Simultaneous Vs. Sequential Sales, Intensity of Competition and Uncertainty PDF Download
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Author: Juan Feng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Under what circumstances will a seller be better of selling his inventory sequentially, rather than selling them all in a single auction? If buyers come sequentially, there is an obvious reason to sell items sequentially. However, we show that even (1) when all buyers are present at the beginning of the auction, (2) when both the seller and buyers are impatient, a sequential sale can still be more profitable for the seller as it stimulates competition among forward-looking bidders. This result depends on: (1) the "intensity of competition", which is characterized by the number of items available relative to the number of buyers; and (2) the discount factor of the auctioneer and bidders; and (3) the uncertainty among bidders about how many items available for sale. The result is then extended to a T-period setting. When bidders are strategic players who can predict the optimal strategy of the seller, we find that the dynamic equilibrium structure of this game is quite different from that in a typical optimal stopping problem.
Author: Juan Feng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Under what circumstances will a seller be better of selling his inventory sequentially, rather than selling them all in a single auction? If buyers come sequentially, there is an obvious reason to sell items sequentially. However, we show that even (1) when all buyers are present at the beginning of the auction, (2) when both the seller and buyers are impatient, a sequential sale can still be more profitable for the seller as it stimulates competition among forward-looking bidders. This result depends on: (1) the "intensity of competition", which is characterized by the number of items available relative to the number of buyers; and (2) the discount factor of the auctioneer and bidders; and (3) the uncertainty among bidders about how many items available for sale. The result is then extended to a T-period setting. When bidders are strategic players who can predict the optimal strategy of the seller, we find that the dynamic equilibrium structure of this game is quite different from that in a typical optimal stopping problem.
Author: Reiko Aoki
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
We consider a multi-stage game where firms first choose product quality and then compete for sales in the product market. We show how the equilibrium qualities are influenced by timing (sequential or simultaneous) of quality choices depends on the type of competition (Bertrand or Cournot) in the sale stage. If the product market is characterized by Bertrand competition (price setting), then lower qualities will be chosen under sequential quality choice than under simultaneous quality choice. Although qualities may be strategic complements or substitutes, depending on the type of product market competition, the first mover will always choose the higher quality and have greater profit, independent of the nature of product market competition. We also show that the effect of timing of quality choice on producer, consumer, and social surpluses depends on the type of product market competition.
Author: Paul Belleflamme
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108625622
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 275
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Book Description
Digital platforms controlled by Alibaba, Alphabet, Amazon, Facebook, Netflix, Tencent and Uber have transformed not only the ways we do business, but also the very nature of people's everyday lives. It is of vital importance that we understand the economic principles governing how these platforms operate. This book explains the driving forces behind any platform business with a focus on network effects. The authors use short case studies and real-world applications to explain key concepts such as how platforms manage network effects and which price and non-price strategies they choose. This self-contained text is the first to offer a systematic and formalized account of what platforms are and how they operate, concisely incorporating path-breaking insights in economics over the last twenty years.
Author: George Gilder
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 067170592X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 436
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Book Description
From Simon & Schuster, Microcosm is the provocative national bestseller by the author of Wealth and Poverty. George Gilder's Microcosm is the crystal ball of the next technological era. Leading scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs provide vivid accounts of the latest inventions, revealing how the new international balance of power really lies in information technology.
Author: Johnny Saldana
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 1446200124
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers is unique in providing, in one volume, an in-depth guide to each of the multiple approaches available for coding qualitative data. In total, 29 different approaches to coding are covered, ranging in complexity from beginner to advanced level and covering the full range of types of qualitative data from interview transcripts to field notes. For each approach profiled, Johnny Saldaña discusses the method’s origins in the professional literature, a description of the method, recommendations for practical applications, and a clearly illustrated example.
Author: Anol Bhattacherjee
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781475146127
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
This book is designed to introduce doctoral and graduate students to the process of conducting scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines. It is a one-stop, comprehensive, and compact source for foundational concepts in behavioral research, and can serve as a stand-alone text or as a supplement to research readings in any doctoral seminar or research methods class. This book is currently used as a research text at universities on six continents and will shortly be available in nine different languages.
Author: Richard R. Nelson
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 9780674041431
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
This book contains the most sustained and serious attack on mainstream, neoclassical economics in more than forty years. Nelson and Winter focus their critique on the basic question of how firms and industries change overtime. They marshal significant objections to the fundamental neoclassical assumptions of profit maximization and market equilibrium, which they find ineffective in the analysis of technological innovation and the dynamics of competition among firms. To replace these assumptions, they borrow from biology the concept of natural selection to construct a precise and detailed evolutionary theory of business behavior. They grant that films are motivated by profit and engage in search for ways of improving profits, but they do not consider them to be profit maximizing. Likewise, they emphasize the tendency for the more profitable firms to drive the less profitable ones out of business, but they do not focus their analysis on hypothetical states of industry equilibrium. The results of their new paradigm and analytical framework are impressive. Not only have they been able to develop more coherent and powerful models of competitive firm dynamics under conditions of growth and technological change, but their approach is compatible with findings in psychology and other social sciences. Finally, their work has important implications for welfare economics and for government policy toward industry.
Author: Jeffrey A. Frankel
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226260232
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
The foreign exchange market is the largest, fastest-growing financial market in the world. Yet conventional macroeconomic approaches do not explain why people trade foreign exchange. At the same time, they fail to explain the short-run determinants of the exchange rate. These nine innovative essays use a microstructure approach to analyze the workings of the foreign exchange market, with special emphasis on institutional aspects and the actual behavior of market participants. They examine the volume of transactions, heterogeneity of traders, the time of day and location of trading, the bid-ask spread, and the high level of exchange rate volatility that has puzzled many observers. They also consider the structure of the market, including such issues as nontransparency, asymmetric information, liquidity trading, the use of automated brokers, the relationship between spot and derivative markets, and the importance of systemic risk in the market. This timely volume will be essential reading for anyone interested in the economics of international finance.
Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821382268
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 187
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Book Description
“The crisis has deeply impacted virtually every economy in the world, and although growth has returned, much progress in the fight against poverty has been lost. More difficult international conditions in the years to come will mean that developing countries will have to place even more emphasis on improving domestic economic conditions to achieve the kind of growth that can durably eradicate poverty.� —Justin Yifu Lin, Chief Economist and Senior Vice President The World Bank 'Global Economic Prospects 2010: Crisis, Finance, and Growth' explores both the short- and medium-term impacts of the financial crisis on developing countries. Although global growth has resumed, the recovery is fragile, and unless business and consumer demand strengthen, the world economy could slow down again. Even if, as appears likely, a double-dip recession is avoided, the recovery is expected to be slow. High unemployment and widespread restructuring will continue to characterize the global economy for the next several years. Already, the crisis has provoked large-scale human suffering. Some 64 million more people around the world are expected to be living on less than a $1.25 per day by the end of 2010, and between 30,000 and 50,000 more infants may have died of malnutrition in 2009 in Sub-Saharan Africa, than would have been the case if the crisis had not occurred. Over the medium term, economic growth is expected to recover. But increased risk aversion, a necessary and desirable tightening of financial regulations in high-income countries, and measures to reduce the exposure of developing economies to external shocks are likely to make finance scarcer and more costly than it was during the boom period. As a result, just as the ample liquidity of the early 2000s prompted an investment boom and an acceleration in developing-country potential output, higher costs will likely yield a slowing in developing-country potential growth rates of between 0.2 and 0.7 percentage points, and as much as an 8 percent decline in potential output over the medium term. In the longer term, however, developing countries can more than offset the implications of more expensive international finance by reducing the cost of capital channeled through their domestic financial markets. For more information, please visit www.worldbank.org/gep2010. To access Prospects for the Global Economy, an online companion publication, please visit www.worldbank.org/globaloutlook.
Author: Leszek Balcerowicz
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464803269
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 355
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Book Description
By comparing countries like Venezuela and Chile, China and India, Dominican Republic and Haiti, and others, the book tries to answer the questions of which institutions and policies are crucial for stable long term economic growth.
