Social Problem Solving as a Mediator of the Relation Between Personality Traits and Emotional Distress PDF Download
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Author: Sarah E. Ricelli
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Emotional problems
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
Research has linked the presence of particular personality traits with emotional distress and resulting psychological and physical health consequences. Specifically, within the context of the empirically-supported personality trait taxonomy known as, five-factor model, the trait of low emotional stability (or neuroticism) has been associated with negative affect. Additionally, the traits of conscientiousness and extraversion have each been associated with reduction in negative affect. This suggests that personality vulnerabilities may lead to emotional distress, and personality strengths may serve as a buffering factor. However, one way that the likelihood of psychological outcomes may be either increased or decreased regardless of the presence of personality trait vulnerabilities (or strengths), may be dependent on the presence of specific coping strategies in an individual's repertoire. Social problem solving is a particular cognitive behavioral coping process by which an individual identifies effective solutions to everyday problems. Because of the extant evidence base for problem-solving coping as an important coping factor with regard to the link between stress and depression, it has been suggested that problem solving coping may represent one important set of coping responses that may also impact the link between personality traits and emotional distress. In the present study, personality, social problem solving, and emotional distress were investigated in 200 undergraduate college students. It was hypothesized that social problem solving would serve as a mediator of the relationship between personality and negative affect. Personality and social problem solving variables associated with distress were evaluated, including the traits of Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion, and the social problem solving dimensions of negative problem orientation and rational problem solving. A secondary hypothesis predicted a difference in the mediational role of social problem solving as a function of dispositional versus situational affect. The sample consisted of both males and females, ages 18-25, of various ethnicities. Participants completed a series of four questionnaires: NEO Personality Inventory-Revised, Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised (short-version), and two different versions of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Bivariate analyses, individual regression analyses, and Sobel tests were performed to test the predicted mediational impact of problem-solving regarding the relationship between personality traits and negative affect. Negative problem orientation was found to be a significant partial mediator of the relationship between Neuroticism and negative affect, as well as the relationship between Conscientiousness and negative affect. This indicates that in addition to the direct effect of the personality traits on distress, there was also an indirect effect of the traits on negative problem orientation. No difference in the mediational impact of social problem solving for state versus trait affect was found. All other proposed mediational relationships were insignificant. These findings identify negative problem orientation as a clinical target to attenuate distress in individuals with personality vulnerabilities.
Author: Sarah E. Ricelli
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Emotional problems
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
Research has linked the presence of particular personality traits with emotional distress and resulting psychological and physical health consequences. Specifically, within the context of the empirically-supported personality trait taxonomy known as, five-factor model, the trait of low emotional stability (or neuroticism) has been associated with negative affect. Additionally, the traits of conscientiousness and extraversion have each been associated with reduction in negative affect. This suggests that personality vulnerabilities may lead to emotional distress, and personality strengths may serve as a buffering factor. However, one way that the likelihood of psychological outcomes may be either increased or decreased regardless of the presence of personality trait vulnerabilities (or strengths), may be dependent on the presence of specific coping strategies in an individual's repertoire. Social problem solving is a particular cognitive behavioral coping process by which an individual identifies effective solutions to everyday problems. Because of the extant evidence base for problem-solving coping as an important coping factor with regard to the link between stress and depression, it has been suggested that problem solving coping may represent one important set of coping responses that may also impact the link between personality traits and emotional distress. In the present study, personality, social problem solving, and emotional distress were investigated in 200 undergraduate college students. It was hypothesized that social problem solving would serve as a mediator of the relationship between personality and negative affect. Personality and social problem solving variables associated with distress were evaluated, including the traits of Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion, and the social problem solving dimensions of negative problem orientation and rational problem solving. A secondary hypothesis predicted a difference in the mediational role of social problem solving as a function of dispositional versus situational affect. The sample consisted of both males and females, ages 18-25, of various ethnicities. Participants completed a series of four questionnaires: NEO Personality Inventory-Revised, Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised (short-version), and two different versions of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Bivariate analyses, individual regression analyses, and Sobel tests were performed to test the predicted mediational impact of problem-solving regarding the relationship between personality traits and negative affect. Negative problem orientation was found to be a significant partial mediator of the relationship between Neuroticism and negative affect, as well as the relationship between Conscientiousness and negative affect. This indicates that in addition to the direct effect of the personality traits on distress, there was also an indirect effect of the traits on negative problem orientation. No difference in the mediational impact of social problem solving for state versus trait affect was found. All other proposed mediational relationships were insignificant. These findings identify negative problem orientation as a clinical target to attenuate distress in individuals with personality vulnerabilities.
Author: Arthur M. Nezu
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
ISBN: 0826109403
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 327
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Book Description
Print+CourseSmart
Author: Moshe Zeidner
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471599463
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 764
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Book Description
"...how a man rallies to life's challenges and weathers its storms tells everything of who he is and all that he is likely to become." —St. Augustine It has long been understood that how a person adjusts to life stresses is a major component of his or her ability to lead a fulfilling life. Yet it wasn't until the 1960s that coping became a discrete topic of psychological inquiry. Since then, coping has risen to a position of prominence in the modern psychological discourse—especially within the personality, cognitive, and behavioral spheres—and, within the past decade alone, many important discoveries have been made about its mechanisms and functioning, and its role in ongoing psychological and physical health and well-being. A book whose time has come at last, the Handbook of Coping is the first professional reference devoted exclusively to the psychology of coping. Reporting the observations and insights of nearly sixty leading authorities in stress and coping from a wide range of affiliations and schools of thought, it brings readers the state of the art in coping theory, research, assessment, and applications. In orchestrating the book, the editors have scrupulously avoided imposing any particular slant or point of view, other than the need to foster greater eclecticism and cooperation between researchers and clinicians concerned with the phenomenon of coping. The Handbook of Coping is divided into five overlapping parts, the first of which serves to lay the conceptual foundations of all that follows. It traces the history of coping from its origins in psychoanalytic theories of unconscious defense mechanisms, and provides an exhaustive review of the latest conceptualizations, models, and constructs. The following section provides an in-depth exploration of current research methodology, measurement, and assessment tools. Part Three explores key facets of coping in a broad range of specific domains, including everyday hassles, chronic disease, cataclysmic events, and many others. The penultimate section focuses on individual differences. Among important topics covered here are coping styles and dispositions; the role of family, social support, and education; and coping behaviors across the life span. The final section, Part Five, is devoted to current applications. Clinical parameters are defined and a number of specific interventions are described, as are proven techniques for helping clients to improve their coping skills. A comprehensive guide to contemporary coping theory, research, and applications, the Handbook of Coping is an indispensable resource for practitioners, researchers, students, and educators in psychology, the health sciences, and epidemiology. Of related interest ... EGO DEFENSES: Theory and Measurement —Edited by Hope R. Conte and Robert Plutchik This book explores the nature and manifestations of defense mechanisms and traces ego defense theory and research from Freud's initial conceptualization through recent work in object-relations theory and other psychoanalytically oriented approaches. It provides clinical guidelines for diagnosing, assessing, and dealing with defenses, reviews empirical research techniques, and indicates their value in development and in psychotherapy. This volume should be of value to theoreticians, clinicians, and researchers interested in finding appropriate tools for measurement of defense mechanisms. 1994 SOCIAL SUPPORT: An Interactional View —Edited by Barbara R. Sarason, Irwin G. Sarason, and Gregory R. Pierce The study of social support and its relationship to personality, health, and adjustment is one of the fastest growing areas of research and application in psychology. This book contains integrative surveys of clinical and field studies, experimental investigations, and life-span explorations. It approaches social support as an important facet of interpersonal relationships and shows its undesirable, as well as its positive, features. 1990 (0-471-60624-3) 528 pp.
Author: Kevin William Grant
Publisher: Kevin William Grant
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 550
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Book Description
"Fundamentals of Psychological Diagnosis (Volume 1): DSM-5-TR Essentials for Clinicians" is your go-to guide for comprehending and diagnosing psychological disorders. This resource is tailored for psychologists, clinicians, counselors, educators, and students to demystify the complex landscape of psychological diagnosis, paving the way for impactful therapeutic outcomes. In an ever-changing field like psychology, precise diagnosis is the linchpin for effective treatment. This book captures my extensive, hands-on experience and diverse interactions, fulfilling the pressing need for an accessible and comprehensive resource on psychological diagnostics. Detailed Overviews: Each section provides an in-depth look at various disorders, from their symptoms and causes to the latest treatment options. Categorized For Ease: With chapters dedicated to distinct categories like Neurodevelopmental and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, quickly find and focus on specific areas of interest. Based on the Latest Research: Ground your knowledge in the most updated version of the DSM-5-TR, ensuring you have the latest information about each disorder. Summary Sections: A concise style with the essential points, making it perfect for quick reference or review. Each DSM-5-TR disorder is meticulously examined through: Diagnostic Criteria: Understanding the specifics of each disorder. The Impacts: Recognizing the effects on individuals and their surroundings. The Etiology (Origins and Causes): Delving into the root causes. Comorbidities: Identifying disorders that commonly co-exist. Risk Factors: Highlighting potential triggers or exacerbators. Case Study: Offering real-world examples for a grounded understanding. Recent Psychology Research Findings: Keeping readers updated on the latest discoveries. Treatment and Interventions: Providing actionable solutions for each disorder. Implications if Untreated: Emphasizing the urgency and importance of appropriate intervention. This volume covers the following disorders: Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Bipolar and Related Disorders, Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders, Bipolar and Related Disorders, Depressive Disorders, Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders, Trauma-Disorders and Stressor-Related Disorders, Dissociative Disorders. Whether you are a seasoned practitioner looking to update your knowledge, a student delving into the world of psychological diagnoses, or a curious reader eager to understand the intricacies of the human mind, this volume offers a window into the vast landscape of mental health conditions. Enhance your library and equip yourself with an enlightening and essential resource.
Author: Sónia P. Gonçalves
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889764354
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Author: T. Mark Harwood
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1441910999
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
Self-help is big business, but alas not a scienti c business. The estimated 10 billion—that’s with a “b”—spent each year on self-help in the United States is rarely guided by research or monitored by mental health professionals. Instead, marketing and metaphysics triumph. The more outrageous the “miraculous cure” and the “r- olutionary secret,” the better the sales. Of the 3,000 plus self-help books published each year, only a dozen contain controlled research documenting their effectiveness as stand-alone self-help. Of the 20,000 plus psychological and relationship web sites available on the Internet, only a couple hundred meet professional standards for accuracy and balance. Most, in fact, sell a commercial product. Pity the layperson, or for that matter, the practitioner, trying to navigate the self-help morass. We are bombarded with thousands of potential resources and c- tradictory advice. Should we seek wisdom in a self-help book, an online site, a 12-step group, an engaging autobiography, a treatment manual, an inspiring movie, or distance writing? Should we just do it, or just say no? Work toward change or accept what is? Love your inner child or grow out of your Peter Pan? I become confused and discouraged just contemplating the choices.
Author: Thomas J. D'Zurilla
Publisher: Amer Psychological Assn
ISBN: 9781591471479
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
"We put together a book that would offer readers multiple perspectives, insights, and directions in understanding social problem solving as an important theory that has driven wide-ranging scientific research and as an important means of training to empower and elevate the lives of individuals. We believe that social problem solving can help individuals free themselves from the problems they face or the distress that these problems cause. We recognize that some problems may be difficult or impossible to solve, but we believe that considerable value remains in understanding and promoting effective social problem solving to foster the novel insights and methods in which problems that seem insurmountable ultimately may be conquered in incremental steps, across time and across individuals. Moreover, we believe that problems can be solved in different ways. When problematic situations or circumstances are manageable or controllable, a good problem solver tries to find ways to change them for the better. However, when such situations or circumstances are unchangeable or uncontrollable, one can still use problem solving to find ways to accept and tolerate with less distress that which cannot be changed or controlled"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved)
Author: Madeleine Francuz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Thomas J. D'Zurilla
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
ISBN:
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
Author: Donald Kiesler
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 0313373736
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Kiesler's Beyond the Disease Model of Mental Disorder goes beyond recent volumes which argue that psychotropic medications are being overused and abused in contemporary mental health settings. Elliott Valenstein, for example, an emeritus professor of psychology and neuroscience at the University of Michigan, recently argues that people should be highly suspicious of the claim that all mental illness is primarily a biochemical disorder. In his 1998 book, Blaming the Brain: The Truth about Drugs and Mental Health, Valenstein does not argue that drugs never work or that patients should discontinue taking medication. Valenstein's central point, instead, is that drugs do not attack the real cause of a disorder, since biochemical theories are an unproven hypothesis and probably a false one. Inasmuch as Kiesler's volume is concerned exclusively with scientific explanations of mental disorders, it does not review at all the evidence for psychotropic medications or for other treatments of mental disorders. Kiesler does highlight a message similar to that of Valenstein, who rejects the hypothesis that mental illness is primarily a biochemical disorder. After a comprehensive review of the relevant scientific evidence, Kiesler concludes that henceforth the study of mental disorders must be guided by multicausal theories and research that systematically include an array of biological, psychological, and sociocultural causal factors. Kiesler adds that, in order for this to be accomplished, the mental health field and the public at large must first abandon the invalid monocausal biomedical (disease) model of mental disorder.
