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Author: Amir Teicher
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110849949X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 283
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Book Description
Will revolutionize reader's understanding of the principles of modern genetics, Nazi racial policies and the relationship between them.
Author: Amir Teicher
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110849949X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 283
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Book Description
Will revolutionize reader's understanding of the principles of modern genetics, Nazi racial policies and the relationship between them.
Author: Peter J. Bowler
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1474241743
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Book Description
An introduction to the history of genetics and the rethinking of evolutionism.
Author: Jon Røyne Kyllingstad
Publisher: Open Book Publishers
ISBN: 1909254541
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
The notion of a superior ‘Germanic’ or ‘Nordic’ race was a central theme in Nazi ideology. But it was also a commonly accepted idea in the early twentieth century, an actual scientific concept originating from anthropological research on the physical characteristics of Europeans. The Scandinavian Peninsula was considered to be the historical cradle and the heartland of this ‘master race’. Measuring the Master Race investigates the role played by Scandinavian scholars in inventing this so-called superior race, and discusses how the concept stamped Norwegian physical anthropology, prehistory, national identity and the eugenics movement. It also explores the decline and scientific discrediting of these ideas in the 1930s as they came to be associated with the genetic cleansing of Nazi Germany. This is the first comprehensive study of Norwegian physical anthropology. Its findings shed new light on current political and scientific debates about race across the globe.
Author: Kyung-Man Kim
Publisher: Guilford Publications
ISBN: 9780898620887
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 239
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Book Description
The recognition of science as a social process in which dissent and negotiation take place is not a new concept. The role of consensus and the extent to which personal relationships affect its formation, however, are rarely discussed in the literature. Examining these phenomena, Kyung-Man Kim argues that sociologists and historians present a deficient account of how science produces reliable knowledge because they have primarily focused on the drama of conflict and disagreements rather than on the process of reaching consensus. Through a careful examination of the community of the evolutionary biologists and geneticists at the turn of the 20th century, Kim reveals the interplay among scientists that generated acceptance of Mendelian genetics. His analysis reveals the inherent weakness in contemporary accounts, and lays the groundwork for a more democratic sociological theory of consensus formation. Based on a large survey of published articles as well as unpublished letters, Kim describes in vivid detail the history of the Mendelian debates. This history serves to illustrate his main theme, as he offers a detailed critique of Merton's structural-functional account of science, and discusses the three dominant research programs in the contemporary sociology of science, including Bloor and Barnes's strong programme, Collins's empirical program of relativism, and Latour's actor-network theory. Throughout, the role of mutual persuasion and criticism in reaching consensus among scientists of differing orientations is clearly illustrated. Developing a unique approach to the formation of scientific consensus, Kim focuses on the so called "middle-level" scientists and their essential role in criticizing and controlling the more single-minded and prominent elite scientists. Kim contends that it is through these scientists, who are often more accessible in university settings, that new discoveries and ideas will be generally accepted in the scientific community, displayed in textbooks, and eventually, accepted into the core knowledge. Including a foreword by Donald Campbell and commentaries by eminent historians of genetics, Nils Roll-Hansen and Robert Olby, this important new book will inform sociologists and historians of science, as well as philosophers interested in recent developments of sociology of scientific knowledge. An ideal teaching text, it will be highly useful in courses dealing with genetics, sociology, or philosophy of science
Author: R. A. Fisher
Publisher: Franklin Classics Trade Press
ISBN: 9780353256835
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author: Kenneth Mather
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1489934049
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 394
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Book Description
The properties of continuous variation are basic to the theory of evolution and to the practice of plant and animal improvement. Yet the genetical study of continuous variation has lagged far behind that of discontinuous variation. The reason for this situation is basically methodological. Mendel gave us not merely his principles of heredity, but also a method of experiment by which these principles could be tested over a wider range of living species, and extended into the elaborate genetical theory of today. The power of this tool is well attested by the speed with which genetics has grown. In less than fifty years, it has not only developed a theoretical structure which is unique in the biological sciences, but has established a union with nuclear cytology so close that the two have become virtually a single science offering us a new approach to problems so diverse as those of evolution, development, disease, cellular chemistry and human welfare. Much of this progress would have been impossible and all would have been slower without the Mendelian method of recognizing and using unit differences in the genetic materials.
Author: Sheila Faith Weiss
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226891798
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
The Faustian bargain—in which an individual or group collaborates with an evil entity in order to obtain knowledge, power, or material gain—is perhaps best exemplified by the alliance between world-renowned human geneticists and the Nazi state. Under the swastika, German scientists descended into the moral abyss, perpetrating heinous medical crimes at Auschwitz and at euthanasia hospitals. But why did biomedical researchers accept such a bargain? The Nazi Symbiosis offers a nuanced account of the myriad ways human heredity and Nazi politics reinforced each other before and during the Third Reich. Exploring the ethical and professional consequences for the scientists involved as well as the political ramifications for Nazi racial policies, Sheila Faith Weiss places genetics and eugenics in their larger international context. In questioning whether the motives that propelled German geneticists were different from the compromises that researchers from other countries and eras face, Weiss extends her argument into our modern moment, as we confront the promises and perils of genomic medicine today.
Author: Benoit Godin
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 9780415328494
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
Governments and researchers from industrial countries have been measuring science and technology for more than seventy years. This book provides an historical examination of official science and technology statistics and indicators in Western countries and addresses the following questions: What were the main historical moments that led to the development of statistics on science and technology? What were the main socio-political stakes behind the activities of science measurement? What were the philosophical and ideological conceptions that drove measurement? What statistics and indicators were developed and how were they constructed? The first part of the book concentrates on the construction and development of science and technology statistics from 1930 to the present, the principles at work, and the vested interests and forces behind that construction. The second part analyzes to what uses statistics were put, and with how much confidence actors used statistics to document their case or to promote their political agenda.
Author: Gregor Mendel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hybridization, Vegetable
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
Author: María Jesús Santesmases
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319697188
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
This book reconstructs the early circulation of penicillin in Spain, a country exhausted by civil war (1936–1939), and oppressed by Franco’s dictatorship. Embedded in the post-war recovery, penicillin’s voyages through time and across geographies – professional, political and social – were both material and symbolic. This powerful antimicrobial captivated the imagination of the general public, medical practice, science and industry, creating high expectations among patients, who at times experienced little or no effect. Penicillin’s lack of efficacy against some microbes fueled the search for new wonder drugs and sustained a decades-long research agenda built on the post-war concept of development through scientific and technological achievements. This historical reconstruction of the social life of penicillin between the 1940s and 1980s – through the dictatorship to democratic transition – explores political, public, medical, experimental and gender issues, and the rise of antibiotic resistance.
