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Author: Peter Flach
Publisher: Wiley
ISBN: 9780471942153
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
An introduction to Prolog programming for artificial intelligence covering both basic and advanced AI material. A unique advantage to this work is the combination of AI, Prolog and Logic. Each technique is accompanied by a program implementing it. Seeks to simplify the basic concepts of logic programming. Contains exercises and authentic examples to help facilitate the understanding of difficult concepts.
Author: Peter Flach
Publisher: Wiley
ISBN: 9780471942153
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 256
Get Book Here
Book Description
An introduction to Prolog programming for artificial intelligence covering both basic and advanced AI material. A unique advantage to this work is the combination of AI, Prolog and Logic. Each technique is accompanied by a program implementing it. Seeks to simplify the basic concepts of logic programming. Contains exercises and authentic examples to help facilitate the understanding of difficult concepts.
Author: Bo Bennett
Publisher: eBookIt.com
ISBN: 1456607375
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 429
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Book Description
This book is a crash course in effective reasoning, meant to catapult you into a world where you start to see things how they really are, not how you think they are. The focus of this book is on logical fallacies, which loosely defined, are simply errors in reasoning. With the reading of each page, you can make significant improvements in the way you reason and make decisions. Logically Fallacious is one of the most comprehensive collections of logical fallacies with all original examples and easy to understand descriptions, perfect for educators, debaters, or anyone who wants to improve his or her reasoning skills. "Expose an irrational belief, keep a person rational for a day. Expose irrational thinking, keep a person rational for a lifetime." - Bo Bennett This 2021 Edition includes dozens of more logical fallacies with many updated examples.
Author: Agustín Rayo
Publisher:
ISBN: 0199662622
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
Our conception of logical space is the set of distinctions we use to navigate the world. Agustín Rayo argues that this is shaped by acceptance or rejection of 'just is'-statements: e.g. 'to be composed of water just is to be composed of H2O'. He offers a novel conception of metaphysical possibility, and a new trivialist philosophy of mathematics.
Author: Penelope Maddy
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199391750
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 147
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Book Description
"Maddy's short monograph looks at Wittgenstein's philosophy of logic, from the perspective of the form of naturalism that she calls "second philosophy." That view takes an empirical approach to logical truth -- essentially arguing that if philosophers want to understand the world, they should start from a position informed by scientific understandings of the world, because science is often a reliable guide to how the world works. Similarly, just like science, logic is also grounded in the structure of our world, and our basic cognitive machinery is tuned by evolutionary pressures to detect that structure where it occurs. Ludwig Wittgenstein (particularly in the "Tractatus") also linked the logical structure of representation with the structure of the world, but still insisted that the sense of our representations must be given prior to -- independently of -- any facts about how the world happens to be. When that requirement is removed, Wittgenstein's position in the Tractatus approaches Maddy's Second Philosophy -- that logic is grounded in the structure of the world and our representational systems reflect that structuring. The later Wittgenstein also hews closely to Second Philosophy, holding that our logical practices are grounded in our interests and motivations, and our natural inclinations, and the features of the world. In this sense, logic is no different from other descriptions of the world -- just more general and responding to features so basic and ubiquitous that they tend to go unnoticed. Maddy's Second Philosophy finds Wittgenstein as an important precursor and kindred spirit, and promotes a new view of him as a naturalistic phliosopher"--
Author: Raymond M. Smullyan
Publisher: Knopf
ISBN: 0307962466
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Forever Undecided is the most challenging yet of Raymond Smullyan’s puzzle collections. It is, at the same time, an introduction—ingenious, instructive, entertaining—to Gödel’s famous theorems. With all the wit and charm that have delighted readers of his previous books, Smullyan transports us once again to that magical island where knights always tell the truth and knaves always lie. Here we meet a new and amazing array of characters, visitors to the island, seeking to determine the natives’ identities. Among them: the census-taker McGregor; a philosophical-logician in search of his flighty bird-wife, Oona; and a regiment of Reasoners (timid ones, normal ones, conceited, modest, and peculiar ones) armed with the rules of propositional logic (if X is true, then so is Y). By following the Reasoners through brain-tingling exercises and adventures—including journeys into the “other possible worlds” of Kripke semantics—even the most illogical of us come to understand Gödel’s two great theorems on incompleteness and undecidability, some of their philosophical and mathematical implications, and why we, like Gödel himself, must remain Forever Undecided!
Author: Paul F. Syverson
Publisher: Stanford Univ Center for the Study
ISBN: 9781575863924
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
One of the fundamental theses of this book is that logical consequence and logical truth are not simply given, but arise as conventions among the users of logic. Thus Syverson explains convention within a game-theoretic framework, as a kind of equilibrium between the strategies of players in a game where they share common knowledge of events—a revisiting of Lewis's Convention that argues that convention can be reasonably treated as coordination equilibria. Most strikingly, a realistic solution is provided for Gray's classic coordination problem, wherein two generals can only communicate with each other through unreliable means.
Author: Alec Fisher
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521654814
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
Publisher Description
Author: Colin McGinn
Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN: 9780199262632
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
Identity, existence, predication, necessity, and truth are fundamental philosophical concerns. Colin McGinn treats them both philosophically and logically, aiming for maximum clarity and minimum pointless formalism. He contends that there are real logical properties that challenge naturalistic metaphysical outlooks. These concepts are not definable, though we can say a good deal about how they work. The aim of Logical Properties is to bring philosophy back to philosophical logic.
Author: Bart Demoen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3540277757
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 492
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Book Description
This volume contains the papers presented at the 20th International Conference on Logic Programming,held in Saint-Malo,France,September 6-10,2004.Since the ?rst meeting in this series, held in Marseilles in 1982, ICLP has been the premier international conference for presenting research in logic programming. This year, we received 70 technical papers from countries all over the world, and the Program Committee accepted 28 of them for presentation;they are included in this volume. A stand-by-your-poster session took place during the conference. It served as a forum for presenting work in a more informal and interactive setting. Abstracts of the 16 posters selected by the Program Committee are included in this volume as well. The conference program also included invited talks and invited tutorials. We were privileged to have talks by three outstanding researchers and excellent speakers: Nachum Dershowitz (Tel Aviv University, Israel) talked on Ter- nation by Abstraction, Michael Gelfond (Texas Tech University, USA) on - swer Set Programming and the Design of Deliberative Agents,andG ́ erard Huet (INRIA, France) on Non-determinism Lessons. Two of the invited talks appear in these proceedings. The tutorials covered topics of high interest to the logic programming community: Ilkka Niemel ̈ a gave a tutorial on The Implementation of Answer Set Solvers, Andreas Podelskion Tree Automata in Program Analysis and Veri?cation, and Guillermo R. Simari on Defeasible Logic Programming and Belief Revision. Satellite workshops made the conference even more interesting. Six workshops collocated with ICLP 2004: - CICLOPS2004, Colloquium on Implementation of Constraint and Logic Programming Systems, organized by Manuel Carro. - COLOPS2004, 2nd International Workshop on Constraint & Logic Progr- ming in Security, organized by Frank Valencia. - MultiCPL2004, 3rd International Workshop on Multiparadigm Constraint, organized by Petra Hofstedt. - Teach LP2004,1st International Workshop on Teaching Logic Programming, organized by Dietmar Seipel.
Author: Stephen M. Rice
Publisher: Aspen Publishing
ISBN: 1601566107
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 429
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Book Description
Have you ever read a legal opinion and come across an odd term like the fallacy of denying the antecedent, the fallacy of the undistributed middle, or the fallacy of the illicit process and wondered how you missed that in law school? You’re not alone: every day, lawyers make arguments that fatally trespass the rules of formal logic—without realizing it—because traditional legal education often overlooks imparting the practical wisdom of ancient philosophy as it teaches students how to “think like a lawyer.” In his book, The Force of Logic: Using Formal Logic as a Tool in the Craft of Legal Argument, lawyer and law professor Stephen M. Rice guides you to develop your powers of legal reasoning in a new way, through effective tips and tactics that will forever change the way you argue your cases. Rice contends that formal logic provides tools that help lawyers distinguish good arguments from bad ones and, moreover, that they are simple to learn and use. When you know how to recognize logical fallacies, you will not only strengthen your own arguments, but you will also be able to punch holes in your opponent’s—and that can make the difference between winning and losing. In this book, Rice builds on the theoretical foundation of formal logic by demonstrating logical fallacies through the use of anecdotes, examples, graphical illustrations, and exercises for you to try that are derived from common case documents. It is a hands-on primer that presents a practical approach for understanding and mastering the place of formal logic in the art of legal reasoning. Whether you are a lawyer, a judge, a scholar, or a student, The Force of Logic will inspire you to love legal argument, and appreciate its beauty and complexity in a brand new way.
