scientists and academicians working on their research using the ENR in their study for reference and guidance.
Author: Yvonne Davies
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110645750
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 444
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Book Description
This handbook collects over 800 infrared spectra of rubbers, plastics and thermoplastics elastometers. It contains five different libraries: rubbers in transmission spectroscopy, rubbers in pyrolysate spectroscopy, plastics in transmission spectroscopy, plastics in pyrolysate spectroscopy, and rubbers and plastics in single-bounce ATR spectroscopy. This is an invaluable reference for the rubbers and plastics industry.
Author: Nicholas Cheremisinoff
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000938484
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 766
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Book Description
This handbook focuses on physical, structural, and compositional properties of elastomeric materials and plastics. It provides a broad overview of the physical and physicochemical properties of synthetic rubbers that are used in conventional cured applications.
Author: Federico Casanova
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642163076
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
This book describes the design of the first functioning single-sided tomograph, the related measurement methods, and a number of applications in medicine, materials science, and chemical engineering. It will be the first comprehensive account of this new device and its applications. Among the key advances of this method is that images can be obtained in much shorter times than originally anticipated, and that even vector maps of flow fields can be measured although the magnetic fields are highly inhomogeneous. Furthermore, the equipment is small, mobile and affordable to small and medium enterprises and can be located in doctors’ offices.
Author: M.J. Loadman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401144354
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
The first edition of this book (1958) described an analytical situation which had existed for a number of years for maintaining quality control on vulcanizates of natural rubber although the situation had recently been disturbed by the introduction of a range of synthetic rubbers which required identification and quantitative estimation. For the former purpose 'wet' chemistry, based on various imperfectly understood organic reactions, was pressed into service. Alongside this was the first introduction of instrumental analysis, using the infrared spectra of either the polymers or, more usually, their pyrolytic products to 'fingerprint' the material. The identification of a range of organic accelerators, antioxidants and their derivatives which had been intro duced during the 1920s and 30s was, in the first edition, dealt with by a combination of column chromatography and infrared spectroscopy or by paper chromatography. Quantitative procedures were, however, still classical in the tradition of gravimetric or volumetric assays with an initially weighed sample yielding, after chemical manipulation, a carefully precipitated, dried and weighed end product, or a solution of known composition whose weight or titre, as a percentage of the initial sample, quantified the function being determined. The second edition of this work (1968) consolidated the newer techni ques which had been introduced in the first without adding to them although, in other applications of analytical chemistry, instrumental analysis had already brought about a transformation in laboratory practice.
Author: Wayne F. Reed
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118733975
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 493
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Book Description
Offers new strategies to optimize polymer reactions With contributions from leading macromolecular scientists and engineers, this book provides a practical guide to polymerization monitoring. It enables laboratory researchers to optimize polymer reactions by providing them with a better understanding of the underlying reaction kinetics and mechanisms. Moreover, it opens the door to improved industrial-scale reactions, including enhanced product quality and reduced harmful emissions. Monitoring Polymerization Reactions begins with a review of the basic elements of polymer reactions and their kinetics, including an overview of stimuli-responsive polymers. Next, it explains why certain polymer and reaction characteristics need to be monitored. The book then explores a variety of practical topics, including: Principles and applications of important polymer characterization tools, such as light scattering, gel permeation chromatography, calorimetry, rheology, and spectroscopy Automatic continuous online monitoring of polymerization (ACOMP) reactions, a flexible platform that enables characterization tools to be employed simultaneously during reactions in order to obtain a complete record of multiple reaction features Modeling of polymerization reactions and numerical approaches Applications that optimize the manufacture of industrially important polymers Throughout the book, the authors provide step-by-step strategies for implementation. In addition, ample use of case studies helps readers understand the benefits of various monitoring strategies and approaches, enabling them to choose the best one to match their needs. As new stimuli-responsive and "intelligent" polymers continue to be developed, the ability to monitor reactions will become increasingly important. With this book as their guide, polymer scientists and engineers can take full advantage of the latest monitoring strategies to optimize reactions in both the lab and the manufacturing plant.
Author: Martin Forrest
Publisher: iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN: 9781847350244
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
For the 3rd Edition of this popular, authoritative and respected book, the collection has been completely revised and enlarged, with the addition of around 200 new spectra bringing the total number in the library to around 800. A number of improvements in the layout and design of the collection have been made. Some of these, such as a simpler classification system, clearer headings for the spectra, and the insertion of material indexes at the end of each section have been designed to make the library quicker and easier to use. It is also the case that, whereas the previous two editions were comprised of only four separate sub-libraries, covering the transmission and pyrolysate spectra of both rubber and plastic materials, another major improvement for this edition has been the incorporation of an additional, comprehensive library produced using a single bounce attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory. This is a very useful development, as since the publication of the second edition of this library in 1997, this type of ATR technique has acquired a high degree of popularity due to its many attributes, including speed and ease of use, the need for only small amounts of sample, and its virtually non-destructive nature. All the spectra in the collection have been collected and stored at a resolution of 4 cm-1 and are plotted as percentage transmittance against wavenumber. For the transmission and pyrolyate spectra, the wavenumber range shown is 400 to 4000 cm-1, whereas for the single bounce, diamond window ATR spectra the range is 650 to 4000 cm-1. The layout of the spectra has been changed for this edition - within each of the five sub-libraries spectra are listed in alphabetical order according to material type, which is displayed in the main heading above each spectrum. A number of polymer blends are represented in these sub-libraries, and the proportions of the polymers in the blend is also shown in this main heading. There is also a secondary heading for each spectrum, where as much additional information as possible has been provided, e.g., the trade name of the material, its manufacturer, compositional information, (e.g., fillers present), and the method of preparing the sample, (e.g., film cast from chloroform) for the recording of the spectrum. As mentioned above, transmission, pyrolysate and ATR spectra are all present in the library. Two different approaches were used to produce the sample films that were used for the recording of the transmission spectra: hot pressing, and casting from a polymer solution. The pyrolysate spectra of the polymers were recorded from collected pyrolysis condensates. Where necessary, samples for pyrolysate work were cleaned up by an initial solvent extraction step. The spectra for the ATR part of the library were recorded using a single bounce, diamond window ATR accessory. This library represents one of the most comprehensive, independent collections of infrared spectra that are commercially available. Drawing on Rapra's international reputation as a centre of excellence and compiled by polymer analysts for polymer analysts it has proved, since the first edition appeared in 1992, to be of immense value to users from both academia and industry. The many improvements in this edition, particularly the inclusion of an ATR section and the enlargement of the range of polymer blends that are covered, will ensure that this library continues to be a must have acquisition for all those concerned with the analysis of polymers and polymer systems.
