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Author: Priya Lall
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
India is the global epicentre of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Asia. Previous research indicates that the majority of HIV-positive women in India were infected by their husbands, their only sexual partner, which makes them difficult to identify as a high-risk population. This paper assesses social factors associated with the transmission of HIV based on demographic determinants, such as age; sexual risk behavior; and gendered discrimination, such as domestic violence. Bivariate and multivariate analysis of the National Family Health Survey yields the result that women's socioeconomic status could have an association with their serostatus, as HIV-positive women were significantly more likely to have a low level of education than their HIV-negative counterparts. In contrast, female HIV-positive respondents displayed low tendencies toward high-risk sexual behavior, as less than 10% had two or more sexual partners in their lifetime. Finally, they were significantly more likely to have previously experienced domestic violence (45%) and sexual violence (22%) than the general population. Overall, results illustrate that Indian women's vulnerability toward HIV infection may not be the product of their own sexual risk behavior. The most prominent social factors are their socioeconomic status, such as their level of education, and other sociodemographic determinants, including their region of residence.
Author: Priya Lall
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
India is the global epicentre of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Asia. Previous research indicates that the majority of HIV-positive women in India were infected by their husbands, their only sexual partner, which makes them difficult to identify as a high-risk population. This paper assesses social factors associated with the transmission of HIV based on demographic determinants, such as age; sexual risk behavior; and gendered discrimination, such as domestic violence. Bivariate and multivariate analysis of the National Family Health Survey yields the result that women's socioeconomic status could have an association with their serostatus, as HIV-positive women were significantly more likely to have a low level of education than their HIV-negative counterparts. In contrast, female HIV-positive respondents displayed low tendencies toward high-risk sexual behavior, as less than 10% had two or more sexual partners in their lifetime. Finally, they were significantly more likely to have previously experienced domestic violence (45%) and sexual violence (22%) than the general population. Overall, results illustrate that Indian women's vulnerability toward HIV infection may not be the product of their own sexual risk behavior. The most prominent social factors are their socioeconomic status, such as their level of education, and other sociodemographic determinants, including their region of residence.
Author: Carole A. Campbell
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521566797
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
Carole Campbell examines the position of women in the AIDS epidemic (women living with HIV, and women caring for HIV-infected family members) in a sociocultural context. Campbell draws a connection among women's risk of AIDS, gender roles (particularly adolescent gender role socialization), and male sexual behavior, demonstrating that efforts to contain the spread of the disease to females must also target the male behavior that puts women at risk. This study concludes that compared with men, HIV-infected women face unequal access to care and unequal quality of care. Informed by the moving personal accounts of eleven HIV-infected men and women, this book offers a rare, broad picture of the sociocultural causes and the impact on American society of AIDS among women.
Author: Mark G. Brennan
Publisher: Nova Science Pub Incorporated
ISBN: 9781608760541
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 127
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Book Description
The first decade of the HIV/AIDS epidemic was defined by young gay men dying and activism. The second decade saw people of colour and women account for the majority of those with HIV, as well as the development of effective drugs and the hope that HIV could become treatable or even curable. In this third decade, HIV has evolved into a chronic manageable disease. Few would have ever thought that there would be large numbers of older adults living with HIV in our lifetimes. Developing a strategy to best sustain the health and quality of life for the ageing population living with HIV requires a rigorous assessment of this group's characteristics and needs. Research on Older Adults with HIV (ROAH), conducted by the AIDS Community Research Initiative of America (ACRIA), is the first step to begin to establish a valid comprehensive knowledge-base of the unique characteristics and needs of this growing population.
Author: Bethany Young Holt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 754
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Book Description
Author: Deepanjali Vishwakarma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Background: Over the years, there has been growing evidence of continuously narrowing gender gap in new HIV infections in India, despite stagnation in the overall HIV prevalence. One of the reasons behind the exiting pattern in HIV/AIDS in the country is the poor status of women, lack of control over sexuality and poor reproductive & sexual rights. This paper analyses the inequalities in womenu2019s empowerment their HIV vulnerability and prevalence of HIV in India. Methods: The data has been taken from two rounds of National Family Health Survey (NFHS), 2005-2006 & 2015-2016 for women age 15-49. The information on different dimensions of womenu2019s empowerment has been used and inequalities computed by using Liebersonu2019s Diversity Index. However, their risk and vulnerability to HIV has been analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.Results: Result portrays a large disparity in womenu2019s empowerment, which has emerged as the function of size of states. HIV prevalence among women has not been changed over the last decade (0.22 % to 0.23%) despite of decreased adult HIV prevalence from 0.28% in 2005-06 to 0.24 % in 2015-16. Risk of HIV among widowed women has increased from 1.51 % to 1.99 %. Women having control over own sexuality major in terms of their potential to refuse sex with their husband under certain condition is less likely to have HIV infection. On the other hand women whose husband has intense marital control behavior also portrays declining prevalence of HIV thus womenu2019s important and risk of HIV has a mix relationship.Conclusions: A combative relationship has been established between empowerment of women and their risk of HIV/AIDS. Results have been consistently showing the variations of inequality in womenu2019s empowerment across different states consequently affecting the risk of HIV/AIDS. Insuring sexual rights of women should be best strategy.
Author: Rajesh Vendanthan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 420
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Book Description
Author: Shri Kant Singh
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788131606216
Category : AIDS (Disease)
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book deals with the factors and circumstances that have added to young women's vulnerability to HIV/AIDS in India. Besides the biological, economic, and socio-cultural factors, this is primarily due to the behaviors of these women's husbands/partners. The key points from the primary data, collected from five cross-cultural settings in India, show the need to enhance women's knowledge, their capacity building, access to STI/HIV services, as well as family and community level support as the major facilitating factors to reduce their vulnerability. The strategies identified need to be translated into programs, when not only the female-male ratio of HIV infection is increasing, but nearly half of the new HIV infections are taking place among people below age 25. The major findings in the book will be useful for researchers, policy makers, and other program personnel working in South Asian countries on gender and HIV/AIDS issues.
Author: Kiran Prasad
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : AIDS (Disease)
Languages : en
Pages : 434
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Book Description
"HIV and AIDS: Vulnerability of Women in Asia and Africa is a valuable advocacy tool for addressing the complex challenge of drawing attention to empower challenge of drawing attention to empower women to protect themselves and their families from the epidemic. This book focuses on the vulnerability of women in Asia and Africa to HIV/AIDS from various forces such as the wider social, cultural, economic and political factors. It takes a hard look at the risks of HIV/AIDS that affect women directly or indirectly through poverty, lack of education and livelihood opportunities, inhuman traditions, low social status, poor health care and lack of control over sexual relationships. The studies presented here on sexual behaviour change communication point to actions that can be strengthened and stepped up to arrest the spread of the epidemic."--BOOK JACKET.
Author: Priya Lall
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : HIV infections
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309452961
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 583
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Book Description
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
