Spatial and Temporal Variability of Seawater Chemistry in Coastal Ecosystems in the Context of Global Change PDF Download
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Author: Tyler Cyronak
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889630714
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
Author: Tyler Cyronak
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889630714
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 186
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191501786
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 347
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Book Description
The ocean helps moderate climate change thanks to its considerable capacity to store CO2, through the combined actions of ocean physics, chemistry, and biology. This storage capacity limits the amount of human-released CO2 remaining in the atmosphere. As CO2 reacts with seawater, it generates dramatic changes in carbonate chemistry, including decreases in pH and carbonate ions and an increase in bicarbonate ions. The consequences of this overall process, known as "ocean acidification", are raising concerns for the biological, ecological, and biogeochemical health of the world's oceans, as well as for the potential societal implications. This research level text is the first to synthesize the very latest understanding of the consequences of ocean acidification, with the intention of informing both future research agendas and marine management policy. A prestigious list of authors has been assembled, among them the coordinators of major national and international projects on ocean acidification.
Author: Harold A. Mooney
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080924816
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
This book examines the differences and similarities in the earth system components - the ocean, atmosphere, and the land - between western portions of the northern and southern Western Hemispheres, past, present, and projected. The book carefully examines the physical and biological patterns and responses of given biomes, or ecological communities in the two regions. Special emphasis is placed on the relationship of physicial and biotic systems to biogeochemistry and the evolving biota patterns of land margins and surfaces. The text concludes with an assessment of the direct impact on humans on these biomes, giving full consideration to the land-use drivers of global change. * Integrated view of earth system processes on the west coasts of North and South America
Author: Christopher B. Field
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107058074
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 1149
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Book Description
This latest Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) will again form the standard reference for all those concerned with climate change and its consequences, including students, researchers and policy makers in environmental science, meteorology, climatology, biology, ecology, atmospheric chemistry and environmental policy.
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1316240347
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1150
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Book Description
This latest Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) will again form the standard reference for all those concerned with climate change and its consequences, including students, researchers and policy makers in environmental science, meteorology, climatology, biology, ecology, atmospheric chemistry and environmental policy.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030916155X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
The ocean has absorbed a significant portion of all human-made carbon dioxide emissions. This benefits human society by moderating the rate of climate change, but also causes unprecedented changes to ocean chemistry. Carbon dioxide taken up by the ocean decreases the pH of the water and leads to a suite of chemical changes collectively known as ocean acidification. The long term consequences of ocean acidification are not known, but are expected to result in changes to many ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean reviews the current state of knowledge, explores gaps in understanding, and identifies several key findings. Like climate change, ocean acidification is a growing global problem that will intensify with continued CO2 emissions and has the potential to change marine ecosystems and affect benefits to society. The federal government has taken positive initial steps by developing a national ocean acidification program, but more information is needed to fully understand and address the threat that ocean acidification may pose to marine ecosystems and the services they provide. In addition, a global observation network of chemical and biological sensors is needed to monitor changes in ocean conditions attributable to acidification.
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9781009157971
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 755
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Book Description
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Author: Alexander T. Lowe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
Ocean acidification poses serious threats to coastal ecosystem services, yet few empirical studies have investigated how feedbacks from local ecological processes may modulate global trends of pH from rising atmospheric CO2. Just as microclimatic influences cause departures from long-term warming trends in temperature, local processes may decouple local marine environments from the increased anthropogenic CO2 that dissolves in seawater and reduces pH. Seawater pH has been shown to be an important factor regulating physiological processes of many aquatic organisms, including valuable aquaculture species like Pacific oysters. Understanding 1) whether long-term ocean acidification varies spatially due to local ecological processes, 2) which environmental factors or ecological processes drive variation in seawater pH, and 3) the effects of this pH variation on marine organisms are critical research needs for climate change adaptation and management of important marine resources. In this dissertation, I found that pH exhibits high variability across spatial and temporal scales in the Salish Sea, exhibiting location-specific long-term changes driven by differences in net ecosystem metabolism (Chapter 1). By mapping pH in important shellfish aquaculture regions of Washington state, I showed that shallow-water environments over tidal flats are more variable in pH than surface waters over deeper channels, associated with bentho-pelagic coupling of organic matter production and decomposition, in addition to characteristic physical changes of temperature and salinity up-estuary (Chapter 2). Using interactions with an autotrophic foundation species (eelgrass Zostera marina) along estuarine gradients, I found that growth of two species of oyster were most strongly positively correlated to differences in stable isotope and fatty acid biomarkers of food availability both from river to ocean along the estuarine gradient and in association with eelgrass (Chapter 3). Shell strength, a putative indicator of pH stress, showed a positive response to eelgrass for the native, but negative response for the non-native oyster. Small differences in growth and shell strength were observed in association with eelgrass, but mortality related to predation was much higher in eelgrass. Collectively, these results support the adoption of an ecosystem perspective to ocean acidification as well as other stressors in productive aquatic habitats. Chapter 1: Patterns of pH variability were quantified as a function of atmospheric CO2 and local physical and biological processes at 83 sites over 25 years in the Salish Sea and two NE Pacific estuaries. Mean seawater pH decreased significantly at -0.009 ± 0.0005 pH yr−1 (0.22 pH over 25 years), with spatially variable rates ranging up to 10 times greater than atmospheric CO2-driven ocean acidification. Dissolved oxygen saturation (%DO) decreased by -0.24 ± 0.036% yr−1, with site-specific trends similar to pH. Mean pH shifted from 7.6 in winter to 8.0 in summer concomitant with the seasonal shift from heterotrophy (%DO 100) to autotrophy (%DO100) and dramatic shifts in aragonite saturation state critical to shell-forming organisms (probability of undersaturation was >80% in winter, but
Author: Gianluca Eusebi Borzelli
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111884761X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 488
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Book Description
Surface, intermediate, and deep-water processes and their interaction in time and space drive the major ocean circulation of the Mediterranean Sea. All major forcing mechanisms, such as surface wind forcing, buoyancy fluxes, lateral mass exchange, and deep convection determining the global oceanic circulation are present in this body of water. Deep and intermediate water masses are formed in different areas of the ocean layers and they drive the Mediterranean thermohaline cell, which further shows important analogies with the global ocean conveyor belt. The Mediterranean Sea: Temporal Variability and Spatial Patterns is a comprehensive volume that investigates the temporal and spatial variability patterns in the ocean basin. Volume highlights include: Discussions of state-of-the-art physical and biogeochemical properties of the Mediterranean Sea Multiple physical ocean circulation processes, both in time and spatial scales (basin, sub-basin, and mesoscale) How different regional phenomena in the sea influence the biogeochemistry of the basin and the ocean dynamics Spatio-temporal variability of the surface circulation in the western Mediterranean Deep-water variability and inter-basin interactions in the eastern Mediterranean Sea Understanding the link between global ocean circulation patterns and the global climate The Mediterranean Sea will be a valuable resource for geoscientists, oceanographers, and meteorologists.
Author: Sam J. Purkis
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1444339354
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 387
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Book Description
Remote Sensing plays a key role in monitoring the various manifestations of global climate change. It is used routinely in the assessment and mapping of biodiversity over large areas, in the monitoring of changes to the physical environment, in assessing threats to various components of natural systems, and in the identification of priority areas for conservation. This book presents the fundamentals of remote sensing technology, but rather than containing lengthy explanations of sensor specifications and operation, it concentrates instead on the application of the technology to key environmental systems. Each system forms the basis of a separate chapter, and each is illustrated by real world case studies and examples. Readership The book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in earth science, environmental science, or physical geography taking a course in environmental remote sensing. It will also be an invaluable reference for environmental scientists and managers who require an overview of the use of remote sensing in monitoring and mapping environmental change at regional and global scales. Additional resources for this book can be found at: http://www.wiley.com/go/purkis/remote.
