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Author: Carl E. Liedholm
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135118159
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
Micro and small enterprises (MSEs) have been recognized as a major contemporary source of employment and income in a growing number of developing countries. Yet, relatively little is known about the characteristics and patterns of change in these enterprises. This volume examines the dynamics of MSEs in the development process. Drawing on a unique set of surveys conducted in twelve countries in Africa and Latin America the authors map the patterns of change in MSEs in the developing world. Subjects covered include: * significance of new start and closure rates of MSEs * factors involved in expansion rates and growth patterns of MSEs * the role of gender in MSEs evolution.
Author: Carl E. Liedholm
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135118159
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
Micro and small enterprises (MSEs) have been recognized as a major contemporary source of employment and income in a growing number of developing countries. Yet, relatively little is known about the characteristics and patterns of change in these enterprises. This volume examines the dynamics of MSEs in the development process. Drawing on a unique set of surveys conducted in twelve countries in Africa and Latin America the authors map the patterns of change in MSEs in the developing world. Subjects covered include: * significance of new start and closure rates of MSEs * factors involved in expansion rates and growth patterns of MSEs * the role of gender in MSEs evolution.
Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 082138628X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
The World Bank, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Research Institute, and the Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development (FASID), in collaboration with researchers affiliated with the African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), recently conducted a study on Africa s domestic enterprises to improve the understanding of the constraints micro and small enterprises in Africa face in improving productivity and expanding their markets. In Africa, there are stark performance gaps between domestically owned enterprises and foreign-owned enterprises in terms of sales performance, productivity, and ability to reach distant markets. Among others, size appears to be a dominant factor in explaining the gap. Against this background, the study analyzes how naturally formed industrial clusters concentrations of enterprises engaged in same or closely related industrial activities in specific locations could potentially mitigate constraints Africa s micro and small enterprises face and enhance their business performance. The study is one of the first comprehensive quantitative inquiries on industrial clusters in Africa. The analysis specifically focuses on the role of spontaneously grown clusters of light manufacturing industries based on a set of original case studies of industrial clusters conducted for this research project. One of the key findings from the case studies was that cluster-based micro and small enterprises are performing better than similar micro and small enterprises outside of the clusters in terms of sales performance and ability to reach distant markets. Market access is a leading reason for cluster-based enterprises to choose their current locations. However, cluster-based enterprises face another set of unique growth constraints. By the very nature of spontaneous agglomera tion, new enterprises continue to flow to the clusters seeking the profit opportunities and better access to markets at such locations. The result can be intense competition in addition to increased congestion. Space constraints often impede growth within clusters. The lack of alternative locations available for industrial activities in the same cities, generic infrastructure bottlenecks, and unclear zoning policies and their unpredictable changes limit firms location choices and constrain their mobility. While competition should improve efficiency, lack of capacity among those competing cluster-based enterprises to invest and innovate does not generate growth out of the competition. The vast majority of naturally formed clusters of light manufacturing industries in Africa are still at a survival level, where agglomeration externalities are only limited to expand quantity but not quality as we observe in more advanced innovation-oriented clusters in elsewhere in the world. Existing studies on such natural industrial clusters in Africa have found that the lack of managerial skills among entrepreneurs running micro and small enterprises is a major constraint for innovation and growth in the clusters. As a part of this study, pilot managerial skills training programs were conducted in two industrial clusters on an experimental basis, where a group of randomly selected entrepreneurs within the clusters were given three-week long crush course of based management such as bookkeeping, marketing, business planning, and production management. The impact evaluation of the experiments showed significant positive impacts of the training programs on value added and gross profits of enterprises. Raising the current survival-type industrial clusters, which have been formed as a coping mechanism to weak investment climate, into more dynamic innovating clusters will be an important avenue for fostering growth of micro and small enterprises in Africa. While national efforts to improve investment climate and investments in human capital are undoubtedly important, there could be more targeted policies to be formulated, in complementing general policies, to support growth of micro and small domestic enterprises using existing industrial clusters as a natural springboard for their growth. In that context, the study discusses the merit of cluster-based managerial human capital development to build steps toward more innovation-oriented clusters, the importance of sound spatial planning policy, particularly at the local level in the context of urban planning, the need to expand market access and economic linkages for industrial clusters including regional integration and linkages with large enterprises.
Author: Agarwal, Swati
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799874133
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 335
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Book Description
In terms of becoming a successful bioentrepreneur, there is still much more to learn. There are many ways to learn the essential fundamentals of entrepreneurship, including through the mistakes of previous businesses and models. Increased knowledge and a better understanding of what works can be derived from these previous failures and mistakes. Additionally, learning from other bioentrepreneurs can help businesses run successfully. By looking deeper into business models, product development, the fundamental concepts of bioentrepreneurship, and the essential characteristics of bioentrepreneurs, one can become better equipped to understand the role of biological sciences in entrepreneurship, specifically the role of product development. Bioentrepreneurship and Transferring Technology Into Product Development provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of biological sciences, specifically in transforming technology into commercial product. This book compiles the theoretical and practical aspects of bioentrepreneurship and discusses the various factors, including creating business plans, acquiring funding, and successful business models. The chapters also cover areas such as small-scale product development, intellectual property rights, funding schemes for start-ups, and new prospective biotechnology product development. This book is essential for bioentrepreneurs, entrepreneurs, product developers, scientists, practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students interested in product development from a biological science perspective.
Author: Basavaraj M. Somanamaradi
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1329981758
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 285
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Book Description
Author: Ajmer Singh Malik
Publisher: M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.
ISBN: 9788185880617
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
Dr.Malik has been actively associated with various academic bodies in the discipline of Public Administration. Dr. Malik has specialized in Rural Development and Personnel Administration.
Author: Enyinna Chuta
Publisher: Amalion Publishing
ISBN: 235926026X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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Book Description
The increasing numbers of college and university graduates from Africa’s tertiary institutions and the declining prospects for jobs in the public and private sector have reinforced the importance of creating avenues for self-employment. But job creation exposes a serious gap in education policies, for basic skills in entrepreneurship are not taught in most tertiary curricula across the continent. This nineteen-chapter volume provides essential course text material for developing the field of entrepreneurship in tertiary institutions, thus addressing the issue of appropriate pedagogy critical for the emerging field of entrepreneurship development in higher education institutions in Africa. Drawing from Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the developing world, the volume furnishes much needed empirical information to fashion out appropriate policies and projects within macroeconomic framework to nurture small and medium enterprises as a development tool.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Industrialization
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Author: Louise Dignard
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000011275
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 247
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Book Description
An exploration of women's participation in small- and micro-enterprise activities in less developed countries. Topics covered include: the human economy of microentrepreneurs; and the Swedish International Development Authority's support of women's small-scale enterprises in Tanzania.
Author: T. Sonobe
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230295126
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
This book examines how to promote industrial development in low-income countries. It considers the role of traders in the evolution of a cluster, the role of managerial human capital, the effect of the 'China shock', and the role of industrial policies focused on international knowledge transfer in supporting the upgrading of clusters.
Author: Dr. S. K. SIngh
Publisher: SBPD Publications
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
Part 'A' : Foundations of Business 1. Nature and Purpose of Business 2. Classification of Business Activities 3. Forms of Business Organisations : Sole Proprietorship 4. Joint Hindu Family Business 5. Partnership 6. Cooperative Societies 7. Joint Stock Company 8. Choice of Form of Business Organisations and Starting a Business 9. Private and Public Sector/Enterprises 10. Forms of Organising Public Sector Enterprises and Changing Role of Public Sector 11. Global Enterprises (Multinational Companies) Joint Venture and Public Private Partnership 12. Business Services – I Banking 13. Business Services – II Insurance 14. Business Services – III Communication : Postal and Telecom 15. Business Services – IV Warehousing 16. Transportation 17. E-Business and Outsourcing Services 18. Social Responsibility of Business and Business Ethics Part 'B' : Corporate Organisation, Finance and Trade 19. Formation of a Company 20. Sources of Business Finance 21. Small Business 22. Internal Trade 23. External Trade or International Business 24. Project Report Value Based Questions [(VBQ) With Answers] Latest Model Paper Board Examination Paper
