Spatial and Temporal Variation in Size and Shape of Sediment Particles in the Tobacco Creek Watershed PDF Download
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Author: Cenwei Jr Liu
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Cenwei Jr Liu
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Elijah Portugal
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Category :
Languages : en
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Eco-geomorphic interactions occur across a range of spatial and temporal scales from the level of the entire watershed to an individual geomorphic unit within a stream channel. Predicting the mechanisms, rates and timing of sediment production and storage in the landscape are fundamental problems in the watershed sciences. This is of particular concern given that excess sedimentation is considered a major pollutant to aquatic ecosystems. Rates of sediment delivery to stream networks are characteristically unsteady and non-uniform. Because of this, conventional approaches for predicting sediment yield provide incomplete and often inaccurate information. Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (TCNs) provide an estimate of spatially averaged rates of sediment yield from 101 to 104 km2 and temporally integrated from 103 to 105 years. Here, I used TCNs to constrain unsteadiness and non-uniformity of sediment yield within specific catchments of the Columbia River Basin (CRB). This is in combination with GIS analysis optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), Carbon-14 (C14) dating of fluvial deposits, and rapid geomorphic assessments. Results showed an order of magnitude spatial variability in the rates of millennial-scale sediment yield at the scale of the entire CRB. At the broadest scale long-term rates of sediment yield generally are poorly predicted from topographic and environmental parameters. A notable exception is the observed positive correlation between mean annual precipitation and sediment yield. Where functional relationships exist, the nature of those relationships are scale and situation-dependent. In addition to the broadest scale, each smaller watershed (e.g., ~ 10 0́3 2,000 km2) has a distinct geologic, geomorphic, and disturbance history that sets the template for the modern sediment dynamics and the physical aspects of aquatic habitat. Chapter 2 presents results of broad-scale trends while Chapter 3 is comprised of case studies from smaller watersheds. Finally, Chapter 4 explores the relationship between long-term sediment yield and modern channel form.
Author: Mark J. Ballerini
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Category : Erosion
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Author:
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Category : Sedimentation analysis
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Author: Ole Eiler Barndorff-Nielsen
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Author: William J. Rose
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Category : Sediment control
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Category :
Languages : en
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Author: H. P. Schreier
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Category : Estuarine ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Category :
Languages : en
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Author: Thomas Michael Walton
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Category : Sediment transport
Languages : en
Pages : 65
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Spatial variations in suspended concentrations of fine sediment and indicator bacteria in streams is noted as a source of uncertainty in various applications of water quality datasets. Without proper analysis of the persistence and reasoning for this variance in natural systems, a finer resolution of model calibration is necessary to account for spatial variation in stream cross sections. This level of calibration has become of utmost importance due to technological advancements presenting the ability for water quality modeling frameworks to generate a much finer resolution of outputs. While the importance of model calibration has been noted for remediating levels of uncertainty in output datasets, single point sampling along a stream cross section is still predominately utilized for input data acquisition within the field. In order to test the level of variation which might be accounted for by implementing higher resolution sampling strategies, five evenly distributed positions were sampled simultaneously along stream cross sections. Along with lateral variation, vertical variation was addressed by sampling at 20% and 80% of the respective stage. These sample sets were analyzed for: 1) spatial variation in suspended sediment concentrations, 2) spatial variation in microbial concentrations, and 3) association between the variations of these constituents. Results showed spatial and temporal variations clearly existed within both datasets. Due to the sporadic nature of these variations both within and between events on any given site, it is recommended spatial variation be accounted for by higher resolution input calibration steps rather than purely empirical framework improvements. Spearman correlations showed little evidence of particulate to microbial associations within this study, but it is recommended particle size distributions be evaluated in consideration to attempting correlations between total suspended solids and fecal indicator bacteria in future studies.
